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Trends in the effects of socioeconomic position on physical activity levels and sedentary behavior among Korean adolescents
Hunju Lee, Hyowon Choi, Sang Baek Koh, Hyeon Chang Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023085.   Published online September 8, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023085
  • 5,713 View
  • 157 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
We examined trends in physical activity and sedentary behavior in Korean adolescents, and their association with socioeconomic position (SEP).
METHODS
We used data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a nationwide study involving students aged 12-19 conducted between 2009 and 2021. SEP was assessed based on economic status, parental education attainment, and urbanization. Physical activity was categorized into vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, and muscle training, and sedentary time was also measured. We conducted the log-binomial regression to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) and prevalence differences.
RESULTS
Our analysis included a total of 593,896 students. We observed an increasing trend in physical activity, but a worsening trend in sedentary behavior. A positive association was found between an adolescent’s physical activity and SEP indicators, except for urbanization. Adolescents with higher economic status engaged in more vigorous physical activity (high: PR, 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25 to 1.28; middle: PR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.04). Similar associations were observed for father’s education (tertiary or above: PR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.13; upper secondary: PR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.07) and mother’s education (tertiary or above: PR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.20; upper secondary: PR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.08). Adolescents with higher economic status also showed a higher compliance rate with the guideline restricting sedentary time to 2 hours per day (high: PR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.30; middle: PR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Adolescents with higher SEP exhibited more physical activity and less sedentary time than those with lower SEP.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 2009년부터 2021년까지 청소년의 사회경제적 지위가 신체활동과 좌식생활습관에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 청소년의 경제적 상태, 아버지와 어머니의 교육수준이 높을수록 청소년의 신체활동이 증가하고 좌식생활이 감소하였다. 그러나 청소년이 사는 지역의 도시화 정도는 영향을 미치지 않았다.
Key Message
This article analyzes the effects of an adolescent's socio-economic position on their physical activity and sedentary behavior from 2009 to 2021. The higher the adolescent's economic status, father's education, or mother's education, the more they engaged in physical activity and the less time they spent in sedentary behaviors. However, the level of urbanization in the area where the adolescent resided had no effect.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Using structural equation modeling to explore the influences of physical activity, mental health, well-being, and loneliness on Douyin usage at bedtime
    Hongcheng Luo, Xing Zhang, Songpeng Su, Mingyang Zhang, Mingyue Yin, Siyuan Feng, Rui Peng, Hansen Li
    Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Association between Social Isolation and Physical Activity among Korean Adolescents
    Sarang Jang, Na-Young Park
    Children.2024; 11(8): 1003.     CrossRef
Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and cardiovascular disease risk in Korea: a trajectory analysis
Jina Han, Yeong Jun Ju, Soon Young Lee
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023028.   Published online February 22, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023028
  • 6,614 View
  • 252 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
To identify the distinct trajectories of sedentary behavior (SB) and explore whether reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk was associated with a distinct trajectory of physical activity (PA).
METHODS
We analyzed data from 6,425 people who participated in the Korean Health Panel Survey over a period of 10 years. The participants’ self-reported SB and PA were assessed annually, and trajectory groups were identified using a group-based trajectory model for longitudinal data analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between CVD risk (10-year cumulative incidence) and the trajectories of SB and PA. The adjusted variables included socio-demographic factors, the predisposing diseases of CVD, and baseline health behaviors.
RESULTS
Trajectory analysis identified 4 SB trajectory groups: SB group 1 (low and slightly increasing trend, 53.1%), SB group 2 (high and rapidly decreasing trend, 14.7%), SB group 3 (high and slightly decreasing trend, 9.9%), and SB group 4 (low and rapidly increasing trend, 22.2%). The 3 PA trajectory groups were PA group 1 (moderate and slightly decreasing trend, 32.1%), PA group 2 (low and slightly decreasing trend, 57.3%), and PA group 3 (maintained inactivity, 10.7%). By the 10-year follow-up, 577 cases of incident CVD had occurred. We also noted a 50% reduction in the risk of CVD when SB group 4 was accompanied by PA group 1 (odds ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.28 to 0.90).
CONCLUSIONS
Despite increased time spent in SB, maintaining PA about 2 days to 3 days per week reduced the occurrence of CVD.
