Original Article
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Prevalence and trends of cigarette smoking among adults with HIV infection compared with the general population in Korea
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Boyoung Park, Yoonyoung Jang, Taehwa Kim, Yunsu Choi, Kyoung Hwan Ahn, Jung Ho Kim, Hye Seong, Jun Yong Choi, Hyo Youl Kim, Joon Young Song, Shin-Woo Kim, Hee Jung Choi, Dae Won Park, Young Kyung Yoon, Sang Il Kim
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Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024097. Published online December 16, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024097
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study compared the current smoking prevalence among adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to that of the general Korean population and analyzed changes in smoking prevalence and cessation rates from 2009 to 2020.
METHODS
The study included a total of 10,980 adults with HIV infection who underwent a health screening examination (National Health Insurance Service-National Health Information Database; NHIS-NHID), 1,230 individuals with HIV infection who participated in the Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort (KoCosHIV), and 76,783 participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). We estimated the current smoking prevalence and the quit ratio, defined as the ratio of former smokers to ever-smokers.
RESULTS
In the NHIS-NHID and KoCosHIV studies, the prevalence of current and former smoking among adults with HIV was 44.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43.2 to 45.1) and 15.6% (95% CI, 14.9 to 16.3), and 47.7% (95% CI, 43.7 to 51.8) and 16.9% (95% CI, 11.8 to 22.0), respectively. In the KNHANES, these rates were 22.5% and 18.1%, respectively. The standardized prevalence ratio of current smoking among adults with HIV was 1.76 in the NHIS-NHID and 1.97 in the KoCosHIV. Furthermore, the likelihood of quitting smoking was lower among adults with HIV than in the general population (NHIS-NHID: 26.1%; 95% CI, 25.0 to 27.1; KoCosHIV: 26.2%; 95% CI, 20.2 to 32.1; KNHANES: 44.6%; 95% CI, 44.5 to 44.6). Among HIV-positive adults, there was a 1.53% decline in the current smoking rate and a 2.86% increase in the quit ratio.
CONCLUSIONS
Adults with HIV were more likely to smoke and less likely to quit smoking than the general adult population. Tobacco screening and cessation strategies should specifically target this population.
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Summary
Korean summary
HIV 감염자에서 일반인구와 비교한 현재흡연의 표준화 유병비는 1.76-1.97이었음
HIV 감염자의 현재 흡연율은 연평균 1.53% 감소하고, 흡연자의 금연율은 연평균 2.86% 증가함
HIV 감염자들은 일반인구와 비교해서 흡연율이 높고,흡연자의 금연율은 낮음
Key Message
The standardized prevalence ratio of current smoking among adults with HIV compared with general population was 1.76 ~ 1.97.
Among HIV-positive adults, there was a 1.53% decline in the current smoking rate and a 2.86% increase in the quit ratio.
Adults with HIV were more likely to smoke and less likely to quit smoking than the general adult population.
Epidemiologic Investigation
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Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of suspected and confirmed mpox cases during the 2022-2023 epidemic in the Capital Region, Korea
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Mingyeol Shim, Soo Hyeon Cho, Seung Eun Lee, Taeyoung Kim
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Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024092. Published online November 24, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024092
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the general characteristics of laboratory-confirmed mpox patients in the Capital Region of Korea, as well as the risk factors for mpox infection, particularly focusing on the characteristics of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive and PCR-negative cases.
METHODS
We investigated 160 adults, excluding 4 minors, from 164 suspected mpox patients reported in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon, and Gangwon from June 21, 2022 to October 31, 2023. Data were collected via telephone and face-to-face interviews. A statistical analysis of the general characteristics of the infection was conducted using frequency analysis and logistic regression.
RESULTS
Of the 160 suspected cases of mpox, 59.3% (n=95) tested positive via mpox-PCR. Among the confirmed cases, 97.9% (n=93) were male. PCR-positive patients typically presented with genital and anal skin rashes or mucosal lesions, accompanied by pain. Additionally, 35.5% (n=33) of the male patients had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Most confirmed cases (94.7%, 90/95) were believed to have contracted mpox through sexual contact during the maximal incubation period of 21 days prior to symptom onset, with a significant number reporting same-sex or casual contact. The most commonly collected and highest-yielding specimens from PCR-positive patients were from skin or mucosal lesions, whereas blood samples demonstrated the lowest percent positivity.
CONCLUSIONS
In the Capital Region, most PCR-positive cases were male patients in their 30s who had sexual contacts and exhibited symptoms, aligning with findings from previous studies. These results provide a foundation for the differential diagnosis concerning mpox infection and the selection of PCR-test samples in clinical settings.
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Summary
Korean summary
- 대한민국 수도권의 mpox 의심환자 160명 중 59.3%(n=95)가 mpox-PCR 검사에서 양성으로 확인되었다.
- 확진 환자 중 97.9%(n=93)는 남성이었고 35.5%(n=33)는 HIV에 감염되었으며 엠폭스 감염의 위험요인으로는 일회성 파트너와의 성적 접촉, 항문생식기 병변, 병변 부위의 통증이 포함되었다.
- 양성 환자의 검체 특성은 피부 및 점막 병변 샘플이 가장 높은 양성률을 보였고, 혈액 샘플은 가장 낮은 양성률을 보였다.
Key Message
- Of the 160 suspected mpox cases in the Capital Region of South Korea, 59.3% (n=95) were confirmed as PCR-positive.
- Among the confirmed cases, 97.9% were male and 35.5% were infected with HIV, and risk factors of mpox infection included sexual contact with casual partner, anogenital lesion, and pain on lesions.
- Skin and mucosal lesion samples had the highest positivity rate, while blood samples had the lowest.
Original Articles
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Genetic associations and parent-of-origin effects of PVRL1 in non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate across multiple ethnic populations
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Ji Wan Park, Geon Kang, Seung-Hak Baek, Young Ho Kim
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Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024069. Published online August 9, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024069
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Supplementary Material
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the associations of <i>PVRL1</i> gene variants with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) by evaluating transmission distortion and parent-of-origin (POO) effects in multiple ethnic populations.
METHODS
We conducted allelic and genotypic transmission disequilibrium tests (TDT) on 10 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in <i>PVRL1</i> using data from 142 Korean families with an affected child. POO effects were analyzed using the POO likelihood ratio test, comparing transmission rates of maternally and paternally inherited alleles. To assess generalizability and ethnic heterogeneity, we compared results from Korean families with data from the Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, which included 2,226 individuals from 497 European and 245 Asian trios.
