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From articles published in Epidemiology and Health during the past two years (2023 ~ ).

Special Articles
The Korea National Disability Registration System
Miso Kim, Wonyoung Jung, So Young Kim, Jong Hyock Park, Dong Wook Shin
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023053.   Published online May 11, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023053
  • 19,829 View
  • 323 Download
  • 35 Web of Science
  • 36 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
The Korea National Disability Registration System (KNDRS) was established in 1989 to provide social welfare benefits based on predefined criteria for disability registration and an objective medical assessment using a disability grading system. Disability registration requires (1) a medical examination by a qualified specialist physician and (2) a medical advisory meeting to review the degree of disability. Medical institutions and specialists for the diagnosis of disabilities are legally stipulated, and medical records for a specified period are required to support the diagnosis. The number of disability types has gradually expanded, and 15 disability types have been legally defined. As of 2021, 2.645 million people were registered as disabled, accounting for approximately 5.1% of the total population. Among the 15 disability types, disabilities of the extremities account for the largest proportion (45.1%). Previous studies have investigated the epidemiology of disabilities using data from the KNDRS, combined predominantly with data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Korea has a mandatory public health insurance system that covers the entire Korean population, and the National Health Insurance Services manages all eligibility information, including disability types and severity ratings. In short, the KNDRS-NHIRD is a significant data resource for research on the epidemiology of disabilities.
Summary
Korean summary
한국에서는 장애의 유형과 장애 유형별 장애정도를 장애인 복지법에서 규정하고 있다. 우리는 한국의 장애등록제도의 역사와 장애등록절차 그리고 장애유형별 통계 현황에 대해서 다루고자 한다.
Key Message
In Korea, the types and severity levels of disabilities are legally defined by the Korea National Disability Registration System (KNDRS). We address the history of the KNDRS, disability registration procedures, and current statistics.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Longitudinal analysis of anxiety and sleep disorders in the Korean population with disabilities, from 2006 to 2017: Incidence, prevalence, and association with disability type and severity
    H.-Y. Lee, K.E. Yeob, S.Y. Kim, Y.Y. Kim, J.H. Park
    Journal of Affective Disorders.2025; 369: 135.     CrossRef
  • Association between Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Visual Disability and Risk of Dementia: A Nationwide Cohort Study
    Ki Young Son, Yong-Jun Choi, Bongseong Kim, Kyungdo Han, Sungsoon Hwang, Wonyoung Jung, Dong Wook Shin, Dong Hui Lim
    Journal of the American Medical Directors Association.2025; 26(2): 105392.     CrossRef
  • Intellectual disabilities and risk of cardiovascular diseases: A population-based cohort study
    In Young Cho, Hye Yeon Koo, Yoo Jin Um, Yong-Moon Mark Park, Kyung Mee Kim, Chung Eun Lee, Kyungdo Han
    Disability and Health Journal.2025; 18(2): 101754.     CrossRef
  • Elevated risk of end-stage kidney disease in stroke patients: A population-based observational study
    Sohyun Chun, Kyungdo Han, Bongseong Kim, Dagyeong Lee, In Young Cho, Hea Lim Choi, Jun Hee Park, Junseok Jeon, Hye Ryoun Jang, Dong Wook Shin
    International Journal of Stroke.2025; 20(4): 461.     CrossRef
  • Increased risk of type 2 diabetes after traumatic amputation: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
    Jung Eun Yoo, Dagyeong Lee, Bongseong Kim, Won Hyuk Chang, Sang-Man Jin, Kyungdo Han, Dong Wook Shin
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Increased Risk of End-Stage Kidney Disease After Traumatic Amputation: Nationwide Cohort Study
    Jung Eun Yoo, Bongseong Kim, Won Hyuk Chang, Kyungho Lee, Hye Ryoun Jang, Kyungdo Han, Dong Wook Shin
    Healthcare.2025; 13(1): 80.     CrossRef
  • Association between chemotherapy and the risk of developing breast cancer-related lymphedema: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
    Sung Hoon Jeong, Seong Min Chun, Hyunji Lee, Miji Kim, Mira Choi, Ja-Ho Leigh
    Supportive Care in Cancer.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Impact of acupuncture on mortality in patients with disabilities and newly diagnosed heart failure: a nationwide cohort study
    Hyungsun Jun, Dasol Park, Jae-Uk Sul, Moon Joo Cheong, Haerim Kim, Inae Youn, Jungtae Leem
    Frontiers in Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: A Nationwide Cohort Study
    Hye Yeon Koo, In Young Cho, Yoo Jin Um, Yong-Moon Mark Park, Kyung Mee Kim, Chung Eun Lee, Kyungdo Han
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2025; 40(1): 103.     CrossRef
  • Longitudinal Income Dynamics and Risk of End-Stage Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: A South Korean Population–Based Cohort Study
    Min Woo Kang, Jae-ik Oh, Jinsun Lee, Minsang Kim, Jung Hun Koh, Jeong Min Cho, Seong Geun Kim, Semin Cho, Soojin Lee, Yaerim Kim, Dong Ki Kim, Kyungdo Han, Sehoon Park
    American Journal of Kidney Diseases.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The link between disability and social participation revisited: Heterogeneity by type of social participation and by socioeconomic status
    Jinho Kim, Gum-Ryeong Park, Eun Ha Namkung
    Disability and Health Journal.2024; 17(2): 101543.     CrossRef
  • Increased Risk of Dementia Following a Diagnosis of Hearing Impairment: A South Korean Nationwide Cohort Study
    Minah Park, Sung-In Jang, Kyungduk Hurh, Eun-Cheol Park, Seung Hoon Kim
    Journal of Alzheimer's Disease.2024; 97(2): 679.     CrossRef
  • Risk of fracture among patients with spinal cord injury: A nationwide cohort study in South Korea
    Seonghye Kim, Bongseong Kim, Kyung-Do Han, Junhee Park, Jung Eun Yoo, Hea Lim Choi, Won Hyuk Chang, In Young Cho, Dong Wook Shin
    Bone.2024; 183: 117093.     CrossRef
  • Desafios para inclusão de escolares com deficiência em um estado do brasileiro
    Paola Regina Martins Bruno, Graziane Pacini Rodrigues, Damarys Paula Alves Alvim, Francisco Winter dos Santos Figueiredo, Janeisi de Lima Meira, Andreia de Bem Machado, Gabriel Martins Cabral, Fernando Rodrigues Peixoto Quaresma
    Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo.2024; 16(4): e3840.     CrossRef
  • Korean autistic persons facing systemic stigmatization from middle education schools: daily survival on the edge as a puppet
    Wn-ho Yoon, JaeKyung Seo, Cheolung Je
    Frontiers in Psychiatry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Disability acceptance and depressive symptoms: the moderating role of social support
    Gum-Ryeong Park, Sujeong Park, Jinho Kim
    Disability and Rehabilitation.2024; 46(26): 6424.     CrossRef
  • Impact of a Service-Learning Program Using Soccer Training on the Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Children with Developmental Disabilities
    Huan Meng, Yonghwan Kim, Kyujin Lee
    Children.2024; 11(4): 467.     CrossRef
  • Risk of Heart Disease in Patients With Amputation: A Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea
    Hea Lim Choi, Jung Eun Yoo, Miso Kim, Bongsung Kim, Junhee Park, Won Hyuk Chang, Heesun Lee, Kyungdo Han, Dong Wook Shin
    Journal of the American Heart Association.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Fracture Risk Among Stroke Survivors According to Poststroke Disability Status and Stroke Type
    Dagyeong Lee, In Young Cho, Won Hyuk Chang, Jung Eun Yoo, Hea Lim Choi, Junhee Park, Dong Wook Shin, Kyungdo Han
    Stroke.2024; 55(6): 1498.     CrossRef
  • Disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer among patients with disabilities
    Ki Bae Kim, Dong Wook Shin, Kyoung Eun Yeob, So Young Kim, Joung-Ho Han, Seon Mee Park, Jong Heon Park, Jong Hyock Park
    World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.2024; 16(7): 2925.     CrossRef
  • Increased Risk of Fracture after Traumatic Amputation: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study
    Hyeonjin Cho, Junhee Park, Bongseong Kim, Kyungdo Han, Hea Lim Choi, Dong Wook Shin
    Healthcare.2024; 12(13): 1362.     CrossRef
  • Trends in Physiotherapy Interventions and Medical Costs for Parkinson’s Disease in South Korea, 2011–2020
    Dong-Woo Ryu, Jinse Park, Myung Jun Lee, Dallah Yoo, Sang-Myung Cheon
    Journal of Movement Disorders.2024; 17(3): 270.     CrossRef
  • COVID-19 and Neurodevelopmental Delays in Early Childhood: A Longitudinal Analysis of Developmental Outcomes in Korean Children
    Youn Young Choi, Kyung-Shin Lee, Seul Gi Park, You Sun Kim, Jeehye Lee, Ho Kyung Sung, Myoung-hee Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Risk of depression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A nationwide cohort study in South Korea
    Soonwook Kwon, Bongseong Kim, Kyung-Do Han, Wonyoung Jung, Eun Bin Cho, Dong Wook Shin, Ju-Hong Min
    Journal of Psychiatric Research.2024; 178: 414.     CrossRef
  • Association between glycemic status and all-cause mortality among individuals with dementia: a nationwide cohort study
    Youn Huh, Kye-Yeung Park, Kyungdo Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Yoon Jeong Cho, Hye Soon Park, Ga Eun Nam, Soo Lim
