Epidemiology and Health

Original Articles

Trends and all-cause mortality associated with multimorbidity of non-communicable diseases among adults in the United States, 1999-2018: a retrospective cohort study: Mengzi Sun, Ling Wang, Xuhan Wang, Li Tong, Lina Jin, Bo Li; Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023023. Published online February 14, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023023

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Multimorbidity of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has brought enormous challenges to public health, becoming a major medical burden. However, the patterns, temporal trends, and all-cause mortality associated with NCD multimorbidity over time have not been well described in the United States.
METHODS
All adult participants were sourced from nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In total, 55,081 participants were included in trend analysis, and 38,977 participants were included in Cox regression.
RESULTS
The 5 NCDs with the largest increases over the study period were diabetes, osteoporosis, obesity, liver conditions, and cancer. The estimated prevalence of multimorbidity increased with age, especially for middle-aged participants with 5 or more NCDs; in general, the prevalence of NCD multimorbidity was higher among females than males. Participants with 5 or more NCDs were at 4.49 times the risk of all-cause mortality of participants without any diseases. Significant interactions were found between multimorbidity and age group (p for interaction <0.001), race/ethnicity (p for interaction<0.001), and educational attainment (p for interaction=0.010).
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of multiple NCDs significantly increased from 1999 to 2018. Those with 5 or more NCDs had the highest risk of all-cause mortality, especially among the young population. The data reported by this study could serve as a reference for additional NCD research.; Summary

Key Message
This study included a series-cross sectional study and a retrospective cohort study, utilizing nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multimorbidity of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has brought enormous challenges to public health, becoming a major medical burden. This study aimed to explore the patterns, temporal trends, and all-cause mortality of multimorbidity of NCDs in the United States from 1999 to 2018, by gender-specific and age-specific. The data reported by this study could serve as a reference for additional NCD research.

Perceived usefulness of COVID-19 tools for contact tracing among contact tracers in Korea: Seonyeong Gong, Jong Youn Moon, Jaehun Jung; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022106. Published online November 15, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022106

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
In Korea, contact tracing for coronavirus disease 2019 is conducted using information from credit card records, handwritten visitor logs, KI-Pass (QR code), and the Safe Call system after an interview. We investigated the usefulness of these tools for contact tracing.
METHODS
An anonymous survey was conducted for 2 months (July to September 2021) among contact tracers throughout Korea. The questionnaire consisted of 4 parts: (1) demographic characteristics; (2) the usefulness of each tool for contact tracing; (3) the order in which information was checked during contact tracing; and (4) the match rate between tools for contact tracing, screening test rate, response rate, and helpfulness (rated on a Likert scale).
RESULTS
In total, 190 individuals completed the survey. When asked to rate the usefulness of each tool for contact tracing on a Likert scale, most respondents (86.3%) provided positive responses for credit card records, while the most common responses for handwritten visitor logs were negative. The highest percentage of positive responses for helpfulness was found for KI-Pass (91.1%), followed in descending order by credit card records (82.6%), Safe Call (78.2%), and handwritten visitor logs (22.1%).
CONCLUSIONS
Over 80% of participants provided positive responses for credit card records, KI-Pass, and Safe Call data, while approximately 50% provided negative responses regarding the usefulness of handwritten visitor logs. Our findings highlight the need to unify systems for post-interview contact tracing to increase their convenience for contact tracers, as well as the need to improve tools utilizing handwritten visitor logs for digitally vulnerable groups.; Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 국내 역학조사 담당자들을 대상으로 시행한 설문조사를 중심으로 면담조사 후 추가적으로 실시하는 다양한 접촉자 추적 방법의 유용성에 대한 분석을 목표로 한다. 응답자 중 약 80% 이상이 카드결제기록, KI-Pass, GPS 및 CCTV 정보의 유용성에 대해 긍정적으로 응답하였다. 반면 약 50%는 수기명부의 유용성에 대해 부정적으로 응답하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 역학조사관과 사용자 모두의 편의를 위해 역학조사 방법의 일원화가 필요할 뿐만 아니라 디지털 취약 계층을 위해 수기명부를 대체할 수 있는 시스템의 필요성을 시사한다.