RESULTS
TDT analysis identified significant over-transmission of the rs7940667 (G361V) C allele in Korean families (p=0.007), a finding replicated in both Asian (p=6.5×10<sup>-7</sup>) and European families (p=1.6×10<sup>-10</sup>). Eight SNVs showed strong TDT evidence in larger Asian and European datasets after multiple comparison corrections (p<0.0073). Of these, 4 SNVs (rs7940667, rs7103685, rs7129848, and rs4409845) showed particularly robust association (p<5×10<sup>-8</sup>). POO analysis revealed significant maternal over-transmission of the rs10790330-A allele in Korean families (p=0.044). This finding was replicated in European families (p=9.0×10<sup>-4</sup>). Additionally, 3 other SNVs, rs7129848 (p=0.001) and the linked SNVs rs3935406 and rs10892434 (p=0.025), exhibited maternal over-transmission in the validation datasets.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings provide robust evidence supporting the associations of <i>PVRL1</i> variants with NSCL/P susceptibility. Further research is necessary to explore the potential clinical applications of these findings.
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Summary
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Effect of the human papillomavirus vaccine on the risk of genital warts: a nationwide cohort study of Korean adolescent girls
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Jaeyoung Cho, Eun Mi Kim, Jihye Kim, Ju-Young Shin, Eui Hyeok Kim, Jong Heon Park, Seunghyun Lewis Kwon, Geun-Yong Kwon, Soon-Ae Shin, Jaiyong Kim
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Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024040. Published online March 18, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024040
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4,922
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Supplementary Material
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination administered to adolescent girls through Korea’s National Immunization Program.
METHODS
This retrospective cohort study included patients who were 12-13 years old, whether vaccinated or unvaccinated, between July 2016 and December 2017. The incidence of genital warts (GWs) was monitored through 2021. Time-stratified hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated, adjusting for birth year, socioeconomic status, and the level of urbanization of the region, and were presented with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Data were sourced from the Immunization Registry Integration System, linked with the National Health Information Database.
RESULTS
The study included 332,062 adolescent girls, with an average follow-up period of approximately 4.6 years. Except for the first year, the HRs for the vaccinated group were lower than those for the unvaccinated group. The HRs for specific cut-off years were as follows: year 2, 0.62 (95% CI, 0.31 to 1.13); year 3, 0.58 (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.96); and year 4 and beyond, 0.39 (95% CI, 0.28 to 0.52).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that HPV vaccination was associated with a reduction in the risk of GWs among adolescent girls. Notably, this reduction became significant as the incidence of GWs increased with age.
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Summary
Korean summary
이 연구는 후향적 코호트 연구로써, HPV 예방접종이 한국의 여자 청소년에서 생식기사마귀 질환의 위험을 감소시키는 것과 연관성이 있다는 것을 보여주었다. 따라서 단기적으로 한국의 국가예방접종 사업은 생식기사마귀 질환에 있어 효과가 있었다고 볼 수 있다. 향후에는 전암성 병변 또는 암 등과 같은 심각한 질환에 대한 백신의 영향을 확인할 필요가 있다.
Key Message
In this retrospective cohort study, our results demonstrated that HPV vaccination is associated with a reduction in the risk of GWs among adolescent girls. In the short term, the NIP of Korea can be considered effective in providing protection against GWs. Future studies need to analyze the impact of vaccines on more serious diseases such as precancerous lesions or cancer.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on HPV infection and recurrence of HPV related disease after local surgical treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Qinxue Cao, Yantao Hou, Chaoyang Wang, Juntao Yin, Mehmet Demirci
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(12): e0312128. CrossRef
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Parental intention to vaccinate daughters with the human papillomavirus vaccine in Korea: a nationwide cross-sectional survey
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Yejin Ha, Kyeongmin Lee, Bomi Park, Mina Suh, Jae Kwan Jun, Kui Son Choi
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Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023076. Published online August 17, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023076
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to identify and compare the characteristics and factors associated with parental intention to vaccinate daughters under 12 years old against human papillomavirus (HPV), examining data from 2016 and 2020.
METHODS
Data were obtained from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey conducted in 2016 and 2020. The present study included 3,510 parents with daughters under 12 years old. Changes in parental intention-to-vaccinate rates were calculated. To identify factors associated with parental intention to vaccinate their daughters, the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used.
RESULTS
The percentage of respondents intending to vaccinate their daughters increased from 33.4% in 2016 to 58.9% in 2020, constituting a 25.5 percentage point (%p) increase. Since 2016, the proportion of men expressing positive intention towards HPV vaccination increased by 31.5%p, while that of women demonstrated a 20.9%p increase. Logistic regression analysis indicated that parents with a strong intention to vaccinate their daughters tended to be younger, more educated, and aware of the free vaccination program available, as well as to have a history of HPV vaccination and to have undergone cervical cancer screening within 2 years, compared to those who did not intend to vaccinate. Being a mother with a history of HPV vaccination was the strongest predictor of positive intention to vaccinate a daughter.
CONCLUSIONS
The intention among parents to vaccinate daughters remains relatively low, although it is rising. To increase the HPV vaccination rate, strong recommendations and education should be provided to parents and the younger generation.
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Summary
Korean summary
한국정부는 2016년부터 HPV 백신을 국가예방접종사업으로 도입하여 만 12세 여아를 대상으로 무료접종을 실시하고 있다. 12세 여아가 접종대상인만큼 부모의 HPV 백신에 대한 인식과 태도가 실제 예방접종에 중요한 영향을 미친다. 이 연구를 통해 2016년과 2020년을 비교했을 때 딸의 백신접종에 대한 의향이 증가하였음을 알 수 있었고, 특히 HPV 백신접종 경험이 있는 경우 딸의 백신접종에 대한 의향이 유의하게 높음을 확인하였다.