    Alzheimer's Research & Therapy.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Association between Healthcare Satisfaction and Social Support and Stress, Depression, and Life Satisfaction in Female Caregivers: The Moderating Role of Dependence of a Sick Child
    Jadranka Pavić, Mateja Krznar, Snježana Čukljek, Biserka Sedić, Štefanija Ozimec Vulinec, Irena Kovačević
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2024; 21(9): 1245.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of the risk of noise-induced hearing loss between male police officers and male non-police officers: a nationwide cohort study using propensity score matching in South Korea
    Woo-Ri Lee, Kyu-Tae Han, Ki-Bong Yoo, Jin-Ha Yoon
    BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Retinal Vascular Occlusions After COVID-19 Vaccination in South Korea: A Nation-Wide Population-Based Study
    Yeji Kim, Kyungdo Han, Jae Hui Kim
    Ophthalmic Epidemiology.2024; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Short-Term and Long-Term Risk of Diabetes Mellitus among Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study
    Seonghye Kim, Kyung-Do Han, Bongseong Kim, Ju-Hong Min, Won Hyuk Chang, In Young Cho, Dong Wook Shin
    Healthcare.2024; 12(18): 1859.     CrossRef
  • Widening disparities in the national prevalence of diabetes mellitus for people with disabilities in South Korea
    I. Hwang, S.Y. Kim, Y.Y. Kim, J.H. Park
    Public Health.2024; 226: 173.     CrossRef
  • Increased Risk of Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, and Atrial Fibrillation After Spinal Cord Injury
    Jung Eun Yoo, Miso Kim, Bongseong Kim, Heesun Lee, Won Hyuk Chang, Jeehyun Yoo, Kyungdo Han, Dong Wook Shin
    Journal of the American College of Cardiology.2024; 83(7): 741.     CrossRef
  • Beyond the Stereotype: Exploring Monetary Donations and Volunteerism Among People With Disabilities
    Jonghwa Lee, Youngeun Son, Ha-Neul Kim
    Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Caregivers' Awareness and Behavior Impacting the Oral Health of Pediatric and Adolescent Patients with Disabilities
    Haesong Kang, Namki Choi, Seonmi Kim
    THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY.2024; 51(4): 459.     CrossRef
  • Longitudinal association between disability and suicide mortality in Republic of Korea
    Hwa-Young Lee, Dong Wook Shin, Kyung-Do Han, Ichiro Kawachi
    International Journal of Epidemiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Increased risk of Parkinson's disease amongst patients with age‐related macular degeneration and visual disability: A nationwide cohort study
    Je Moon Yoon, Dong Hui Lim, Jinyoung Youn, Kyungdo Han, Bong Sung Kim, Wonyoung Jung, Yohwan Yeo, Dong Wook Shin, Don‐Il Ham
    European Journal of Neurology.2023; 30(9): 2641.     CrossRef
  • Increased risk of myocardial infarction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A nationwide cohort study in South Korea
    Soonwook Kwon, Bongseong Kim, Kyung-Do Han, Wonyoung Jung, Eun Bin Cho, Jeong Hoon Yang, Dong Wook Shin, Ju-Hong Min
    Journal of the Neurological Sciences.2023; 454: 120829.     CrossRef
Cancer risk based on alcohol consumption levels: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Seunghee Jun, Hyunjin Park, Ui-Jeong Kim, Eun Jeong Choi, Hye Ah Lee, Bomi Park, Soon Young Lee, Sun Ha Jee, Hyesook Park
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023092.   Published online October 16, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023092
  • 21,838 View
  • 677 Download
  • 11 Web of Science
  • 16 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Alcohol consumption is a well-established risk factor for cancer. Despite extensive research into the relationship between alcohol consumption and cancer risk, the effect of light alcohol consumption on cancer risk remains a topic of debate. To contribute to this discourse, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
Our systematic review aimed to investigate the associations between different levels of alcohol consumption and the risk of several cancer types. We focused on analyzing prospective associations using data from 139 cohort studies. Among them, 106 studies were included in the meta-analysis after a quantitative synthesis.
RESULTS
Our analysis did not find a significant association between light alcohol consumption and all-cause cancer risk (relative risk, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.99 to 1.04), but we observed a dose-response relationship. Light alcohol consumption was significantly associated with higher risks of esophageal, colorectal, and breast cancers. Light to moderate drinking was associated with elevated risks of esophageal, colorectal, laryngeal, and breast cancers. Heavy drinking was also found to contribute to the risk of stomach, liver, pancreas, and prostate cancers, thereby increasing the risk of almost all types of cancer. Additionally, females generally had lower cancer risks compared to males.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings highlight that cancer risks extend beyond heavy alcohol consumption to include light alcohol consumption as well. These findings suggest that there is no safe level of alcohol consumption associated with cancer risk. Our results underscore the importance of public health interventions addressing alcohol consumption to mitigate cancer risks.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 코호트 연구를 기반으로 하여 음주의 수준에 따른 암 위험 연관성에 대해 체계적 문헌고찰(139편)과 메타분석(106편)을 수행하였다. 연구 결과, 음주와 암 위험 사이에 용량-반응 관계가 나타났으며, 소량의 음주는 암 유형에 따라 차이가 있었으나, 식도암, 대장암, 전립선암(남성), 유방암(여성)에서 암 위험과의 연관성이 있음을 발견했다. 따라서, 암 위험 측면에서 음주에 안전한 수준이 없음을 시사하며, 음주와 관련된 잠재적 피해를 완화하기 위해서는 음주 지침 강화와 같은 공중보건개입이 필요하다.
Key Message
The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between different levels of alcohol consumption and the risk of various cancer types through a systematic review and meta-analysis, providing insights into the ongoing debate about alcohol consumption and cancer causality. The findings support a dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption levels and cancer risk and the light alcohol consumption was associated with risks of esophageal, colorectal, prostate (male), and breast (female) cancer. These results emphasize the absence of a safe threshold for alcohol consumption in terms of cancer risk.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Unraveling the bidirectional link between cancer and dementia and the impact of cancer therapies on dementia risk: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
    Liwei Ma, Edwin C. K. Tan, Benjamin Goudey, Liang Jin, Yijun Pan
    Alzheimer's & Dementia.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Associations of lifestyle factors with oral cancer risk: An umbrella review
    Haobo Xu, Zhonglan Gao, Hairong Liu, Liya An, Ting Yang, Bojun Zhang, Guobin LIU, Dali Sun
    Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.2025; : 102234.     CrossRef
  • Estudio bibliométrico de las publicaciones sobre cirugía pancreática realizadas por cirujanos españoles
    Juan Jesús Rubio-García, Celia Villodre Tudela, Cándido Alcázar López, Silvia Carbonell Morote, Mariano Franco Campello, Paola Melgar Requena, Adrián Paredes Segura, José Manuel Ramia Ángel
    Cirugía Española.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Personalized Lifestyle Interventions for Prevention and Treatment of Obesity-Related Cancers: A Call to Action
    Mohamad Motevalli, Fatima Cody Stanford
    Cancers.2025; 17(8): 1255.     CrossRef
  • Bibliometric study of publications on pancreatic surgery carried out by spanish surgeons
    Juan Jesús Rubio-García, Celia Villodre Tudela, Cándido Alcázar López, Silvia Carbonell Morote, Mariano Franco Campello, Paola Melgar Requena, Adrián Paredes Segura, José Manuel Ramia Ángel
    Cirugía Española (English Edition).2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Exploring genetic associations of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis with extraintestinal cancers in European and East Asian populations
    Chengdong Yu, Jiawei Xu, Siyi Xu, Lei Tang, Qinyuan Han, Xiaoqiang Zeng, Yanxiao Huang, Tenghua Yu, Zhengkui Sun
    Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Impact of Tobacco Smoking and Alcohol Consumption on the Development of Gastric Cancers
    Waku Hatta, Tomoyuki Koike, Naoki Asano, Yutaka Hatayama, Yohei Ogata, Masahiro Saito, Xiaoyi Jin, Kaname Uno, Akira Imatani, Atsushi Masamune
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(14): 7854.     CrossRef
  • Genetic Heterogeneity Across Dimensions of Alcohol Use Behaviors
    Jeanne E. Savage, Peter B. Barr, Tanya Phung, Younga H. Lee, Yingzhe Zhang, Vivia V. McCutcheon, Tian Ge, Jordan W. Smoller, Lea K. Davis, Jacquelyn Meyers, Bernice Porjesz, Danielle Posthuma, Travis T. Mallard, Sandra Sanchez-Roige
    American Journal of Psychiatry.2024; 181(11): 1006.     CrossRef
  • To Drink or Not to Drink? Investigating Alcohol’s Impact on Prostate Cancer Risk
    Aris Kaltsas, Michael Chrisofos, Evangelos N. Symeonidis, Athanasios Zachariou, Marios Stavropoulos, Zisis Kratiras, Ilias Giannakodimos, Asterios Symeonidis, Fotios Dimitriadis, Nikolaos Sofikitis
    Cancers.2024; 16(20): 3453.     CrossRef
  • Factors associated with acquiring exercise habits through health guidance for metabolic syndrome among middle-aged Japanese workers: A machine learning approach
    Jiawei Wan, Kyohsuke Wakaba, Takeshi Onoue, Kazuyo Tsushita, Yoshio Nakata