Key Message
We conducted an anonymous online survey to assess the usefulness of tools for contact tracing for COVID-19 in Korea. Over 80% of participants provided positive responses regarding the usefulness of credit card records, KI-Pass, and Safe Call data, while approximately 50% provided negative responses regarding the usefulness of handwritten visitor logs. Our findings highlight the need to unify contact tracing systems to increase their convenience for contact tracers.

The association between tobacco or nicotine product use behaviors and non-compliance with mask-wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Korea: Da-eun Lee, Heewon Kang, Sung-il Cho; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022087. Published online October 7, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022087

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
It is necessary to investigate tobacco or nicotine product (TNP) use which acts as a risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Especially, wearing a mask is difficult to practice while using TNP. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between TNP use behaviors and non-compliance with mask-wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS
The samples of 208,618 Korean adults from 2020 Community Health Survey in Korea were used. As an independent variable, TNP use behaviors such as TNP use status, changes in TNP use after the COVID-19 outbreak, TNP types, and attempt to quit were analyzed. Logistic regression was performed on gender-stratified participants.
RESULTS
Among men, the odds ratio (OR) of current and former TNP users were 2.00 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.66 to 2.40) and 1.32 (95% CI, 1.09 to 1.60), respectively, compared to never users. In women, OR was 1.50 (95% CI, 1.00 to 2.26) for former users. Cigarette use was more associated with not wearing a mask than non-cigarette tobacco or nicotine product (NCTNP) use (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.12 to 2.08). Men whose TNP use decreased had lower non-compliance (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.74); while women whose TNP use increased had lower non-compliance (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.26).
CONCLUSIONS
Current and former users were less likely to wear masks. Cigarette use was more associated with not wearing a mask than NCTNP use. Changes in TNP use showed association for men and women; however, in the opposite direction. Therefore, more attention should be paid to TNP use prevention and cessation support during the epidemic of respiratory infectious diseases. Moreover, it is necessary to identify risk factors of cigarette users in compliance with mask-wearing.; Summary

Korean summary
담배 또는 니코틴 제품 (Tobacco or Nicotine Products, TNPs) 현재사용자와 과거사용자는 비사용자 대비 마스크 미착용 연관성이 높고, 비궐련 담배 또는 니코틴 제품 (Non-Cigarette Tobacco or Nicotine Products, NCTNPs) 사용자보다는 일반담배 사용자의 마스크 미착용 연관성이 높다. 남성에서는 코로나19 유행 이전 대비 TNPs 사용이 감소했을 때, 여성에서는 증가했을 때 마스크 미착용 연관성이 낮았다. 따라서 호흡기 감염병 유행 시기에는 더욱 TNPs 사용 예방과 금연 지원에 관심을 가질 것을 제안한다.

Key Message
During the epidemic of respiratory infectious diseases, more attention should be paid to tobacco or nicotine products (TNPs) use prevention and cessation support.

Cohort Profile

The Dehgolan Prospective Cohort Study (DehPCS) on non-communicable diseases in a Kurdish community in the west of Iran: Farhad Moradpour, Ebrahim Ghaderi, Ghobad Moradi, Mojdeh Zarei, Amjad Mohamadi Bolbanabad, Bakhtiar Piroozi, Azad Shokri; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021075. Published online October 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021075