Key Message
In Korea, HPV vaccination was included in the national immunization program in 2016 for 12-year-old girls. The decision to undergo the HPV vaccination is closely associated with their parents’ perceptions of and attitudes toward the HPV vaccine. This study identified that parental intention increased from 2016 to 2020, and maternal history of HPV vaccination was the strongest predictor of positive intention to vaccinate a daughter.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Indonesian Mothers’ Experience of Their Daughter’s HPV Vaccination, and Factors Associated with Their Willingness to Recommend HPV Vaccination for Girls
Setiyani Marta Dewi, Ariane Juliana Utomo, Linda Rae Bennett, Siswanto Agus Wilopo, Anna Barrett
Vaccines.2024; 12(9): 998. CrossRef
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The associations of tobacco use, sexually transmitted infections, HPV vaccination, and screening with the global incidence of cervical cancer: an ecological time series modeling study
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Luyan Zheng, Yushi Lin, Jie Wu, Min Zheng
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Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023005. Published online December 13, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023005
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6,739
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Abstract
Summary
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Supplementary Material
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to quantify the temporal associations between cervical cancer incidence and cervical cancer-related factors and to predict the number of new cervical cancer cases averted under counterfactual scenarios compared to the status quo scenario.
METHODS
We described temporal trends in cervical cancer and associated factors globally from 1990 to 2019. We then used generalized linear mixed models to explore the impact of tobacco use, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, and cervical screening on cervical cancer incidence. A counterfactual analysis was performed to simulate the most effective scenario for reducing cervical cancer incidence.
RESULTS
The worldwide incidence of cervical cancer showed a downward trend over the past 3 decades (estimated annual percentage change, -0.72%), although the incidence remained high (>30 cases per 100,000 persons) in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Higher smoking and STI prevalence showed significant direct associations with the incidence of cervical cancer, whereas HPV vaccination and screening coverage showed significant inverse associations. If the strategic goals for accelerating the elimination of cervical cancer and tobacco control programs had been achieved in 2019, the largest decrease in the number of new cervical cancer cases would have been observed, with 54,169 fewer new cases of cervical cancer in 2019.
CONCLUSIONS
Our counterfactual analysis found that a comprehensive intervention program emphasizing scaled-up cervical screening coverage (70%), HPV vaccination coverage (90%), and tobacco control (30% relative reduction) would be the most effective program for reducing cervical cancer incidence.
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Summary
Key Message
A comprehensive intervention program emphasizing scaled-up cervical screening coverage (70%), HPV vaccination coverage (90%), and tobacco control (30% relative reduction) would be the most effective program for reducing cervical cancer incidence in our counterfactual analysis.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Analysis of urinary tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4- (methylnitrosamino)1-(3-pyridyl)-1- butanol (NNAL) and HPV infection in American women: National health and nutrition examination survey
Daiwen Liang, Qi Zhang, Wenyu Li, Youkun Lin, Ashis K. Basu
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(5): e0304499. CrossRef
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Misconceptions and stigma against people living with HIV/AIDS: a cross-sectional study from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey
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Desi Suantari
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Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021094. Published online November 6, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021094
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12,464
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Data are not available in Indonesia to measure the main indicators of zero new infections, zero acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related deaths and zero discrimination. This study aimed to determine factors related to misconceptions about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and the stigma against people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Indonesia
METHODS
This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The sample was women and men aged 17-45 years and married (n=3,023).
RESULTS
Education and wealth index quintile were significantly related to misconceptions about HIV transmission. Respondents with low levels of education were more likely to have misconceptions about HIV transmission. Respondents who were in the poorest, poorer, middle, and richer quintiles of the wealth index were more likely to have misconceptions about HIV transmission than those in the richest quintile. Educational level, employment status, and wealth index quintile were predictors of stigma against PLWHA.
CONCLUSIONS
There are still many Indonesian people with misconceptions about HIV transmission and stigma against PLWHA. Future studies should focus on educational programs or interventions aimed at increasing public knowledge and awareness, promoting compassion towards PLWHA, and emphasizing respect for the rights of PLWHA. These interventions are particularly important for populations who are uneducated and living in poverty.
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Summary
Key Message
Many Indonesians still experience misconceptions about HIV transmission and stigmatize PLWHA. Educational programs or interventions are needed to increase public knowledge and awareness, promoting compassion towards PLWHA, and emphasizing respect for the rights of PLWHA, particularly among the poor and uneducated.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Can AIDS education reduce HIV stigma? Evidence from Zimbabwe
Getrude Njokwe, Yoko Kijima
AIDS Care.2025; : 1. CrossRef - Knowledge About HIV/AIDS and its Transmission and Misconception Among Women in Thailand: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach
Jahar Bhowmik, Lakma Gunarathne, Sunil Bhar, Udayan Bhowmik, Pragalathan Apputhurai
American Journal of Health Promotion.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Assessing HIV transmission knowledge and rapid test history among the general population in Iran
Keyvan Karimi, Yosra Azizpour, Maryam Shafaati, Safieh Mohammad Nejad, Reyhaneh Ehsani, Ali Nikfarjam, Mohammad Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, Samaneh Akbarpour
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of public stigma towards people with HIV and its impact on HIV testing uptake: A cross‐sectional study in 64 low‐ and middle‐income countries
Ana Mendez‐Lopez, Trenton M. White, María José Fuster‐RuizdeApodaca, Jeffrey V. Lazarus
HIV Medicine.2024; 25(1): 83. CrossRef - The Pandemics of Mass Destruction: A Comparative Analysis of HIV/AIDS and Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Robert Kajiita, Simon Kang'ethe
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2024; Volume 17: 889. CrossRef - The Unheard Stories: Experiences of Young People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Dealing with Discrimination in the Philippines
Donna Sombrea, Sofia Liane Santarin, Trixie Gayle Verde, Andrea Tidalgo, Coleen Tolosa
HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care.2024; Volume 16: 33. CrossRef - Real experience of caregivers of patients with HIV/AIDS from the perspective of iceberg theory: a qualitative research
Jie Tang, Jingxia Ren, Huiqun Wang, Min Shi, Xiaofeng Jia, Liman Zhang
BMJ Open.2024; 14(5): e079474. CrossRef - Endorsement of HIV-related stigma among men in Ghana: What are the determinants?