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effects of physical activity and sedentary behaviors on cardiovascular disease and the risk of all-cause mortality in overweight or obese middle-aged and older adults
    Yongqiang Zhang, Xia Liu
    Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Modulating the Expression of Exercise-induced lncRNAs: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Progression
    Li-Hua Yu, Ge-Lin Zhang
    Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Joint association of sedentary behavior and physical activity domains with depression in Korean adults: Cross-sectional study combining four biennial surveys (2016–2022)
    Sungjin Park, June-Hee Lee, Rashid Menhas
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(10): e0312029.     CrossRef
Secular trends and related factors in leisure-time sedentary behavior among Koreans: an analysis of data from the 2011-2017 Korea Community Health Survey
Hyun-Ju Seo, Min-Jung Choi, Soon-Ki Ahn
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022023.   Published online February 14, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022023
  • 12,291 View
  • 433 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Sedentary behavior has gradually increased and has become a public health problem. Therefore, this study investigated trends in weekday leisure-time sedentary behaviors, as well as characteristic socio-demographic and lifestyle correlates in Korean adults.
METHODS
We analyzed data from 914,946 adults aged ≥19 years who participated in the Korea Community Health Survey (2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017). Leisure-time sedentary behavior was categorized as a binary variable (<4 and ≥4 hr/day). Multivariable regression analysis was used to model the prevalence of sedentary behavior and estimate odds ratios.
RESULTS
The prevalence of leisure-time sedentary behavior decreased from 15.2% to 14.4% in men and from 16.6% to 16.0% in women between 2011 and 2017, respectively. However, a significant increase was observed in subjects with an education lower than high school in both genders (β coefficient=0.12 for men and 0.08 for women, p for trend <0.001). Women in the lowest household income level (β coefficient=0.08, p for trend=0.001) and with poor subjective health status (β coefficient=0.05, p for trend=0.013) showed an increasing trend. Other factors associated with sedentary behavior were age, education level, body mass index, household income, walking activity, perceived stress level, and subjective health status in both genders.
CONCLUSIONS
Identifying the secular trends and correlates of sedentary behavior by gender and associated factors will provide empirical evidence for developing public health campaigns and promotion programs to reduce sedentary behavior in Koreans.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 지역사회건강조사에서 2011년부터 2017년까지 격년으로 수집된 성인의 좌식행동에 대한 시간적 추세와 관련 요인에 대해 분석한 시계열 단면연구이다. 분석결과, 주중 여가시간에 4시간 이상 앉아 있는 경우는 남성의 경우 15.2%에서 14.4%로, 여성의 경우 16.6%에서 16.0%로 감소되었다. 그러나, 남녀 모두에서 노인인 경우, 중졸 이하의 학력을 가진 경우, 소득수준이 월 100만원 미만인 경우, 주관적 건강상태가 부정적인 경우 좌식행동이 증가하였다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 나타난 좌식행동 관련 요인을 가진 대상자를 목표집단으로 한 건강증진 및 공중보건 캠페인이 개발 및 실행될 필요가 있다.
Key Message
This study is a serial cross-sectional study analyzing the temporal trend and related factors of sedentary behavior of adults using KCHS collected biennially from 2011 to 2017. The prevalence of leisure-time sedentary behavior decreased from 15.2% to 14.4% in men and from 16.6% to 16.0% in women, respectively. However, elderly, subjects with an education lower than high school, with the lowest household income level, and with poor subjective health status showed an increasing sedentary behavior trend. These findings suggest that health promotion and public health campaigns are need to reduce the prevalence of sedentary behavior in population with related factors.

Citations

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  • Temporal trends and the association between self-rated oral health and falls in community-dwelling older adults in South Korea: a secondary analysis of survey data
    Hyun-Ju Seo, Soon-Ki Ahn, Min-Jung Choi
    BMJ Open.2024; 14(4): e081549.     CrossRef
  • Association between long working hours and physical inactivity in middle-aged and older adults: a Korean longitudinal study (2006–2020)
    Seong-Uk Baek, Won-Tae Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Myeong-Hun Lim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
    Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.2023; 77(6): 355.     CrossRef
Accelerometer-measured stepping cadence patterns in Korean adults: an analysis of data from the 2014-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Geon Hui Kim, Hoyong Sung, Yeun Ryu, Jungjun Lim, Joon-Sik Kim, Hak Kyun Kim, Yeon Soo Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021056.   Published online August 17, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021056
  • 10,332 View
  • 328 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to identify the stepping cadence patterns in Korean adults by using objectively measured accelerometer data to analyze the time spent in each cadence category by sex and age.
METHODS
During the 2014-2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1,703 males and females aged 19-64 years provided at least 1 valid day of data (wearing an accelerometer ≥ 10 hr/d). The mean cumulative time and percentage per day in 8 cadence categories (0, 1-19, 20-29, 30-59, 60-79, 80-99, 100-119, and ≥ 120 steps/min) by sex and age group were calculated.