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Abstract Summary PDF

Abstract

The Dehgolan Prospective Cohort Study (DehPCS) was conducted to examine and identify risk factors for the most prevalent non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In addition, in order to examine participants’ health status, socioeconomic status, behavioral factors, nutritional status, and environmental exposures, the DehPCS collected, analyzed, and stored blood, urine, nail, and hair samples to conduct genetic studies and identify biomarkers and other biological determinants of NCDs. In total, 3,996 adults aged 35 to 70 from the general population participated in the study from February 2018 to March 2019. Of them, 43.7% were women. The first follow-up wave was conducted with 3,995 participants. Information on a wide range of variables was collected, including on socioeconomic status, lifestyle, nutritional status, habits, physical examination findings, medication use, and medical history. Proxy variables such as body mass index, metabolic equivalent task score, wealth index, and macronutrients and micronutrients were calculated. The most common self-reported diseases in descending order were kidney stones, hypertension, and fatty liver. The prevalence of diabetes and hypertension was 9.3% and 33.4%, respectively. All data, samples, and measurements will be collected again at 5-year intervals. Thus, it will be possible to examine time-dependent changes in the risk factors of NCDs. The DehPCS can be used to study the relationships among genetics, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and environmental risk factors and the most prevalent NCDs in case-cohort studies using a nested case-control design that will be applied to the cohort infrastructure. Researchers can also submit pre-proposals via the following web address: http://c.ddrc.ac.ir/persianaccess/Account/Login.

Summary

Key Message
• The DehPCS was designed to examine NCDs among the Kurdish population, who are located in a wide area between the northwest of the Zagros Mountains and the eastern Taurus Mountains covering Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria. • In total, 3,996 adults aged 35 to 70 from the general population participated in the study. • All data, samples, and measurements from the registration phase will be collected again at 5-, 10-, and 15-year intervals. • After labeling, aliquots were placed in a freezer at -70°C to enable ongoing studies of the samples in the future.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Validity of self‐reported hypertension and related factors in the adult population: Preliminary results from the cohort in the west of Iran
Negar Piri, Yousef Moradi, Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, Mahsa Abdullahi, Eghbal Fattahi, Farhad Moradpour
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2023; 25(2): 146. CrossRef
The association between nutrients and occurrence of COVID‐19 outcomes in the population of Western Iran: A cohort study
Dana Vaisi, Farhad Moradpour, Shadieh Mohammadi, Daem Roshani, Yousef Moradi
The Clinical Respiratory Journal.2023; 17(6): 589. CrossRef
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with oral health: First results from the Kurdish cohort study
Farhad Moradpour, Zahra Karimi, Zeinab Fatemi, Yousef Moradi, Mohammad Rastegar Khosravi, Azad Shokri, Mohammad Karimzadeh
Health Science Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Socioeconomic inequalities in metabolic syndrome and its components in a sample of Iranian Kurdish adults
Pardis Mohammadzadeh, Farhad Moradpour, Bijan Nouri, Farideh Mostafavi, Farid Najafi, Ghobad Moradi
Epidemiology and Health.2023; 45: e2023083. CrossRef
Socio-demographic correlates of diabetes self-reporting validity: a study on the adult Kurdish population
Farhad Moradpour, Negar Piri, Hojat Dehghanbanadaki, Ghobad Moradi, Mahdiyeh Fotouk-Kiai, Yousef Moradi
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of prediabetes, diabetes, diabetes awareness, treatment, and its socioeconomic inequality in west of Iran
Farhad Moradpour, Satar Rezaei, Bakhtiar Piroozi, Ghobad Moradi, Yousef Moradi, Negar Piri, Azad Shokri
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

COVID-19: Brief Communication

Time-variant reproductive number of COVID-19 in Seoul, Korea: Seong-Geun Moon, Yeon-Kyung Kim, Woo-Sik Son, Jong-Hoon Kim, Jungsoon Choi, Baeg-Ju Na, Boyoung Park, Bo Youl Choi; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020047. Published online June 28, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020047

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To estimate time-variant reproductive number (Rt) of coronavirus disease 19 based on either number of daily confirmed cases or their onset date to monitor effectiveness of quarantine policies.