    Preventive Medicine Reports.2024; 48: 102915.     CrossRef
  • Development of an algorithm for identifying paraneoplastic ischemic stroke in association with lung, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer
    Rebecca Kassubek, Marc-Andre G. R. Winter, Jens Dreyhaupt, Mona Laible, Jan Kassubek, Albert C. Ludolph, Jan Lewerenz
    Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Alimentación y cáncer
    Carlos A. González Svatetz
    FMC - Formación Médica Continuada en Atención Primaria.2024; 31(8): 403.     CrossRef
  • Alcohol consumption and its association with cancer, cardiovascular, liver and brain diseases: a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies
    Naouras Bouajila, Cloé Domenighetti, Henri-Jean Aubin, Mickael Naassila
    Frontiers in Epidemiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prévention et dépistage des cancers dans les rhumatismes inflammatoires chroniques
    Elodie Mamou, Laetitia Morardet, Djaha Mogni, Bruno Fautrel, Laure Gossec
    Revue du Rhumatisme.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Global, regional, and national trends in gastric cancer burden: 1990-2021 and projections to 2040
    Tao Zhang, Yiqun Zhang, Xiaofei Leng
    Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Alcohol Consumption and Breast and Ovarian Cancer Development: Molecular Pathways and Mechanisms
    Francesca Fanfarillo, Brunella Caronti, Marco Lucarelli, Silvia Francati, Luigi Tarani, Mauro Ceccanti, Maria Grazia Piccioni, Loredana Verdone, Micaela Caserta, Sabrina Venditti, Giampiero Ferraguti, Marco Fiore
    Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2024; 46(12): 14438.     CrossRef
Original Articles
Risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, thromboembolism, and mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving Janus kinase inhibitors: a real-world retrospective observational study using Korean health insurance data
Hong Ki Min, Hyeongsu Kim, Ho Jin Jeong, Se Hee Kim, Hae-Rim Kim, Sang-Heon Lee, KunSei Lee, Soon-Ae Shin, Jong Heon Park
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023045.   Published online April 15, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023045
  • 10,893 View
  • 341 Download
  • 12 Web of Science
  • 12 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated whether Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) raise the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), venous thromboembolism (VTE), and cancer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
METHODS
We conducted a real-world retrospective observational study using data obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Two data sets were analyzed: tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi)/JAKi-naive RA patients (set 1) and all RA patients who used TNFis or JAKis (set 2). The incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, cardiovascular (CV)-related mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), VTE, arterial thromboembolism (ATE), cancer, and all-cause mortality were compared between the JAKi and TNFi groups.
RESULTS
Set 1 included 1,596 RA patients (JAKi group: 645; TNFi group: 951), and set 2 included 11,765 RA patients (JAKi group: 2,498; TNFi group: 9,267). No adverse events (AEs) showed significantly higher IRRs in the JAKi groups than in the TNFi groups of sets 1 and 2. The HRs for MACE in the JAKi groups of sets 1 and 2 were 0.59 (95% confidence [CI], 0.35 to 0.99) and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.67 to 0.97), respectively. The JAKi group of set 2 showed a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.32 to 2.20), but the other AEs did not demonstrate increased risks in the JAKi groups.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, JAKis did not increase the risk of AMI, stroke, CV-related mortality, MACE, VTE, ATE, or cancer in Korean RA patients relative to TNFis.
Summary
Korean summary
1. 한국인 류마티스관절염 환자를 대상으로 한 실제임상자료 결과, JAK 억제제가 종양괴사인자 억제제에 비해 심혈관질환, 혈전증, 암 등의 심각한 부작용을 증가시키지는 않았다. 2. 본 연구를 토대로 한국인 대상자에서 JAK 억제제가 심혈관질환 등의 심각한 부작용을 증가시키는지에 대한 재평가가 필요하다.
Key Message
1. The real word-data based results showed that risks of MACE, thromboembolism, and cancers were not increased in Korean RA patients with JAK inhibitor when compared to Korean RA patients with TNF inhibitors. 2. Therefore, the risk of serious adverse events of JAK inhibitors in Korean population should be reconsidered and reassessed before adding black box warning of JAK inhibitors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Cardiovascular, cancer, and infection risks of Janus kinase inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis: A nationwide cohort study
    Yongtai Cho, Dongwon Yoon, Farzin Khosrow‐Khavar, Minkyo Song, Eun Ha Kang, Ju Hwan Kim, Ju‐Young Shin
    Journal of Internal Medicine.2025; 297(4): 366.     CrossRef
  • Safety of Janus kinase inhibitors in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases – a systematic literature review informing the 2024 update of an international expert consensus statement
    Victoria Konzett, Josef S. Smolen, Peter Nash, Kevin Winthrop, Daniel Aletaha, Thomas Dörner, Roy Fleischmann, Yoshiya Tanaka, Jette Primdahl, Xenofon Baraliakos, Iain B. McInnes, Michael Trauner, Naveed Sattar, Maarten de Wit, Jan W. Schoones, Andreas Ke
    Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparative safety of JAK inhibitors versus TNF or IL-17 inhibitors for cardiovascular disease and cancer in psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis
    Sizheng Steven Zhao, David Riley, Gema Hernandez, Uazman Alam
    Clinical Therapeutics.2025; 47(4): 293.     CrossRef
  • The Cardiovascular Safety of Tumour Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Arthritic Conditions: A Structured Review with Recommendations
    Jérôme Avouac, Hafid Ait-Oufella, Caroline Habauzit, Salim Benkhalifa, Bernard Combe
    Rheumatology and Therapy.2025; 12(2): 211.     CrossRef
  • Major adverse cardiovascular events or venous thromboembolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis initiating biological or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a nationwide, population-based cohort study
    Chung-Mao Kao, Yen-Ju Chen, Yi-Ming Chen, Der-Yuan Chen, Hsin-Hua Chen
    Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Related to JAK Inhibitors: A Disproportionality Analysis Using the WHO Global Individual Case Safety Database
    Raffaella Di Napoli, Christophe Richez, Cristina Scavone, Allison Singier, Maxime Demourgues, Annamaria Mascolo, Annalisa Capuano, Francesco Salvo
    Drug Safety.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Anniina Virtanen, Francesca Romana Spinelli, Jean Baptiste Telliez, John J. O’Shea, Olli Silvennoinen, Massimo Gadina
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Changes in mental health service utilization before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide database analysis in Korea
Kyoung Hoon Kim, Sang Min Lee, Minha Hong, Kyu-Man Han, Jong-Woo Paik
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023022.   Published online February 14, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023022
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The present study examined the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on mental health service utilization through a comparative analysis of nationwide data regarding inpatient care users, outpatient visits, emergency department (ED) visits, and admissions via the ED before and during the pandemic.
METHODS
Data from approximately 350,000 Koreans diagnosed with mental illness were analyzed in terms of hospitalization, outpatient visits, and ED visits between January 2018 and June 2021. An interrupted time series analysis was conducted to determine the significance of changes in mental health service utilization indicators.
RESULTS
The number of hospital admissions per patient decreased by 1.2% at the start of the pandemic and 0.7% afterward. The length of hospital stay increased by 1.8% at the outbreak of the pandemic, and then decreased by 20.2%. Although the number of outpatients increased, the number of outpatient visits per patient decreased; the number of outpatient visits for schizophrenia (3.4%) and bipolar disorder (3.5%) significantly decreased immediately post-outbreak. The number of ED visits per patient decreased both immediately post-outbreak and afterward, and ED visits for schizophrenia (19.2%), bipolar disorder (22.3%), and depression (17.4%) decreased significantly immediately post-outbreak. Admissions via the ED did not show a significant change immediately post-outbreak.
CONCLUSIONS
Mental health service utilization increased during the pandemic, but medical service use decreased overall, with a particularly significant decrease in ED utilization. As the pandemic worsened, the decline in outpatient visits became more pronounced among those with severe mental illness.
Summary
Korean summary
이 연구는 COVID-19 전후 정신질환 의료서비스 이용 변화를 분석하였다. 팬데믹 기간 중에 정신질환 의료서비스는 전반적으로 감소하였고, 특히 중증 정신질환의 외래 방문이 감소하였다. 따라서, 정신질환자의 진료 연속성을 보장하기 위한 조치가 요구된다.
Key Message
This study examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health service utilization. The mental health service utilization decreased overall after the outbreak of COVID-19, especially outpatient visits for severe mental illness significantly decreased. Therefore, countermeasures are needed to maintain the continuity of care.