RESULTS
Cumulative time and percentage per day decreased across the incremental cadence categories. Participants spent 360.08± 2.56 min/d in the non-movement cadence category and 361.50± 2.28 min/d in the incidental movement cadence category. However, they spent only about 18.1 min/d (2.1%) at ≥ 100 steps/min. Males spent significantly more time in the cadence categories of sporadic movement, purposeful steps, slow walking, and medium walking, but the other categories, except for brisk walking, had higher values in females (p< 0.001). The older age group spent less time in non-movement cadence categories, and the youngest and oldest groups spent more time at a higher cadence (≥ 100 steps/min) than the other age groups. Similar patterns were found in a subgroup analysis by sex.
CONCLUSIONS
Korean adults spent most of their time at a low cadence and only a few minutes at a high cadence (≥100 steps/min); this trend was consistent across sex and age groups.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구에서는 2014-2015년도 국민건강영양조사자료의 가속도계 자료를 활용하여 한국 성인의 성별, 연령별 케이던스 패턴을 확인하였다. 한국 성인은 하루 평균 약 12시간(약 87%)을 분당 20보 이하의 낮은 케이던스에서 보냈고, 분당 100보 이상의 높은 케이던스에서는 하루 중 단지 약 18분 (약 2%)의 시간을 보냈다. 성별 및 연령대에 따라 약간의 차이는 있으나, 대부분 유사한 양상을 보였다.
Key Message
Korean adults spent approximately 12 hours per day (about 87%) at a low cadence (<20 steps per minute) while spending only about 18 minutes per day (about 2%) at a high cadence (≥ 100 steps per minute). Even though certain amount of differences between sex and age groups do exist, most have shown similar patterns.
Lifestyle-related predictors affecting prediabetes and diabetes in 20-30-year-old young Korean adults
Kyong Sil Park, Seon Young Hwang
Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020014.   Published online March 19, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020014
  • 14,863 View
  • 290 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
To investigate lifestyle-related predictors of prediabetes and diabetes in young adults aged 20–39 years using data from the 2014-2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).
METHODS
This study is a cross-sectional, secondary analysis using the KNHANES data. Participants were classified into normal group (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] <100 mg/dL and/or hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] <5.7%), prediabetes group (FPG 100-125 mg/dL and/or HbA1c 5.7-6.4%), and diabetes group (FPG ≥126 mg/dL and/or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%). The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software.
RESULTS
Out of 4,190 participants, 27.7% of men and 16.3% of women were in the prediabetes group and 1.4% of men and 1.3% of women were in the diabetes group. Logistic regression confirmed that age and obesity are predictors of prediabetes and diabetes in both men and women. Additionally low physical activity and low education level are predictors of prediabetes in men and women, respectively (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
This study has found that age and increased obesity are predictors of elevated blood glucose in young men and women in their 20s and 30s. A strategy to lower obesity by promoting physical activity in men in their 30s is essential to prevent metabolic syndrome and progression to prediabetes.
Summary
Korean summary
20-30대 젊은 성인 남성에서 당뇨전단계 27.7%, 당뇨 1.4%, 여성에서 당뇨전단계 16.4%, 당뇨 1.3%로 확인되었다. 당뇨전단계 및 당뇨의 이환을 예방하기 위해서 비만 관리가 필수적이며, 특히 교육수준이 낮은 젊은 여성과 신체활동이 낮은 30대의 남성에서 신체활동 증진을 통해 효율적으로 비만도를 낮추는 전략 마련이 필요함을 확인하였다.