METHODS

Using number of daily confirmed cases from January 23, 2020 to March 22, 2020 and their symptom onset date from the official website of the Seoul Metropolitan Government and the district office, we calculated Rt using program R’s package “EpiEstim”. For asymptomatic cases, their symptom onset date was considered as -2, -1, 0, +1, and +2 days of confirmed date.

RESULTS

Based on the information of 313 confirmed cases, the epidemic curve was shaped like ‘propagated epidemic curve’. The daily Rt based on Rt_c peaked to 2.6 on February 20, 2020, then showed decreased trend and became <1.0 from March 3, 2020. Comparing both Rt from Rt_c and from the number of daily onset cases, we found that the pattern of changes was similar, although the variation of Rt was greater when using Rt_c. When we changed assumed onset date for asymptotic cases (-2 days to +2 days of the confirmed date), the results were comparable.

CONCLUSIONS

Rt can be estimated based on Rt_c which is available from daily report of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Estimation of Rt would be useful to continuously monitor the effectiveness of the quarantine policy at the city and province levels.

Summary

Korean summary
우리나라 전체와 각 시도별 일별 증상 발현자 수 또는 확진자 수를 이용하여 추정한 Rt로 방역정책의 효과를 국가 및 시도 수준에서 지속적으로 모니터링 할 필요가 있다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Reproduction Factor Based Latent Epidemic Model Inference: A Data-Driven Approach Using COVID-19 Datasets
Sujin Ahn, Minhae Kwon
IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics.2023; 27(3): 1259. CrossRef
코로나19 핵심 지표 산출체계 국제 비교 및 활용도 제고 방안 연구
나애 이, 연경 김, 승필 정, 우주 이, 주환 오, 승식 황
Public Health Weekly Report.2023; 16(29): 973. CrossRef
The Impacts of Compact City Characteristics on COVID-19 Spreading Force : Focused on the Seoul Metropolitan Area
Haejun Hyun, Myungje Woo
Journal of Korea Planning Association.2023; 58(7): 5. CrossRef
COVID-19 early-alert signals using human behavior alternative data
Anasse Bari, Aashish Khubchandani, Junzhang Wang, Matthias Heymann, Megan Coffee
Social Network Analysis and Mining.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

COVID-19: Systematic Review

Mental health outcomes of quarantine and isolation for infection prevention: a systematic umbrella review of the global evidence: Md Mahbub Hossain, Abida Sultana, Neetu Purohit; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020038. Published online June 2, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020038

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

Objectives
Transmission of infectious diseases is often prevented by quarantine and isolation of the populations at risk. These approaches restrict the mobility, social interactions, and daily activities of the affected individuals. In recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, quarantine and isolation are being adopted in many contexts, which necessitates an evaluation of global evidence on how such measures impact the mental health outcomes among populations. This umbrella review aimed to synthesize the available evidence on mental health outcomes of quarantine and isolation for preventing infectious diseases.

Methods

We searched nine major databases and additional sources and included articles if they were systematically conducted reviews, published as peer-reviewed journal articles, and reported mental health outcomes of quarantine or isolation in any population.

Results

Among 1,364 citations, only eight reviews met our criteria. Most of the primary studies in those reviews were conducted in high-income nations and in hospital settings. These articles reported a high burden of mental health problems among patients, informal caregivers, and healthcare providers who experienced quarantine or isolation. Prevalent mental health problems among the affected individuals include depression, anxiety, mood disorders, psychological distress, posttraumatic stress disorder, insomnia, fear, stigmatization, low self-esteem, lack of self-control, and other adverse mental health outcomes.

Conclusions

This umbrella review found severe mental health problems among individuals and populations who have undergone quarantine and isolation in different contexts. This evidence necessitates multipronged interventions including policy measures for strengthening mental health services globally and promoting psychosocial wellbeing among high-risk populations.