Sulemana Ansumah Saaka, Roger Antabe, Adedayo Ajidahun
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(7): e0305811. CrossRef - Determinants of HIV Stigma among Adolescents: A Comparative Analysis of 2007, 2012, and 2017 IDHS Data
Shabrina Arifia Qatrannada, Zahroh Shaluhiyah, Cahya Tri Purnami, M.I. Kartasurya, J.-H. Han, K.-H. Tsai, S. Nursheena, S. Changrob, N. Lisnawati, A.F. Asna, N. Handayani, D.Z. Nuridzin
BIO Web of Conferences.2024; 133: 00018. CrossRef - Stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) among general adult population: the results from the 6th Thai National Health Examination Survey (NHES VI)
Sineenart Chautrakarn, Parichat Ong-Artborirak, Warangkana Naksen, Aksara Thongprachum, Jukkrit Wungrath, Suwat Chariyalertsak, Scott Stonington, Surasak Taneepanichskul, Sawitri Assanangkornchai, Pattapong Kessomboon, Nareemarn Neelapaichit, Wichai Aekpl
Journal of Global Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Factor Associated with HIV/AIDS knowledge among males: Findings from 2017-18 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey
Jamal Abdul Nasir, Muhammad Danish Khan, Syed Arif Ahmed Zaidi
Journal of Biosocial Science.2023; 55(6): 1169. CrossRef - Knowledge of HIV/AIDS and its determinants in India:
Findings from the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019–
2021)
Mansi Malik, Siaa Girotra, Debolina Roy, Saurav Basu
Population Medicine.2023; 5(May): 1. CrossRef
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Estimated incidence of juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in Korea
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Jin-Kyoung Oh, Hwa Young Choi, Minji Han, Yuh-Seog Jung, Sang Joon Lee, Moran Ki
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Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021019. Published online March 10, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021019
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15,083
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 and is potentially preventable through vaccination. This study estimated the incidence of juvenile-onset RRP before the implementation of the national HPV vaccination program in Korea.
METHODS
We conducted a cohort study using claims data provided by a mandatory insurance program to estimate the incidence of RRP and associated healthcare use. Patients with juvenile RRP were defined as those aged ≤12 years with ≥2 admissions or ≥2 outpatient visits during which they received the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision code for benign neoplasms of the larynx (D14.1).
RESULTS
During 2002-2014, 123 children (74 boys and 49 girls) were diagnosed with RRP. The patients had a mean of 6.5 person-years of follow-up. The incidence was estimated at 0.30/100,000 person-years. The median age at diagnosis was 4.0 years (mean, 4.3). Thirty-six (29.3%) patients underwent surgery, including 23 patients (18.7%) who underwent 2 or more surgical procedures. Severe disease, measured by more frequent surgical procedures and shorter time intervals between consecutive operations, was associated with a younger age at diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS
The estimated incidence of juvenile-onset RRP in Korea was similar to that reported in other countries. The RRP burden should continue to be monitored using National Health Insurance Service claims data.
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Summary
Korean summary
재발성호흡기유두종증은 사람유두종바이러스에 의해 발현되는 희귀 질환이다. 건강보험 청구자료를 활용하여 2002년 이후 출생아 전수 중 2014년까지 후두양성종양으로 2회이상 입원 또는 2회이상 외래진료를 받은 어린이 코호트를 관찰하여 재발성호흡기유두종증 발생률을 추정하였다. 총 123명의 재발성호흡기유두종증 환자가 발생하였으며 (발생률 10만인년당 0.30명), 평균 첫 진단시기는 4세인 것으로 나타났다. 2회 이상 수술적 치료를 받은 경우는 18.7%였다.
Key Message
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). We conducted a cohort study using claims data to estimate the incidence of RRP. Patients with juvenile RRP were defined as those aged ≤12 years with ≥2 admissions or ≥2 outpatient visits with diagnosis for benign neoplasms of the larynx. During 2002-2014, 123 children were diagnosed with RRP. The incidence was estimated at 0.30/100,000 person-years. The median age at diagnosis was 4.0 years. Twenty three patients (18.7%) underwent 2 or more surgical procedures.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Global Epidemiology of HPV-Associated Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis and Effect of Vaccination
RY Seedat, FG Dikkers
Future Virology.2022; 17(5): 265. CrossRef
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Human papillomavirus: footprints in the population of western India
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Ashi Robert Thobias, Kinjal Ankit Patel, Supreet Dhananjay Bhatt, Kruti Ashvinkumar Mehta, Chetana Deepal Parekh, Pariseema Sharad Dave, Prabhudas Shankarbhai Patel
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Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021013. Published online February 3, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021013
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13,021
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Cancer is a multi-factorial disease, with various intrinsic and environmental factors contributing to its occurrence. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been associated with the occurrence of many cancers. India severely suffers from 3 HPV-associated cancers (cervical cancer, oral cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer). Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the HPV burden in these 3 cancers among patients from the western region of India.
METHODS
DNA was isolated from samples from 400 cervical cancer, 127 oral cancer, and 75 oropharyngeal cancer patients. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using degenerate primers for HPV infection.
RESULTS
Overall, HPV infection was observed in 87% of cervical cancer cases, 12.5% of oral cancer cases, and 26.7% of oropharyngeal cancer cases when analyzed with a cumulative detection method using the MY 09/11, GP 5+/6+, and CP I/II primer sets.
CONCLUSIONS
A significant prevalence of HPV infection was detected in all 3 cancers using the degenerate primer sets. This finding implies that testing for HPV infection using multiple primer sets is crucial for determining its actual prevalence in various malignancies.
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Summary
Key Message
The study emphasised the need to screen population of India for HPV infection for better prognosis and disease management and showcases a perfect screening module to efficiently screen the HPV strains.
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- Prevalence of human papilloma virus among cervical cancer patients in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Prakasini Satapathy, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Ahmad Neyazi, Laila Qanawezi, Saida Said, Shilpa Gaidhane, Quazi Syed Zahiruddin, Sarvesh Rustagi, Marwan Al-Hajeili, Altaf A. Abdulkhaliq, Ahmed Alsayyah, Hayam A. Alrasheed, Maha F. Al-Subaie, Nawal A. Al Kaa
Medicine.2024; 103(31): e38827. CrossRef
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Associations of depression and anxiety with cardiovascular risk among people living with HIV/AIDS in Korea
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Kyong Sil Park, Seon Young Hwang, Bo Youl Choi, June Kim, Sang Il Kim, Woo-Joo Kim, Chun Kang
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Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021002. Published online December 24, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021002
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Abstract
Summary
PDF
Supplementary Material
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
As HIV/AIDS is becoming a chronic disease, the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) among people living with HIV/AIDS is rising. Anxiety and depression, which are common among people living with HIV/AIDS, have been linked with CVD. This study investigated the risk of CVD in people living with HIV/AIDS and explored the effects of depression and anxiety on CVD risk.