Citations

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  • Effects of a Remote Physical Activity Improvement Program on Male Office Workers with Metabolic Syndrome in Their 30s and 40s with Sedentary Behavior: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    Kyong Sil Park, Seon Young Hwang
    Asian Nursing Research.2024; 18(2): 81.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between Marriage and Prediabetes among Healthcare Workers: Mediating Effect of Triglycerides
    Yong-Hsin Chen, Jia-June Lin, Hsiu-Mei Tang, Ching-Wen Yang, Gwo-Ping Jong, Yi-Sun Yang
    Medicina.2024; 60(9): 1418.     CrossRef
  • Prediabetes and all-cause mortality in young patients undergoing coronary artery angiography: a multicenter cohort study in China
    Yibo He, Hongyu Lu, Yihang Ling, Jin Liu, Sijia Yu, Ziyou Zhou, Tian Chang, Yong Liu, Shiqun Chen, Jiyan Chen
    Cardiovascular Diabetology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Study Analyzing the Relationship among Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG), Obesity Index, Physical Activity, and Beverage and Alcohol Consumption Frequency in 20s and 30s:The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2013-2015
    Yujin Lee, Jung-Hyun Kim
    The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2022; 33(1): 19.     CrossRef
  • Sex differences in factors associated with prediabetes in Korean adults
    Jin Suk Ra
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2022; 13(2): 142.     CrossRef
  • Differences in health behavior and nutrient intake status between diabetes-aware and unaware Korean adults based on the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey 2016–18 data: A cross-sectional study
    Anshul Sharma, Chen Lulu, Kee-Ho Song, Hae-Jeung Lee
    Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Mediterranean Diet and Healthy Eating in Subjects with Prediabetes from the Mollerussa Prospective Observational Cohort Study
    Mireia Falguera, Esmeralda Castelblanco, Marina Idalia Rojo-López, Maria Belén Vilanova, Jordi Real, Nuria Alcubierre, Neus Miró, Àngels Molló, Manel Mata-Cases, Josep Franch-Nadal, Minerva Granado-Casas, Didac Mauricio
    Nutrients.2021; 13(1): 252.     CrossRef
Review
A systematic review of barriers and motivators to physical activity in elderly adults in Iran and worldwide
Soudabeh Yarmohammadi, Hossein Mozafar Saadati, Mohtasham Ghaffari, Ali Ramezankhani
Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019049.   Published online November 29, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019049
  • 21,607 View
  • 468 Download
  • 52 Web of Science
  • 62 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to identify and characterize the barriers and motivations to physical activity (PA) for elderly adults in Iran and other countries.
METHODS
We searched 6 databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, and the Scientific Information Database) from 2000 to the November 2017, using “aged 60 and over,” “physical activity” or “exercise,” and “motivator” and “barrier” as keywords. Two reviewers independently performed the search, screening, and quality assessment of the studies.
RESULTS
In total, 34 papers were finally included in the study. The most important barriers, based on the frequency of factors, included physical problems, having no companions, and physical barriers to walking. The motivators included improving one’s physical condition, being social, and suitability of the physical environment.
CONCLUSIONS
Important motivators and barriers to PA were more closely related to intrapersonal factors than to the interpersonal and environmental domains. The barriers and motivators to PA in the elderly were not markedly different between Iran and other countries. Therefore, a general strategy could be designed to improve PA in the elderly.
Summary

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    Cogent Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Article
Physical activity level in Korean adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017
Ki-Yong An
Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019047.   Published online November 9, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019047
  • 36,810 View
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated physical activity (PA) participation based on demographic, physical, and psychological variables in Korean adults.
METHODS
Participants were divided into four groups (combined, aerobic only, resistance only, and neither) based on meeting the PA guidelines using moderate and vigorous PA time and resistance exercise frequency from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017. The association between meeting the PA guidelines and demographic, medical, fitness, lifestyle, and psychological variables were analyzed using complex samples crosstabs and a general linear model.
RESULTS
Of the 5,820 Korean adults, 66.0% did not meet any of the guidelines. Among demographic factors, sex, age, marital status, income, education level, occupation, and employment status were associated with meeting the PA guidelines. Chronic disease prevalence, weight, waist circumference, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, glucose, high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels, hand-grip strength, resting heart rate, and family history of chronic disease in the medical and fitness variables; frequency of drinking and eating breakfast, total calorie, water, protein, and fat intake in the lifestyle variables; and perceived stress, depression, suicidal thoughts, and quality of life in the psychological variables were associated with meeting PA guidelines.
CONCLUSIONS
Most Korean adults participate in insufficient PA. Moreover, individuals who are socially underprivileged, have low-income or poor physical and mental health conditions participated in relatively less PA. Our findings suggest that government and individual efforts are required to increase PA and resolve health inequality in Korean adults.
Summary
Korean summary
2017년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 분석한 결과, 한국 성인들의 신체활동 실천율은 매우 낮았으며, 특히, 사회적 약자나 저소득층, 신체적, 정신적 건강 위험요인이 높은 사람들에게 더 낮게 나타났다. 신체활동은 건강증진을 위한 가장 경제적이며 효율적인 방법으로써, 신체활동 참여를 늘리고 건강불평등을 해소하기 위한 정부, 의료기관, 교육기관은 물론 국민 개개인의 신체활동에 대한 인식개선과 적극적인 노력이 필요하다.

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