Summary

Citations

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Original Articles

Associations between chronic conditions and oral health services utilization in older Peruvian adults: a pooled analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey 2015-2017: Diego Azañedo, Diego Chambergo-Michilot, Akram Hernández-Vásquez; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020023. Published online April 9, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020023

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Abstract PDF: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to investigate the associations between chronic conditions (CCs) and oral health services utilization (OHSU) within the previous 6 months in older Peruvian adults (defined as those 60 years of age or more according to Peruvian law).
METHODS
An analytical cross-sectional study was performed based on the 2015-2017 Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey. Pooled data from 13,699 older adults were analyzed. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the associations between OHSU (dependent variable) and CCs (independent variables). Tobacco consumption, obesity, educational level, age, sex, welfare quintile, area of residence, having health insurance, and natural region of residence were included as covariates in the analysis.
RESULTS
The frequency of OHSU in older adults was 18.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.8 to 19.3). The highest percentage point (%p) differences with regards to OHSU were found between the extreme categories of educational level (higher education vs. none or elementary school: +24.8%p) and welfare quintile (richest vs. poorest: +24.0%p). In the crude model, OHSU was associated with diabetes (odds ratio [OR], 1.46; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.69), but this association disappeared after adjustment for covariates. Meanwhile, depression decreased the likelihood of OHSU (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.95) in the adjusted model.
CONCLUSIONS
The frequency of OHSU was low in older Peruvian adults. Regarding CCs, we found that depression independently decreased the likelihood of OHSU in the adjusted model. Our results may be useful for the development of policies aimed at achieving greater OHSU in older adults with CCs, especially in those with depression.; Summary

Epidemiological characteristics of HIV infected Korean: Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study: Yunsu Choi, Bo Youl Choi, Soo Min Kim, Sang Il Kim, June Kim, Jun Young Choi, Shin-Woo Kim, Joon Young Song, Youn Jeong Kim, Dae Won Park, Hyo Youl Kim, Hee-Jung Choi, Mee-Kyung Kee, Young Hyun Shin, Myeongsu Yoo; Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019037. Published online September 3, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019037

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To manage evidence-based diseases, it is important to identify the characteristics of patients in each country.

METHODS

The Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study seeks to identify the epidemiological characteristics of 1,442 Korean individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (12% of Korean individuals with HIV infection in 2017) who visited 21 university hospitals nationwide. The descriptive statistics were presented using the Korea HIV/AIDS cohort data (2006-2016).

RESULTS

Men accounted for 93.3% of the total number of respondents, and approximately 55.8% of respondents reported having an acute infection symptom. According to the transmission route, infection caused by sexual contact accounted for 94.4%, of which 60.4% were caused by sexual contact with the same sex or both males and females. Participants repeatedly answered the survey to decrease depression and anxiety scores. Of the total participants, 89.1% received antiretroviral therapy (ART). In the initial ART, 95.3% of patients were treated based on the recommendation. The median CD4 T-cell count at the time of diagnosis was 229.5 and improved to 331 after the initial ART. Of the patients, 16.6% and 9.4% had tuberculosis and syphilis, respectively, and 26.7% had pneumocystis pneumonia. In the medical history, sexually transmitted infectious diseases showed the highest prevalence, followed by endocrine diseases. The main reasons for termination were loss to follow-up (29.9%) and withdrawal of consent (18.7%).

CONCLUSIONS

Early diagnosis and ART should be performed at an appropriate time to prevent the development of new infection.

Summary

Korean summary
국내 감염인은 대부분 성 접촉으로 인해 감염되었고, 감염인의 약 90%가 치료를 경험하였다. 하지만 여전히 결핵, 매독, 주폐포자충 폐렴 등과 같은 HIV 관련 질환의 유병률이 높았고, 치료를 통해 수명이 연장되어 노화 혹은 치료 약제 부작용과 관련된 HIV 비 관련 만성 질환의 유병률도 높았다. 향후 감염인의 HIV/AIDS 비 관련 질환에 대한 연구 및 사망 원인 등에 대한 후속 연구가 필요하겠다.