Citations

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  • A population-based cohort to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on socioeconomic inequalities in mental health care in Italy (CoMeH): study protocol
    Alessio Petrelli, Massimiliano Aragona, Roberta Ciampichini, Anteo Di Napoli, Valeria Fano, Sara Leone, Martina Pacifici, Claudio Rosini, Caterina Silvestri, Alberto Zucchi, Martina Ventura
    Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Nathaniel A. Sowa, Xiaoming Zeng
    Psychiatric Quarterly.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Jackson Newberry-Dupé, Wanyu Chu, Simon Craig, Rohan Borschmann, Gerard O’Reilly, Paul Yates, Glenn Melvin, Kylie King, Harriet Hiscock
    Psychiatric Quarterly.2024; 95(1): 33.     CrossRef
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    Ga Eun Kim, Min-Woo Jo, Young Eun Kim, Seok-Jun Yoon, Yong-Wook Shin
    JAMA Network Open.2024; 7(7): e2420934.     CrossRef
  • Stigma Experience and Mental Health of Vulnerable Groups: Focusing on the COVID-19 Period
    Sung Moon Choi, Jong-Woo Paik, Myung Jae Paik, Jin Hee Hyun, Sung Eun You, Ah Rah Lee, Sang Min Lee
    Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2024; 63(4): 225.     CrossRef
  • Changes in psychiatric disorder incidence patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea: a study using the nationwide universal health insurance data
    Changwoo Han, Juho Choi, Hoyeon Jang, Hwa-Young Lee, Tarik Benmarhnia, Juhwan Oh
    BMC Psychiatry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to mental health services and socioeconomic inequalities in Italy
    Alessio Petrelli, Martina Ventura, Roberta Ciampichini, Anteo Di Napoli, Valeria Fano, Christian Napoli, Martina Pacifici, Claudio Rosini, Caterina Silvestri, Fabio Voller, Alberto Zucchi, Massimiliano Aragona
    Frontiers in Psychiatry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Trends in telemedicine utilization for mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of a nationwide database in Korea
    Kyoung Hoon Kim, Sang Min Lee, Minha Hong, Kyu-Man Han, Jong-Woo Paik
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  • Admissions to psychiatric inpatient services and use of coercive measures in 2020 in a Swiss psychiatric department: An interrupted time-series analysis
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    PLOS ONE.2023; 18(7): e0289310.     CrossRef
Korea Seroprevalence Study of Monitoring of SARS-COV-2 Antibody Retention and Transmission (K-SEROSMART): findings from national representative sample
Jina Han, Hye Jin Baek, Eunbi Noh, Kyuhyun Yoon, Jung Ae Kim, Sukhyun Ryu, Kay O Lee, No Yai Park, Eunok Jung, Sangil Kim, Hyukmin Lee, Yoo-Sung Hwang, Jaehun Jung, Hun Jae Lee, Sung-il Cho, Sangcheol Oh, Migyeong Kim, Chang-Mo Oh, Byengchul Yu, Young-Seoub Hong, Keonyeop Kim, Sun Jae Jung, Mi Ah Han, Moo-Sik Lee, Jung-Jeung Lee, Young Hwangbo, Hyeon Woo Yim, Yu-Mi Kim, Joongyub Lee, Weon-Young Lee, Jae-Hyun Park, Sungsoo Oh, Heui Sug Jo, Hyeongsu Kim, Gilwon Kang, Hae-Sung Nam, Ju-Hyung Lee, Gyung-Jae Oh, Min-Ho Shin, Soyeon Ryu, Tae-Yoon Hwang, Soon-Woo Park, Sang Kyu Kim, Roma Seol, Ki-Soo Park, Su Young Kim, Jun-wook Kwon, Sung Soon Kim, Byoungguk Kim, June-Woo Lee, Eun Young Jang, Ah-Ra Kim, Jeonghyun Nam, The Korea Community Health Survey Group, Soon Young Lee, Dong-Hyun Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023075.   Published online August 17, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023075
  • 10,751 View
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
We estimated the population prevalence of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), including unreported infections, through a Korea Seroprevalence Study of Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Retention and Transmission (K-SEROSMART) in 258 communities throughout Korea.
METHODS
In August 2022, a survey was conducted among 10,000 household members aged 5 years and older, in households selected through two stage probability random sampling. During face-to-face household interviews, participants self-reported their health status, COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccination history, and general characteristics. Subsequently, participants visited a community health center or medical clinic for blood sampling. Blood samples were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to spike proteins (anti-S) and antibodies to nucleocapsid proteins (anti-N) SARS-CoV-2 proteins using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. To estimate the population prevalence, the PROC SURVEYMEANS statistical procedure was employed, with weighting to reflect demographic data from July 2022.
RESULTS
In total, 9,945 individuals from 5,041 households were surveyed across 258 communities, representing all basic local governments in Korea. The overall population-adjusted prevalence rates of anti-S and anti-N were 97.6% and 57.1%, respectively. Since the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency has reported a cumulative incidence of confirmed cases of 37.8% through July 31, 2022, the proportion of unreported infections among all COVID-19 infection was suggested to be 33.9%.
CONCLUSIONS
The K-SEROSMART represents the first nationwide, community-based seroepidemiologic survey of COVID-19, confirming that most individuals possess antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and that a significant number of unreported cases existed. Furthermore, this study lays the foundation for a surveillance system to continuously monitor transmission at the community level and the response to COVID-19.
Summary
Korean summary
인구집단을 기반으로 하여 대표성 있는 표본을 추출하여 COVID-19 항체유병률 조사를 전국적으로 수행함으로 지역사회 단위에서 지속적으로 모니터링할 수 있는 COVID-19 감시체계 구축의 기반을 마련하였다. 2022년 8월 우리나라 국민의 대부분이 COVID-19에 대한 항체를 보유하고 있었고 인구 3명 중 1명은 미확진 감염자로 추정되었다.
Key Message
The K-SEROSMART represents the first nationwide, community-based seroepidemiologic survey of COVID-19. In August 2022, most of the Korean people had antibodies to COVID-19, and one in three people was estimated to have an unreported infection. This study lays the foundation for a surveillance system to continuously monitor transmission at the community level and the response to COVID-19.