METHODS
Data were collected for 457 people enrolled in the Korea Cohort HIV/AIDS study after 2010. Framingham risk scores were calculated to quantify the 10-year risk of developing CVD. Depression and anxiety variables were re-coded as a single combined variable. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed, adjusting for age, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), duration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity after entry into the cohort, and depression/anxiety.
RESULTS
Participants with both depression and anxiety were 2.28 times more likely than those with neither depression nor anxiety to have moderate/high-risk CVD risk. The 10-year risk of developing CVD was affected by LDL cholesterol, TG, age, and duration of HIV infection. LDL cholesterol and TG levels change according to the duration of HIV infection, and metabolic disorders affect the risk of CVD. Thus, a longer duration of HIV infection is associated with a higher risk of developing CVD.
CONCLUSIONS
Screenings for depression and anxiety need to be provided regularly to assess the severity of those symptoms. To help decrease their risk of developing CVD, people living with HIV/AIDS should be offered behavioral modification interventions aimed at developing healthy lifestyle habits.
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Summary
Korean summary
본 연구를 통해 우울과 불안이 심혈관질환 발생위험을 증가시키는 영향요인임을 확인하였다. 따라서, HIV 감염자의 우울과 불안에 대한 정기적인 검사 및 상담이 필요하며, 우울 또는 불안한 환자의 심혈관질환의 발병 위험을 줄이기위해 좋은 생활 습관을 위한 행동 수정 및 동기 부여 교육프로그램의 개발이 필요하다.
Key Message
healthcare providers need to provide motivational education for behavioral modifications to decrease patients’ risk of developing CVD, especially among those with depression or anxiety symptoms.
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- Depressive Symptoms and Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Among Men and Women with HIV
Claudia Martinez, Nel Jason Haw, Violeta J. Rodriguez, Jorge R. Kizer, Wendy S. Post, Katherine C. Wu, Joao A. C. Lima, Jenni M. Wise, Maria L. Alcaide, Michael Plankey, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Sofia Kozlova, Margaret A. Fischl, Adaora A. Adimora, Matthew
EMJ Cardiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Cardiovascular health (“Life’s Essential 8”), risk of depression and anxiety: a prospective cohort study
Shuzhen Liu, Xiangju Hu, Meijie Jiang, Ninghao Huang, Hailun Liang, Ruimao Zheng, Shuyan Wang, Jian Qin, Zhiyong Zhang, Tao Huang, Xu Gao
npj Cardiovascular Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Comorbidities among persons living with HIV (PLWH) in Florida: a network analysis
Shyfuddin Ahmed, Angel B. Algarin, Hsu Thadar, Zhi Zhou, Tanjila Taskin, Krishna Vaddiparti, Karina Villalba, Yan Wang, Nicole Ennis, Jamie P. Morano, Charurut Somboonwit, Robert L Cook, Gladys E. Ibañez
AIDS Care.2023; 35(7): 1055. CrossRef - Elevated frequency and everyday functioning implications of vascular depression in persons with HIV disease
Ilex Beltran-Najera, Andrea Mustafa, Desmond Warren, Zach Salling, Maria Misiura, Steven Paul Woods, Vonetta M. Dotson
Journal of Psychiatric Research.2023; 160: 78. CrossRef - MENTE X CORAÇÃO: AS DOENÇAS PSIQUICAS E AS CONSENQUÊNCIAS CARDIOVASCULARES: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
Beatriz da Silva Araújo, Morgana Gonçalves da Silva
Revista interdisciplinar em saúde.2021; 8(Único): 292. CrossRef
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Oral colonization by Candida species and associated factors in HIV-infected patients in Ahvaz, southwest Iran
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Elham Aboualigalehdari, Maryam Tahmasebi Birgani, Mahnaz Fatahinia, Mehran Hosseinzadeh
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Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020033. Published online May 24, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020033
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16,358
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Abstract
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Abstract
Objectives
Oropharyngeal candidiasis is one of the most common opportunistic fungal infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The most common cause is <i>Candida albicans</i>, followed by non-<i>albicans Candida</i>. This study aimed to identify colonized <i>Candida</i> species in HIV-infected patients from Ahvaz, Iran. Additionally, the relationships between immunity-related factors, lifestyle, and colonization of <i>Candida</i> spp. were studied.
Methods
Oral swabs were taken from 201 HIV-positive patients referred for consultations at the Behavioral Modification Center. Oral <i>Candida</i> colonization was detected using culture-based and molecular assays. Data were assessed by descriptive statistics and analyzed to investigate the correlation between <i>Candida</i> colonization and various factors, including the CD4<sup>+</sup> cell count and viral load.
Results
It was found that 43.8% of patients were positive for <i>Candida</i>. The most common species was C. <i>albicans</i> (48.0%), followed by non-<i>albicans Candida</i> isolates, including <i>C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. guilliermondii, C. kefyr</i>, and <i>C. krusei.</i> Colonization of <i>Candida</i> spp. in patients was associated with a CD4 count ≤200 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> (odds ratio [OR], 4.62; p<0.05), history of shared injections (OR, 6.96; p<0.001), and sex (OR, 3.59; p<0.05).
Conclusions
The results of this study showed that C. <i>albicans</i> was the dominant pathogen. The risk factors for colonization of <i>Candida</i> spp. were a CD4 count ≤ 200/mm<sup>3</sup> , a history of shared injections, and sex. Other factors with potential relationships include viral load, age, and opportunistic infections, but further investigations are needed.