Citations

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Cohort Profile

Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study: study design and baseline characteristics: Bo Youl Choi, Jun Yong Choi, Sang Hoon Han, Sang Il Kim, Mee-Kyung Kee, Min Ja Kim, Shin-Woo Kim, Sung Soon Kim, Yu-Mi Kim, Nam Su Ku, Jin-Soo Lee, Joo-Shil Lee, Yunsu Choi, Kyong Sil Park, Joon Young Song, Jun Hee Woo, Moon Won Kang, June Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018023. Published online June 6, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018023

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

The number of persons infected by HIV/AIDS has consistently increased in Korea since the first case of HIV/AIDS infection in 1985 and reached 15,208 by 2016. About 1,100 new patients with HIV/ AIDS infections have emerged every year since 2013. In Korea, the Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study was established for the evidenced-based prevention, treatment, and effective management of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in December 2006. This study monitored 1,438 patients, who accounted for about 10% of all patients with HIV/AIDS in Korea, for 10 years with the following aims: (1) to develop an administrative system for the establishment of a HIV/AIDS cohort-based study; (2) to standardize methodologies and the case report forms; and (3) to standardize multi-cohort data and develop a data cleaning method. This study aims to monitor at least 1,000 patients (excluding those for whom investigation had been completed) per year (estimated number of patients who can be monitored by January 2018: 939). By December 2016, the sex distribution was 93.3% for men, and 6.7% for women (gender ratio, 13.9:1.0), and 98.9% of all participants were Korean. More than 50.0% of the participants were confirmed as HIV positive after 2006. This study reports competitive, long-term research that aimed to develop policies for the prevention of chronic infectious diseases for patients with HIV. The data collected over the last decade will be used to develop indices for HIV treatment and health promotion.

Summary

Korean summary
세계적으로 HIV 감염인은 감소하고 있으나, 한국의 HIV 감염은 증가하여 2013년 이후 매년 1,000명이 넘는 신규 감염인이 보고되고 있다. HIV/AIDS 코호트 연구진은 2006년부터 HIV 감염인과 AIDS 환자를 대상으로 6개월 간격의 반복 조사를 시행하여 역학과 임상 자료를 수집하여 데이터베이스를 구축하고, 생물검체를 채취하여 인체자원은행에 보관하여, HIV/AIDS의 발생 기전을 구명하고, 자연사를 파악하며, 예방과 진단, 치료, 관리 방법을 개발하기 위한 기초와 임상, 역학 연구에 활용하고 있다.