Citations

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  • Modeling vaccination prioritization strategies for post-pandemic COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea accounting for under-reporting and age-structure
    Geunsoo Jang, Jihyeon Kim, Robin N. Thompson, Hyojung Lee
    Journal of Infection and Public Health.2025; 18(4): 102688.     CrossRef
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    Young Hoon Hwang, Dal-Hee Min, Wan Beom Park
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    Ploy Pattanakitsakul, Chanya Pongpatipat, Chavachol Setthaudom, Mongkol Kunakorn, Thiantip Sahakijpicharn, Anannit Visudtibhan, Nopporn Apiwattanakul, Surapat Assawawiroonhakarn, Uthen Pandee, Chonnamet Techasaensiri, Sophida Boonsathorn, Sujittra Chaisav
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    In Hwa Jeong, Jong-Hun Kim, Min-Jung Kwon, Jayoung Kim, Hee Jin Huh, Byoungguk Kim, Junewoo Lee, Jeong-hyun Nam, Eun-Suk Kang
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    Wan Beom Park, Young Hoon Hwang, Ki Tae Kwon, Ji Yun Noh, Sun Hee Park, Joon Young Song, Eun Ju Choo, Min Joo Choi, Jun Yong Choi, Jung Yeon Heo, Won Suk Choi
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Parental concerns about COVID-19 vaccine safety and hesitancy in Korea: implications for vaccine communication
Hye-Kyung Cho, Hyunju Lee, Young June Choe, Shinkyeong Kim, Sujin Seo, Jiwon Moon, Eun Hwa Choi, Geun-Yong Kwon, Jee Yeon Shin, Sang-Yoon Choi, Mi Jin Jeong, Myoungsoon You
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023004.   Published online December 13, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023004
  • 10,286 View
  • 171 Download
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Vaccination is one of the most important strategies to contain the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccination in children is dependent on their parents, making it important to understand parents’ awareness and attitudes toward vaccines in order to devise strategies to raise vaccination rates in children.
METHODS
A web-based nationwide survey was conducted among Korean parents of 7-year-old to 18-year-old children in August 2021 to estimate parents’ intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 and identify key factors affecting parental acceptance and hesitancy through regression analysis.
RESULTS
Approximately 56.4% (575/1,019) were willing to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. Contributing factors to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were being a mother (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25 to 0.52), a lower education level (aOR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.97), hesitancy to other childhood vaccines (aOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.96), and refusal to vaccinate themselves (aOR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.20). Having older children (aOR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.28), trusting the child’s doctor (aOR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.32), positive perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine’s effectiveness (aOR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.90 to 3.57) and perceiving the COVID-19 vaccine as low-risk (aOR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.27 to 2.24) were associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Concerns about adverse reactions were the most common cause of hesitancy.
CONCLUSIONS
Providing parents with accurate and reliable information on vaccine effectiveness and safety is important to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake in children. Differential or targeted approaches to parents according to gender, age, and their children’s age are necessary for effective communication about vaccination in children.
Summary
Korean summary
부모에게 백신 효과와 안전성에 대한 정확하고 믿을만한 정보를 제공하는 것이 소아 코로나19 백신 접종률을 높이는데 중요하다. 자녀의 백신 접종에 대한 의사소통을 효율적으로 하기 위해서는 부모의 성별과 연령, 자녀의 연령을 고려한 차별적인 접근 방법이 필요하다.
Key Message
To improve COVID-19 vaccine uptake in children, it's crucial to provide parents with reliable and precise information about vaccine safety and effectiveness. Targeted communication strategies that consider factors such as the age of the parents and their children, as well as gender, may be necessary to effectively convey this information.

Citations

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  • Safety of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in children with chronic kidney disease: a national population study from South Korea
    Young June Choe, Yo-Han Ahn, Eunsun Gwak, Eunseo Jo, Jinseob Kim, Seung-Ah Choe
    Pediatric Nephrology.2024; 39(2): 625.     CrossRef
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    Seunghyun Lewis Kwon, So-Yeon Kim, Minju Song, Hyung-Min Lee, Seon-Hwa Ban, Mi-Soon Lee, Hyesun Jeong
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    Vivek Mehta, Deep Inder, Pawan Kumar, Anupma Raheja
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    Mijeong Ko, Seontae Kim, Seok-Kyoung Choi, Seung Hwan Shin, Yeon-Kyeng Lee, Yunhyung Kwon
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    Marzieh Tavakol, Saber Gharagozlou, Mohammad Abbasi, Zahra Zamani, Mohammad Gharagozlou
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    Emily A. Andrews, Nathan Walter, Yotam Ophir, Dror Walter, Christiana L. Robbins
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  • Willingness and hesitancy of parents to vaccinate against COVID-19 their children ages 6 months to 4 years with frail conditions in Italy
    Grazia Miraglia del Giudice, Giorgia Della Polla, Mario Postiglione, Italo Francesco Angelillo
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    Maria Kyprianidou, Georgia Fakonti, Eleana Tzira, Magdalini Pylli, Konstantinos Giannakou
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National trends and projection of chronic kidney disease incidence according to etiology from 1990 to 2030 in Iran: a Bayesian age-period-cohort modeling study
Fatemeh Shahbazi, Amin Doosti-Irani, Alireza Soltanian, Jalal Poorolajal
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023027.   Published online February 17, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023027
  • 9,014 View
  • 216 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide. Predicting CKD incidence rates and case numbers at the national and global levels is vital for planning CKD prevention programs.
METHODS
Data on CKD incidence rates and case numbers in Iran from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease online database. The average annual percentage change was computed to determine the temporal trends in CKD age-standardized incidence rates from 1990 to 2019. A Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict the CKD incidence rate and case numbers through 2030.
RESULTS
Nationally, CKD cases increased from 97,300 in 1990 to 315,500 in 2019. The age-specific CKD incidence rate increased from 168.52 per 100,000 to 382.98 per 100,000 during the same period. Between 2020 and 2030, the number of CKD cases is projected to rise to 423,300. The age-specific CKD incidence rate is projected to increase to 469.04 in 2030 (95% credible interval, 399.20 to 538.87). In all age groups and etiological categories, the CKD incidence rate is forecasted to increase by 2030.
CONCLUSIONS
CKD case numbers and incidence rates are anticipated to increase in Iran through 2030. The high level of CKD incidence in people with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis, as well as in older people, suggests a deficiency of attention to these populations in current prevention plans and highlights their importance in future programs for the national control of CKD.
Summary
Key Message
Based on our findings, it is predicted that the number of chronic kidney patients in Iran will reach 423,300 people by 2030. Additionally, the age-specific incidence rate of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is projected to increase to 469.04 in the same year. The CKD incidence rate is forecasted to increase by 2030 in all age groups and etiological categories, including type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and other causes.