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Summary
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Citations
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- Antifungal Susceptibility and Candida sp. Biofilm Production in Clinical Isolates of HIV-Positive Brazilian Patients under HAART Therapy
Anelise Maria Costa Vasconcelos Alves, Érika Helena Salles de Brito, Márcio Flávio Moura de Araújo, Juliana Jales de Hollanda Celestino, Ana Caroline Rocha de Melo Leite, Gabriela Silva Cruz, Nuno Filipe Azevedo, Célia Fortuna Rodrigues
Biomedicines.2024; 12(2): 310. CrossRef - Exploring the diversity of uncommon oral yeast species and associated risk factors among substance abusers in southwestern Iran
Aynaz Ghojoghi, Sadegh Khodavaisy, Ali Zarei Mahmoudabadi, Eisa Nazar, Mahnaz Fatahinia
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Etiopathogenetic Features of Dermatomycosis in HIV- Infected Patients
Iryna Kravchuk
The Ukrainian Scientific Medical Youth Journal.2024; 150(4): 60. CrossRef - Recuento de linfocitos CD4, carga viral y colonización oral por Candida en personas viviendo con VIH/SIDA
Esperanza Gissela Vargas-Díaz, Graciela Albino Cornejo, Hans Ramón Quiroz-Ruiz
Gaceta Médica Boliviana.2023; 46(1): 18. CrossRef - Low level of antifungal resistance inCandidaspecies recovered from Iranian HIV-associated oral infection
Maryam Erfaninejad, Ali Zarei Mahmoudabadi, Elham Maraghi, Mohammad Hashemzadeh, Mahnaz Fatahinia
Letters in Applied Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Epidemiology, prevalence, and associated factors of oral candidiasis in HIV patients from southwest Iran in post-highly active antiretroviral therapy era
Maryam Erfaninejad, Ali Zarei Mahmoudabadi, Elham Maraghi, Mohammad Hashemzadeh, Mahnaz Fatahinia
Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Meyerozyma guilliermondii species complex: review of current epidemiology, antifungal resistance, and mechanisms
Reza Ghasemi, Ensieh Lotfali, Kamran Rezaei, Seyed Ataollah Madinehzad, Mahdi Falah Tafti, Nikta Aliabadi, Ebrahim Kouhsari, Mahsa Fattahi
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology.2022; 53(4): 1761. CrossRef - HIV-infected patients rarely develop invasive fungal diseases under good immune reconstitution after ART regardless high prevalence of pathogenic filamentous fungi carriage in nasopharynx/oropharynx
Xiaoman Chen, Yi Cao, Meijun Chen, Haodi Wang, Peishan Du, Hong Li, Huolin Zhong, Quanmin Li, Santao Zhao, Zhenjiang Yao, Wanshan Chen, Weiping Cai, Xiaoping Tang, Linghua Li
Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Neglected mycobiome in HIV infection: Alterations, common fungal diseases and antifungal immunity
Shuang Li, Xiaodong Yang, Christiane Moog, Hao Wu, Bin Su, Tong Zhang
Frontiers in Immunology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Identification & Correlation of Candida Strains with CD4+ Count Among HIV Patients on HAART and Evaluation of In-Vitro Susceptibility to Fluconazole and Voriconazole
Naidu Harika, Koduri Sridevi, Buduru Krishnaveni, Nalli Prasanth Kumar, Gutta Mounika, Adari Devi Naga Deepika
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology.2022; 34(1): 38. CrossRef - Update of the list of QPS‐recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 13: suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until September 2020
Kostas Koutsoumanis, Ana Allende, Avelino Alvarez‐Ordóñez, Declan Bolton, Sara Bover‐Cid, Marianne Chemaly, Robert Davies, Alessandra De Cesare, Friederike Hilbert, Roland Lindqvist, Maarten Nauta, Luisa Peixe, Giuseppe Ru, Marion Simmons, Panagiotis Skan
EFSA Journal.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Transcription Factors of CAT1, EFG1, and BCR1 Are Effective in Persister Cells of Candida albicans-Associated HIV-Positive and Chemotherapy Patients
Elham Aboualigalehdari, Maryam Tahmasebi Birgani, Mahnaz Fatahinia, Mehran Hosseinzadeh
Frontiers in Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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Evaluating maternal and child health indicators for the Sustainable Development Goals in 2018: what is Iran’s position?
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Elham Khatooni, Isa Akbarzadeh, Elham Abdalmaleki, Zhaleh Abdi, Elham Ahmadnezhad
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Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019045. Published online October 11, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019045
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14,426
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Abstract
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Since many Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were not achieved, countries including Iran—despite achieving some of the MDGs—need regular planning to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. This article examines maternal and child health indicators in the early years of the SDGs in Iran relative to several other countries.
METHODS
This study was carried out through a secondary analysis of maternal and child health indicators in Iran. The results were compared with data from other countries divided into three groups: countries with upper-middle income levels, countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region, and the countries covered by the Outlook Document 1,404 (a regional classification). Then, the relationship between these indicators and the Human Development Index was investigated.
RESULTS
Iran has attained better results than other countries with respect to maternal mortality, family planning, skilled birth attendance, under-5 deaths, incidence of hepatitis B, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccination coverage, and antenatal care. In contrast, Iran performed worse than other countries with respect to under-5 wasting, under-5 stunting, and care-seeking behavior for children.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, among the 11 indicators surveyed, Iran has attained better-than-average results and seems to be improving. We recommend that Iran continue interventions in the field of maternal and child health.
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Summary
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Iranian women's birth experiences: a cross-sectional study
Mona Ghobadi, Farzaneh Pazandeh, Barbara Potrata, Ehsan Kazemnejad Lili
British Journal of Midwifery.2022; 30(12): 685. CrossRef - Sanctions on Iran and their impact on child health*
Yasmin Madani-Lavassani
Medicine, Conflict and Survival.2020; 36(4): 359. CrossRef
Review
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the genetic characterization of human echinococcosis in Iran, an endemic country
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Abolghasem Siyadatpanah, Davood Anvari, Amir Emami Zeydi, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Ahmad Daryani, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Christine M. Budke, Reza Esmaeelzadeh Dizaji, Mohammad Ali Mohaghegh, Mohammad Hasan Kohansal, Samira Dodangeh, Reza Saberi, Shirzad Gholami
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Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019024. Published online June 15, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019024
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17,486
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335
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Abstract
Human echinococcosis is an infectious disease caused by tapeworms belonging to the species Echinococcus. This parasite has a worldwide distribution and is considered a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. Due to the diversity of Echinococcus spp. hosts, as well as variation in geographical, climatic, and socio-ethnic conditions, the question of the strains or genotypes of Echinococcus spp. that are involved in human infections is important. The aim of this study was to provide a summary of the available data on genotypes of Echinococcus obtained from the Iranian population. Four international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science) and 4 Persian databases (Magiran, Scientific Information Database, Iran Medex, and IranDoc) were searched for cross-sectional studies that reported the genotypes of Echinococcus spp. in human echinococcosis cases using molecular methods in Iran through July 2018. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the selected studies. A total of 559 cases of human cystic echinococcosis were reported in the 21 included articles. The majority of cases belonged to genotype G1 (89.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 80.1 to 95.8), genotype G6 (8.2%; 95% CI, 2.8 to 15.9), and genotype G3 (2.3%; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.9). Since genotype G1 of Echinococcus appears to be the most prevalent genotype affecting humans in Iran, disease control initiatives aimed at sheep intermediate hosts may be the most beneficial. In addition, educational programs and serological screening in individuals may help reduce the national impact of the disease.