Citations

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Psychiatry Investigation.2023; 20(5): 418. CrossRef
Assessment of Disease Burden and Immunization Rates for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in People Living with HIV: The Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study
Hye Seong, Yunsu Choi, Kyoung Hwan Ahn, Jun Yong Choi, Shin-Woo Kim, Sang Il Kim, Mee-Kyung Kee, Bo Youl Choi, Boyoung Park, Hak Jun Hyun, Jin Gu Yoon, Ji Yun Noh, Hee Jin Cheong, Woo Joo Kim, Joon Young Song
Infection & Chemotherapy.2023; 55(4): 441. CrossRef
Risk Factors Associated with Medication Adherence in HIV/AIDS Patients
Kyung Sun Oh, Jin-soo Lee, Euna Han
Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy.2023; 33(4): 254. CrossRef
Effect of single tablet regimen on prescription trends for treatment-naïve patients with HIV/AIDS in Korea
Kyung Sun Oh, Gi Hyeon Seo, Hee Kyoung Choi, Euna Han
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Predictors Associated With HIV Status Non-Disclosure in Korea
Kyungmin Kim, Jungmin Woo
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of Three Cardiovascular Risk Scores among HIV-Infected Patients in Korea: The Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study
Ji Yun Bae, Soo Min Kim, Yunsu Choi, Jun Yong Choi, Sang Il Kim, Shin-Woo Kim, Bo Young Park, Bo Youl Choi, Hee Jung Choi
Infection & Chemotherapy.2022; 54(3): 409. CrossRef
The Incidence and Risk Factors of Renal Insufficiency among Korean HIV infected Patients: The Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study
Jun Hyoung Kim, Heeseon Jang, Jung Ho Kim, Joon Young Song, Shin-Woo Kim, Sang Il Kim, Bo Youl Choi, Jun Yong Choi
Infection & Chemotherapy.2022; 54(3): 534. CrossRef
Estimation of the Number of HIV Infections and Time to Diagnosis in the Korea
Eunyoung Lee, Jungmee Kim, Jin Yong Lee, Ji Hwan Bang
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Gastrointestinal Kaposi's Sarcoma: A Case Report
Hee Joong Lim, So Hyun Park, Seung Joon Choi, Suyoung Park, Hee Young Lee, Jun Won Chung, Dong Hae Chung
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2020; 81(5): 1260. CrossRef
Epidemiological characteristics of HIV infected Korean: Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study
Yunsu Choi, Bo Youl Choi, Soo Min Kim, Sang Il Kim, June Kim, Jun Young Choi, Shin-Woo Kim, Joon Young Song, Youn Jeong Kim, Dae Won Park, Hyo Youl Kim, Hee-Jung Choi, Mee-Kyung Kee, Young Hyun Shin, Myeongsu Yoo
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Comparison of Characteristics and Survival between Prospective and Retrospective Korea Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Cohort Studies
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Infection & Chemotherapy.2019; 51(4): 393. CrossRef

Perspective

The direction of restructuring of a Korea field epidemiology training program through questionnaire survey among communicable disease response staff in Korea: Moo Sik Lee, Kwan Lee, Jee-Hyuk Park, Jee-Young Hong, Min-Young Jang, Byoung-Hak Jeon, Sang-Yun Cho, Sun-Ja Choi, JeongIk Hong; Epidemiol Health. 2017;39:e2017032. Published online July 24, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2017032

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Abstract

We used a survey about the need for an educational training of infectious disease response staff in Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) and officer in metropolitan cities and provincial government to conduct field epidemiological investigation. The survey was conducted from January 25 to March 15, 2016. A total of 173 participants were selected from four different groups as follows: 27 clinical specialists, 22 Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) officers, 82 KCDC staff, and 42 local health department officials. Results revealed that 83% of KCDC staff and 95% of local health department officials agreed on the need for educational training to strengthen capability of personnel to conduct epidemic research and investigation. The level of their need for training was relatively high, while self-confidence levels of individuals to conduct epidemic research and investigation was low. It was concluded that there was a need to develop training programs to enhance the ability of public health officials, EIS officers, KCDC staff, and local health department personnel to conduct epidemic research and investigation.

Summary

Korean summary
2015년 한국의 메르스 유행후 한국의 감염병 대응인력을 대상으로 한 조사분석을 통하여 역학조사관 교육 개편의 필요성을 확인하고, 세부 교육과정, 방법 및 내용 등 포괄적인 교육강화 및 개선방안을 모색하여 향후 역학조사관 신규 교육프로그램의 개발과 역량강화 방안을 제시하였다.

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Perceived sources of occupational burn-out and embitterment among front-line health workers for COVID-19 control in Gyeonggi province, South Korea: a qualitative study
Bee-Ah Kang, Sijoung Kwon, Myoungsoon You, Heeyoung Lee
Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2022; 79(4): 245. CrossRef

MERS-Epidemiologic Investigations

Epidemiological investigation of the 119th confirmed Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus case with an indefinite mode of transmission during the Pyeongtaek outbreak in Korea: Jong Hyuk Choi, Byoungin Yoo, Soon Young Lee, Eun Gyu Lee, Moran Ki, Woncheol Lee, Jong Rak Jung, Kyujin Chang; Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015054. Published online December 10, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015054