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COVID-19: Health Statistics
Changes in the management of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia in Korean adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: data from the 2010-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Yoonjung Kim, Suyeon Park, Kyungwon Oh, Hongseok Choi, Eun Kyeong Jeong
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023014.   Published online February 1, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023014
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to analyze the changes in chronic disease management indicators, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesteremia, from 2010-2020 and before (2019) and during (2020) the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
METHODS
This study included 58,504 individuals aged ≥30 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2020. Trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of chronic diseases and the difference in those between before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed using the SAS program PROC SURVEYREG.
RESULTS
From 2010-2020, the awareness, treatment, and control in adults aged ≥30 years for hypertension and hypercholesterolemia continuously improved, whereas no significant change in the management indicators of diabetes mellitus was observed. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia in men increased from before to during the COVID- 19 pandemic. However, there was no significant change in the management indicators of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in men and women, and the awareness, treatment, and control rates for hypercholesterolemia increased by 5.5%p, 6.9%p, and 4.1%p respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
In 2020, the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia increased, but the management indicators of the chronic diseases did not significantly deteriorate. Considering the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to monitor changes in chronic disease management indicators and to develop efficient and accessible chronic disease prevention and management programs.
Summary
Korean summary
국민건강영양조사 자료를 분석한 결과 11년간(2010-2020년) 성인의 고혈압, 고콜레스테롤혈증 인지율, 치료율, 치료자 중 조절률은 개선된 반면 당뇨병은 변화가 없었다. 코로나19 유행 전(2019년)·후(2020년) 비교시 남자에서 고혈압, 당뇨병, 고콜레스테롤혈증 유병률이 증가했다. 그러나 고혈압, 당뇨병 관리지표는 변화가 없었고, 고콜레스테롤혈증 관리지표만 개선되었다.
Key Message
The rates of awareness, treatment, and control in adults aged ≥30 years for hypertension and hypercholesterolemia continuously improved, whereas no significant change in the management indicators of diabetes mellitus was observed over the past 11 years (2010-2020). The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia in men increased from before (2019) to during (2020) the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there was no significant change in the management indicators of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in men and women, and that of hypercholesterolemia improved.

Citations

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Original Articles
Associations of the magnesium depletion score and magnesium intake with diabetes among US adults: an analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018
Zhong Tian, Shifang Qu, Yana Chen, Jiaxin Fang, Xingxu Song, Kai He, Kexin Jiang, Xiaoyue Sun, Jianyang Shi, Yuchun Tao, Lina Jin
Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024020.   Published online January 10, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024020
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The magnesium depletion score (MDS) is considered more reliable than traditional approaches for predicting magnesium deficiency in humans. We explored the associations of MDS and dietary magnesium intake with diabetes.
METHODS
We obtained data from 18,853 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018. Using multivariate regression and stratified analysis, we investigated the relationships of both MDS and magnesium intake with diabetes. To compute prevalence ratios (PRs), we employed modified Poisson or log-binomial regression. We characterized the non-linear association between magnesium intake and diabetes using restricted cubic spline analysis.
RESULTS
Participants with MDS ≥2 exhibited a PR of 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19 to 1.34) for diabetes. Per-standard deviation (SD) increase in dietary magnesium intake was associated with a lower prevalence of diabetes (PR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.96). Subgroup analyses revealed a positive association between MDS ≥2 and diabetes across all levels of dietary magnesium intake, including the lowest (PR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.55), middle (PR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.35), and highest tertiles (PR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.37; pinteraction<0.001). Per-SD increase in magnesium intake was associated with lower diabetes prevalence in participants with MDS <2 (PR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.98) and those with MDS ≥2 (PR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.98; pinteraction=0.030).
CONCLUSIONS
MDS is associated with diabetes, particularly among individuals with low magnesium intake. Adequate dietary magnesium intake may reduce diabetes risk, especially in those with high MDS.
Summary
Key Message
The relationship between magnesium intake and risk is currently understudied in the field of diabetes prevention. The study found that magnesium deficiency is associated with diabetes risk, especially in people with low magnesium intake. Dietary magnesium supplementation may reduce risk and provide a new strategy for diabetes prevention. This study fills this knowledge gap and is important for scientific understanding of diabetes pathogenesis and epidemiological prevention and control.

Citations

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  • Magnesium Depletion Score and Mortality in Individuals with Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease over a Median Follow-Up of 26 Years
    Lei Fan, Xiangzhu Zhu, Xinyuan Zhang, Shakirat Salvador, Xuehong Zhang, Martha J. Shrubsole, Manhal J. Izzy, Qi Dai
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    Hao Zhang, Liping Kuang, Qiang Wan, Amirmohammad Khalaji
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  • Magnesium Matters: A Comprehensive Review of Its Vital Role in Health and Diseases
    Ghizal Fatima, Andrej Dzupina, Hekmat B Alhmadi, Aminat Magomedova, Zainab Siddiqui, Ammar Mehdi, Najah Hadi
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    Jiahao Wang, Yunfei Xiao, Yaqing Yang, Shan Yin, Jianwei Cui, Ke Huang, Jia Wang, Yunjin Bai
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Body mass index and prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Korean adults before and after the COVID-19 outbreak: a retrospective longitudinal study
Joo-Eun Jeong, Hoon-Ki Park, Hwan-Sik Hwang, Kye-Yeung Park, Myoung-Hye Lee, Seon-Hi Shin, Nayeon Choi
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023081.   Published online August 29, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023081
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Studies evaluating weight changes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have yielded inconsistent results, and most of those studies were based on self-reported anthropometric measures. We investigated changes in body mass index (BMI), professionally measured waist circumference (WC), and metabolic syndrome components from before to during the pandemic in a sample of the adult population in Korea.
METHODS
This retrospective study included 1,118 male and female (age≥18 years) who underwent health checkups at a university medical center between January 1, 2016 and March 31, 2022. Changes in BMI, lifestyles, and metabolic syndrome components during the pandemic were analyzed using the paired t-test, McNemar test, generalized estimating equations, and repeated-measures analysis of variance.
RESULTS
Changes in body weight, BMI, and body fat percentage during the pandemic were not clinically significant. However, statistically significant results were found for decreased physical activity (p<0.001) and WC (p<0.001), and exacerbation of all metabolic syndrome components (except serum triglyceride levels). Moreover, the metabolic syndrome prevalence increased significantly from 20.2% to 31.2% during the pandemic (p<0.001). The prevalence of abdominal obesity and high fasting blood glucose levels also significantly increased from 2019 to 2021.
CONCLUSIONS
Metabolic syndrome, its components, and fat distribution worsened significantly after the implementation of social distancing and lockdowns, despite no clinically significant changes in body weight and BMI. Further studies on the post- pandemic period should investigate the long-term impact of social lockdowns on BMI and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구에서는 한국인 성인들의 코로나 팬대믹으로 인한 사회적 거리 두기, 봉쇄 정책 전 후의 체질량지수, 생활습관, 그리고 대사증후군과 그 구성 요소들의 변화를 건강검진을 통해 측정한 객관적인 지표의 변화를 통해 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 사회적 거리 두기 및 봉쇄 전후의 체질량지수와 체중은 유의미한 변화가 없었으나, 신체 활동량은 유의미하게 감소하였고, 체지방률, 허리둘레가 늘어났다. 그리고 중성지방을 제외하고 다른 대사증후군의 구성 요소인 혈압, 고밀도지단백 콜레스테롤, 공복혈당 지표는 악화되었다. 하위 그룹 분석에서 매년 검진을 시행 받은 대상자들 및 고혈압, 당뇨병, 이상지질혈증 약을 복용하지 않는 대상자들의 코로나-19 전후 연도별 대사 지표의 변화를 분석한 결과, 복부비만 유병률과 공복 혈당의 증가 양상이 뚜렷하였다.
Key Message
Although there was no significant change in BMI and weight, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, and fasting blood glucose level prominently worsened after the implementation of social distancing and lockdowns. Such findings may indicate deterioration of insulin resistance during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides valuable information for healthcare professionals, policymakers, and the general public towards mitigating the negative consequences of the pandemic on metabolic health, regardless of weight gain.