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Summary
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Citations
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- Echinococcus granulosus sheep strain (G1) as the predominant genotype in definitive host (dogs) isolates in northeastern Iran
Seyed-Hossein Hejazi, Seyed-Reza Mirbadie, Rasool Jafari, Mohammad-Reza Rezaiemanesh, Omid Azizi, Farzad Badmasti, Hamed Kalani, Kourosh Cheraghipour, Peyman Heydarian, Nooshin Hashemi, Shahrokh Izadi, Zahra Jabalameli, Mohammad-Ali Mohaghegh
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2024; 48: 100975. CrossRef - Identification and genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus from human clinical samples in Guilan province, north of Iran
Masoumeh Gholami Koohestan, Reza Saberi, Ahmad Daryani, Shahabbedin Sarvi, Meysam Sharifdini, Davood Anvari, Seyyed Ali Shariatzadeh, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Shirzad Gholami
Parasite Epidemiology and Control.2024; 25: e00353. CrossRef - Global distribution and definitive host range of Echinococcus species and genotypes: A systematic review
Rehman Ali, Shahid Nazeer, Malik Muhammad Sohail Elahi, Emmanuel Gideon Idu, Hongteng Zhang, Hossein Mahmoudvand, Shahid Niaz Khan, Jun Yang
Veterinary Parasitology.2024; 331: 110273. CrossRef - Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato Genotypes in Different Hosts Worldwide: A Systematic Review
Carlos Manterola, Armando Totomoch-Serra, Claudio Rojas, Ángela L. Riffo-Campos, Nayely García-Méndez
Acta Parasitologica.2022; 67(1): 161. CrossRef - Proteomic Profile of Echinococcus granulosus: A Systematic Review
Nayely García-Méndez, Carlos Manterola, Armando Totomoch-Serra, Angela L. Riffo-Campos, César A. Brito-Carreón
Journal of Parasitology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Cystic Echinococcosis in Central Iran: G1 and G6 Genotypes in Patients
Saeed Kargar, Abdolhossein Dalimi, Gilda Eslami, Bahador Hajimohammadi, Ahmad Shirinzadeh, Abdolhamid Amouei, Mohammad Zare, Jamal Jafari-Nedooshan, Naeimeh Heiranizadeh, Mahmood Akhavan Tafti, Salman Ahmadian, Saeedeh Sadat Hosseini, Vahideh Askari, Mary
Surgical Infections.2022; 23(5): 451. CrossRef - Clinical and molecular features of human cystic echinococcosis in Tehran, Iran, 2011-2019
Narges Amani Hamedani, Majid Pirestani, Abdolhossein Dalimi
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2022; 15(12): 558. CrossRef -
Current situation and future prospects of
Echinococcus granulosus
vaccine candidates: A systematic review
Davood Anvari, Fatemeh Rezaei, Alireza Ashouri, Saeed Rezaei, Hamidreza Majidiani, Abdol Sattar Pagheh, Fatemeh Rezaei, Seyyed Ali Shariatzadeh, Amir Fotovati, Abolghasem Siyadatpanah, Shirzad Gholami, Ehsan Ahmadpour
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases.2021; 68(3): 1080. CrossRef - The global status and genetic characterization of hydatidosis in camels (Camelus dromedarius): a systematic literature review with meta-analysis based on published papers
Davood Anvari, Nima Pourmalek, Saeed Rezaei, Amir Fotovati, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Ahmad Daryani, Adel Spotin, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Mona Hosseini, Mohammad Reza Narouei, Mohammad Kalkali, Faezeh Pendar, Shirzad Gholami
Parasitology.2021; 148(3): 259. CrossRef - Incidence of Cystic Echinococcosis in the East Azerbaijan, Iran, During 2011-2017: A Retrospective Epidemiological Study
Salar ZARRABİ AHRABİ, Rasoul MADANİ, Majid MONTAZER BAVİLİ, Ahmad BABAZADEH BEDOUSTANİ
Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences.2021; 11(1): 158. CrossRef - Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum Infection in Dog Population Worldwide: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Davood Anvari, Reza Saberi, Mehdi Sharif, Shahabbedin Sarvi, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Zahra Hosseininejad, Tooran Nayeri Chegeni, Ahmad Daryani
Acta Parasitologica.2020; 65(2): 273. CrossRef - The global status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on published articles
Davood Anvari, Elahe Narouei, Ahmad Daryani, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi, Mohammad Reza Narouei, Shirzad Gholami
Research in Veterinary Science.2020; 131: 104. CrossRef - Sarcocystosis in Ruminants of Iran, as Neglected Food-Borne Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Davood Anvari, Elahe Narouei, Mona Hosseini, Mohammad Reza Narouei, Ahmad Daryani, Seyyed Ali Shariatzadeh, Abdol Sattar Pagheh, Shirzad Gholami, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Dariush Sargazi, Reza Saberi, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Abolghasem Siyadatpanah
Acta Parasitologica.2020; 65(3): 555. CrossRef - Transcriptomic Features of Echinococcus granulosus Protoscolex during the Encystation Process
Junjie Fan, Hongye Wu, Kai Li, Xunuo Liu, Qingqing Tan, Wenqiao Cao, Bo Liang, Bin Ye
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(3): 287. CrossRef - Epidemiology of echinococcosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Shima Mahmoudi, Setareh Mamishi, Maryam Banar, Babak Pourakbari, Hossein Keshavarz
BMC Infectious Diseases.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Original Articles
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Life expectancy of HIV-positive patients after diagnosis in Iran from 1986 to 2016: A retrospective cohort study at national and sub-national levels
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Mohammad Mirzaei, Maryam Farhadian, Jalal Poorolajal, Parvin Afasr Kazerooni, Katayoun Tayeri, Younes Mohammadi
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Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018053. Published online November 7, 2018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018053
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14,569
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7
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Abstract
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Little is known about the life expectancy of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Iran. This study therefore aimed to estimate the life expectancy of HIV-positive patients in Iran.