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  • Trends in the Incidence of Retinal Artery and Vein Occlusion Before and After COVID-19: A National Study in South Korea (2017-2022)
    JIN CHO, NANG KYEONG LEE, JIN YEONG KIM, CHRISTOPHER SEUNGKYU LEE, SUK HO BYEON, SUNG SOO KIM, SEUNG WON LEE, YONG JOON KIM
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COVID-19: Special Article
Changes in health behaviors and obesity of Korean adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a special report using the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Chang-Mo Oh, Yangha Kim, Jieun Yang, Sunhye Choi, Kyungwon Oh
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023018.   Published online February 14, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023018
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate changes in health behaviors, including cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, dietary behaviors, and obesity, before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic using the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (KYRBS) database.
METHODS
KYRBS data from 2015 to 2021 were used in this study. Differences in health behaviors between before (pre-pandemic period: 2018-2019) and during (pandemic period: 2020-2021) the pandemic were examined. Differences were compared using linear regression and the chi-square test considering the complex survey design after adjusting for grade level.
RESULTS
The prevalence of current cigarette smoking and current alcohol drinking significantly decreased in both male and female students during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. However, the prevalence of obesity significantly increased in both male and female students during the same period. When examining physical activity and dietary behaviors closely related to obesity, fast food consumption increased and fruit consumption decreased during the pandemic in both male and female students, whereas no significant changes in physical activity were observed in either male or female students.
CONCLUSIONS
The deterioration of adolescent dietary behaviors and an increase in the prevalence of obesity can increase the future disease burden, and concerted efforts at the individual and national levels are needed to reduce obesity and promote healthy dietary behaviors.
Summary
Korean summary
이 연구는 한국 청소년건강행태조사자료(KYRBS)를 사용하여 코로나19 유행 전후의 우리나라 청소년들의 흡연, 음주, 신체활동, 식습관, 비만 등의 건강행태의 변화에 대하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 이 연구에서는 2015년부터 2021년까지의 청소년건강행태조사자료를 사용하여, 코로나19 유행 이전 (2018-2019년)과 코로나 유행 이후 (2020-2021년) 기간의 건강행태의 변화에 대하여 조사하였다. 학년레벨을 보정한 후, 복합표본설계를 고려하여 로지스틱 회귀분석과 카이제곱검정을 이용하여 코로나19 유행 이전 (2018-2019년)과 비교하여, 코로나 유행 이후 (2020-2021년) 기간의 건강행태의 변화가 있었는지에 대하여 확인하였다. 그 결과, 코로나19 유행 이전 (2018-2019년)과 비교하여, 코로나19 유행 기간(2020-2021년) 동안에 현재흡연율과 현재음주율이 유의하게 감소하였다. 그러나 동일한 기간 동안에 남학생과 여학생 모두에서 비만율이 유의하게 증가하였는데, 비만율과 관련된 신체활동 및 식습관에 대하여 살펴보았을 때, 신체활동에서는 유의한 변화가 없었던 반면, 남학생과 여학생 모두에서 패스트푸드 섭취는 증가하고 과일섭취가 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 코로나19 유행기간 동안 흡연율 및 음주율 등의 청소년 건강에 유익한 변화도 있었으나, 비만율도 같이 증가한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 청소년기의 식습관의 악화 및 비만율의 증가는 미래 우리나라의 질병부담을 증가시킬 수 있기 때문에, 청소년의 비만율을 낮추고 건강한 식습관을 증진시키기 위한 개인 및 사회 차원의 노력이 필요하다.
Key Message
-The current cigarette smoking and current alcohol drinking rates significantly decreased among Korean adolescents during the pandemic period compared to the pre-pandemic period. -On the other hand, the obesity rate increased significantly especially among Korean male adolescents, which is accompanied by changes in dietary habits such as an increase in fast food intake and a decrease in fruit intake.

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Original Articles
Predictive ability of the Chinese visceral adiposity index for incident hypertension in working-aged Koreans
Ju Young Jung, Chang-Mo Oh, Hyun chul Jo, Sung Keun Park
Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024034.   Published online February 27, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024034
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) was developed to assess visceral adipose tissue in the Asian population. This study evaluated the predictive ability of the CVAI for incident hypertension in Korean adults.
METHODS
The study participants included 128,577 Koreans without hypertension. They were grouped in quartiles according to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), visceral adipose index (VAI), and CVAI values. The Cox proportional hazard assumption was used to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident hypertension (adjusted HR [95% CI]) according to quartile level across a follow-up period of 6.9 years. Subgroup analyses were conducted by gender and obesity. The area under the curve was calculated to compare the predictive abilities of all indices (BMI, WC, VAI, and CVAI) for incident hypertension.
RESULTS
The CVAI was proportionally associated with the risk of hypertension in all participants (quartile 1: reference; quartile 2: 1.71 [95% CI, 1.59 to 1.82]; quartile 3: 2.41 [95% CI, 2.25 to 2.58]; and quartile 4: 3.46 [95% CI, 3.23 to 3.71]). Time dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the CVAI was superior to BMI, WC, and VAI in predicting hypertension at the 2-year, 4-year, 6-year, and 8-year follow-ups. This finding was also observed in the gender and obesity subgroups. The predictive ability of the CVAI was greater in the women and non-obese subgroups than in the men and obese subgroups.
CONCLUSIONS
The CVAI was a stronger predictor of hypertension than BMI, WC, and VAI.
Summary
Korean summary
고혈압은 심혈관 질환의 주요 원인이다. 내장 지방은 비만에서 고혈압의 병태 생리에 중요한 역할을 한다. 최근의 연구는 Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI)가 다른 비만 지표 보다 아시아 인에서 심혈관 질환의 고 위험군을 더욱 잘 구분해 낸다는 것을 보고하였다. 우리는 체질량 지수, 허리 둘레, visceral adiposity index, CVAI의 고혈압에 대한 예측력을 비교 하였다. 우리의 연구는 CVAI가 고혈압을 예측하는데 있어 다른 지표 보다 우월하다는 것을 보여주었다.
Key Message
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It is known that visceral adiposity has an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in obesity. Recent studies have demonstrated that Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) is more discriminative the high risk group for cardiovascular disease in Asians than other obesity indices. We compared the predictive ability for the development hypertension among body mass index, waist circumference, visceral adiposity index, and CVAI. Our study showed that CVAI is superior to predict hypertension than other indices.