METHODS
In this retrospective cohort study, we extracted data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the Death Registration System. We included patients aged 20 years and older who had a specified date of diagnosis. We estimated life expectancy and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Chiang’s methodology.
RESULTS
The overall life expectancy at the national level was 23.1 years (95% CI, 22.6 to 23.5). Life expectancy was 21.6 years (95% CI, 21.1 to 22.0) for men and 32.7 years (95% CI, 31.4 to 34.0) for women. The life expectancy of patients who did or did not receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) was 37.0 years (95% CI, 36.2 to 37.8) and 15.5 years (95% CI, 15.1 to 15.9), respectively. The life expectancy of patients with or without tuberculosis (TB) was 21.6 years (95% CI, 20.4 to 22.9) and 36.5 years (95% CI, 35.7 to 37.4), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The life expectancy of Iranian HIV-positive patients was found to be very low. To improve their longevity, improvements in ART coverage and the control and treatment of TB are advised.
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Summary
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Factors related to baseline CD4 cell counts in HIV/AIDS patients: comparison of poisson, generalized poisson and negative binomial regression models
Maryam Farhadian, Younes Mohammadi, Mohammad Mirzaei, Nasrin Shirmohammadi-Khorram
BMC Research Notes.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Experiences of patients with primary HIV diagnosis in Kermanshah-Iran regarding the nature of HIV/AIDS: A qualitative study
Fatemeh Gh.Barkish, Rostam Jalali, Amir Jalali
Heliyon.2019; 5(8): e02278. CrossRef
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Effects of human and organizational deficiencies on workers’ safety behavior at a mining site in Iran
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Mostafa Mirzaei Aliabadi, Hamed Aghaei, Omid Kalatpour, Ali Reza Soltanian, Maryam SeyedTabib
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Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018019. Published online May 18, 2018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018019
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16,941
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Abstract
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Throughout the world, mines are dangerous workplaces with high accident rates. According to the Statistical Center of Iran, the number of occupational accidents in Iranian mines has increased in recent years. This study investigated and analyzed the human and organizational deficiencies that influenced Iranian mining accidents.
METHODS
In this study, the data associated with 305 mining accidents were analyzed using a systems analysis approach to identify critical deficiencies in organizational influences, unsafe supervision, preconditions for unsafe acts, and workers’ unsafe acts. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to model the interactions among these deficiencies.
RESULTS
Organizational deficiencies had a direct positive effect on workers’ violations (path coefficient, 0.16) and workers’ errors (path coefficient, 0.23). The effect of unsafe supervision on workers’ violations and workers’ errors was also significant, with path coefficients of 0.14 and 0.20, respectively. Likewise, preconditions for unsafe acts had a significant effect on both workers’ violations (path coefficient, 0.16) and workers’ errors (path coefficient, 0.21). Moreover, organizational deficiencies had an indirect positive effect on workers’ unsafe acts, mediated by unsafe supervision and preconditions for unsafe acts. Among the variables examined in the current study, organizational influences had the strongest impact on workers’ unsafe acts.
CONCLUSIONS
Organizational deficiencies were found to be the main cause of accidents in the mining sector, as they affected all other aspects of system safety. In order to prevent occupational accidents, organizational deficiencies should be modified first.
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Summary
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Citations
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Sachin Batra
Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Analysis of characteristics and causes of gas explosion accidents: a historical review of coal mine accidents in China
Yunxin Wang, Gui Fu, Qian Lyu, Chenhui Yuan
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.2024; 30(1): 168. CrossRef - A fuzzy Bayesian network DEMATEL model for predicting safety behavior
Mohsen Mahdinia, Iraj Mohammadfam, Ahmad Soltanzadeh, Mostafa Mirzaei Aliabadi, Hamed Aghaei
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.2023; 29(1): 36. CrossRef - Assessing the impact of peripheral vision on construction site safety
Isik Ates Kiral, Sevilay Demirkesen
Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management.2023; 30(9): 4435. CrossRef - Modelling and analysis of unsafe acts in coal mine gas explosion accidents based on network theory
Wang Yuxin, Fu Gui, Lyu Qian, Li Xiao, Chen Yiran, Wu Yali, Xie Xuecai
Process Safety and Environmental Protection.2023; 170: 28. CrossRef - Conceptual Framework for Hazards Management in the Surface Mining Industry—Application of Structural Equation Modeling
Saira Sherin, Salim Raza, Ishaq Ahmad
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Mostafa Mirzaei Aliabadi, Iraj Mohammadfam, Keyvan Salimi
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.2022; 28(2): 1291. CrossRef - Influencing Factors, Formation Mechanism, and Pre-control Methods of Coal Miners′ Unsafe Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review
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Sustainability.2022; 14(21): 14511. CrossRef - Integrated Method for Assessing Occupational Risks at Oil and Gas Production Facilities
N V Gorlenko, M A Murzin
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.2021; 666(6): 062141. CrossRef - Integrated Method for Assessing Occupational Risks at Oil and Gas Production Facilities
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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering.2021; 1079(6): 062078. CrossRef - Occupational Risk Assessment for Workers of Aluminum Production Using the Example of RUSAL Bratsk OJSC
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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering.2021; 1079(6): 062080. CrossRef - Zero-Emission Water Cycle When Developing Underground Gas Storage in Rock Salt Formation
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Linlin Jing, Qingguo Bai, Weiqun Guo, Yan Feng, Lin Liu, Yingyu Zhang
Systems Research and Behavioral Science.2020; 37(2): 255. CrossRef - Game Modelling and Strategy Research on Trilateral Evolution for Coal-Mine Operational Safety Production System: A Simulation Approach
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Risk Analysis.2020; 40(6): 1183. CrossRef - Occupational Risks in the Extraction and Processing of Mineral Raw Materials
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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.2020; 459(3): 032023. CrossRef - Structural equation modeling of risk-taking behaviors based on personality dimensions and risk power
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International Archives of Health Sciences.2020; 7(3): 119. CrossRef - The Relationships Among Occupational Safety Climate, Patient Safety Climate, and Safety Performance Based on Structural Equation Modeling
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Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2020; 53(6): 447. CrossRef - Analysis of the severity of occupational injuries in the mining industry using a Bayesian network
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