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    Ge Liu, Lu Cao, Hongwei Wen, Mengna Liu, Xinxin He, Mengdi Wang, Yijia Su, Fan Xu, Jingli Kong, Canjie Piao, Aijun Xu, Ming Zhang, Fulan Hu, Dongsheng Hu, Yang Zhao
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Association between dietary and behavioral-based oxidative balance score and phenotypic age acceleration: a cross-sectional study of Americans
Dongzhe Wu, Yulin Shen, Chaoyi Qu, Peng Huang, Xue Geng, Jianhong Zhang, Zhijian Rao, Qiangman Wei, Shijie Liu, Jiexiu Zhao
Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024023.   Published online January 18, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024023
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
In light of the rise in the global aging population, this study investigated the potential of the oxidative balance score (OBS) as an indicator of phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) to better understand and potentially slow down aging.
METHODS
Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected between 2001 and 2010, including 13,142 United States adults (48.7% female and 51.2% male) aged 20 and above, OBS and PhenoAgeAccel were calculated. Weighted generalized linear regression models were employed to explore the associations between OBS and PhenoAgeAccel, including a sex-specific analysis.
RESULTS
The OBS demonstrated significant variability across various demographic and health-related factors. There was a clear negative correlation observed between the higher OBS quartiles and PhenoAgeAccel, which presented sex-specific results: the negative association between OBS and PhenoAgeAccel was more pronounced in male than in female. An analysis using restricted cubic splines revealed no significant non-linear relationships. Interaction effects were noted solely in the context of sex and hyperlipidemia.
CONCLUSIONS
A higher OBS was significantly associated with a slower aging process, as measured by lower PhenoAgeAccel. These findings underscore the importance of OBS as a biomarker in the study of aging and point to sex and hyperlipidemia as variables that may affect this association. Additional research is required to confirm these results and to investigate the biological underpinnings of this relationship.
Summary
Key Message
• The study found a significant negative correlation between the oxidative balance score (OBS) and phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel), with higher OBS associated with slower biological aging. This association was more pronounced in males, and significant in individuals with high cholesterol.
• OBS can serve as an effective biomarker for studying the aging process and its association with lifestyle and dietary factors.

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    Cong Liu, Jiju Yang, Hongdian Li, Yuanyuan Deng, Pengfei He, Jiao Zhang, Mianzhi Zhang
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Dongzhe Wu, Yishuai Jia, Yujia Liu, Mingyu Shang
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Dongzhe Wu, Peng Huang, Xue Geng, Chaoyi Qu, Zhijian Rao, Jianhong Zhang, Yulin Shen, Qiangman Wei, Shijie Liu, Jiexiu Zhao
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Trends in the effects of socioeconomic position on physical activity levels and sedentary behavior among Korean adolescents
Hunju Lee, Hyowon Choi, Sang Baek Koh, Hyeon Chang Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023085.   Published online September 8, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023085
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
We examined trends in physical activity and sedentary behavior in Korean adolescents, and their association with socioeconomic position (SEP).
METHODS
We used data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a nationwide study involving students aged 12-19 conducted between 2009 and 2021. SEP was assessed based on economic status, parental education attainment, and urbanization. Physical activity was categorized into vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, and muscle training, and sedentary time was also measured. We conducted the log-binomial regression to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) and prevalence differences.
RESULTS
Our analysis included a total of 593,896 students. We observed an increasing trend in physical activity, but a worsening trend in sedentary behavior. A positive association was found between an adolescent’s physical activity and SEP indicators, except for urbanization. Adolescents with higher economic status engaged in more vigorous physical activity (high: PR, 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25 to 1.28; middle: PR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.04). Similar associations were observed for father’s education (tertiary or above: PR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.13; upper secondary: PR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.07) and mother’s education (tertiary or above: PR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.20; upper secondary: PR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.08). Adolescents with higher economic status also showed a higher compliance rate with the guideline restricting sedentary time to 2 hours per day (high: PR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.30; middle: PR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Adolescents with higher SEP exhibited more physical activity and less sedentary time than those with lower SEP.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 2009년부터 2021년까지 청소년의 사회경제적 지위가 신체활동과 좌식생활습관에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 청소년의 경제적 상태, 아버지와 어머니의 교육수준이 높을수록 청소년의 신체활동이 증가하고 좌식생활이 감소하였다. 그러나 청소년이 사는 지역의 도시화 정도는 영향을 미치지 않았다.
Key Message
This article analyzes the effects of an adolescent's socio-economic position on their physical activity and sedentary behavior from 2009 to 2021. The higher the adolescent's economic status, father's education, or mother's education, the more they engaged in physical activity and the less time they spent in sedentary behaviors. However, the level of urbanization in the area where the adolescent resided had no effect.

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    Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics.2025; 68(1): 16.     CrossRef
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    PLOS ONE.2025; 20(2): e0314930.     CrossRef
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Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research and Korean Cancer Prevention Guidelines and cancer risk: a prospective cohort study from the Health Examinees-Gem study
Jeeyoo Lee, Aesun Shin, Woo-Kyoung Shin, Ji-Yeob Choi, Daehee Kang, Jong-Koo Lee
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023070.   Published online August 1, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023070
  • 9,400 View
  • 223 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to explore the association between adherence to 2 cancer prevention recommendations and cancer risk.
METHODS
In total, 104,386 individuals aged 40-69 years old who were recruited between 2004 and 2013 in the Health Examinees-Gem study were included. Adherence scores were constructed based on 8 items from the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) cancer prevention recommendations, including body weight, physical activity, diet, alcohol consumption and breastfeeding, and on 6 items from the Korean cancer prevention guidelines (smoking status, eating vegetables and fruits, salty foods, alcohol intake, physical activity, and body weight). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the associations between adherence scores and the risk of total and 5 major cancers.
RESULTS
The multivariable hazard ratio (HR) for total cancer with the high adherence score versus the lowest score (4.25-7.00 vs. 0.00-3.25) for the WCRF/AICR guidelines was 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82 to 1.00) in men. A reduced breast cancer risk was observed among women with the highest score. Men within the highest category of the Korean cancer prevention guideline score (3.25-6.00) had an HR of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.73 to 0.88) for developing total cancer compared to men within the lowest score (0.00-2.50). The higher adherence group among men showed lower risks of developing stomach, colorectal, and lung cancers.
CONCLUSIONS
Adhering to guidelines for cancer prevention can help to reduce the risk of developing cancer in Korean men. The association might differ by cancer type and gender.
Summary
Korean summary
- 암예방 가이드라인 준수가 실제로 암 발생을 예방하는지에 대한 해외 연구들이 다수 있으나 한국을 포함한 아시아 국가에서 수행된 연구는 없다. - 국제암연구재단 암예방수칙과 한국 암예방수칙을 준수하는 한국인 남성에서 암 발생 감소가 관찰되었다. 이러한 관련성은 암종에 따라 다르게 나타났다.
Key Message
- The adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) guidelines on cancer prevention has been addressed in several studies in Western countries. -Among the Korean population, adherence to WCRF/AICR cancer prevention guidelines as well as the Korean cancer prevention guidelines helps prevent cancer in men. Association varies by gender and type of cancer.

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    Beata Stasiewicz, Lidia Wadolowska, Maciej Biernacki, Malgorzata Anna Slowinska, Ewa Stachowska
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    Nutrients.2024; 16(23): 4049.     CrossRef
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