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Abstract

Since the first case was diagnosed on May 20, 2015, there were 186 confirmed cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) until the end of outbreak in South Korea. Although medical institutions were the most identifiable sources of MERS transmission in South Korea, similar to other countries, in-depth epidemiological investigation was required for some confirmed cases with indefinite contact history or hospital visit records. The subject of epidemiological investigation in the present study was a 35 year-old male patient diagnosed with MERS (#119) who lived in Asan-city and worked in Pyeongtaek-city. Various potential sources of transmission were carefully investigated. While he could have been exposed to MERS through a friend from Saudi Arabia or confirmed MERS cases in his workplace, neighboring areas, and medical institutions, as well as contacts in his home, the chances of transmission were low; however, the potential for transmission through his local community could not be excluded. Practically, it was difficult to determine the modes of transmission for all outbreak cases in communicable disease that occurred in this short period of time. The investigation to identify the mode of transmission in this case was ultimately unsuccessful. However, the various data collected and analyzed to reveal modes of transmission provided detailed information that could not be collected using only interview surveys.

Summary

Korean summary
2015년 한국에서 유행한 메르스 환자들 중, 감염 경로가 불분명한 119번째 환자에 대한 심층 역학조사를 통해 다양한 감염경로의 가능성을 검토하였다. 감염경로를 명확하게 밝혀내지 못한 한계점이 있지만, 지역사회 전파에 대한 가능성을 제시하였다. 감염병 대유행시 효율적인 감염경로 파악을 위해서는 다방면의 자료에 대한 확보체계와 이를 신속히 분석하고 판단할 수 있는 전문 인력 확충이 필요하다.

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A database of geopositioned Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus occurrences
Rebecca E. Ramshaw, Ian D. Letourneau, Amy Y. Hong, Julia Hon, Julia D. Morgan, Joshua C. P. Osborne, Shreya Shirude, Maria D. Van Kerkhove, Simon I. Hay, David M. Pigott
Scientific Data.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

Surveillance operation for the 141st confirmed case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus in response to the patient’s prior travel to Jeju Island: Jong-Myon Bae; Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015035. Published online August 7, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015035

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

The provincial government of Jeju, South Korea, was notified that a 42-year-old man infected with the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus had gone sightseeing in Jeju Island. Although the visiting period might be interpreted as the incubation period of MERS, the province decided to conduct active surveillance to prevent a worst-case scenario. Based on the channel of movement of the patient, healthy isolation and active monitoring were conducted for persons who came in contact with the patient. During the active surveillance, none of the 56 persons in self-isolation and 123 persons under active monitoring became infected. This fact supports that MERS is not contagious during the incubation period.

Summary

Korean summary
141번 MERS 양성확진자에 대한 역학조사를 통해 잠복기간에 제주도를 여행한 것이 확인되었다. 이에 제주도 MERS 방역본부는 최악의 경우를 염두에 두고, 밀접접촉자 56명과 일상접촉자 123명을 각각 자택격리와 능동모니터링 대상자로 조치하였다. 잠복기 14일을 기준으로 감시체계를 운영하였지만, 양성감염자는 전무하였다. 이는 MERS의 잠복기 동안에는 감염력이 없다는 근거가 된다.

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Sources of Infection Among Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in Jeju Province, Korea
Moonkyong Hwang, Jong-Myon Bae
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2021; 54(4): 245. CrossRef
A database of geopositioned Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus occurrences
Rebecca E. Ramshaw, Ian D. Letourneau, Amy Y. Hong, Julia Hon, Julia D. Morgan, Joshua C. P. Osborne, Shreya Shirude, Maria D. Van Kerkhove, Simon I. Hay, David M. Pigott
Scientific Data.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

The Burden of Premature Mortality in Hamadan Province in 2006 and 2010 Using Standard Expected Years of Potential Life Lost: A Population-based Study: Jalal Poorolajal, Nader Esmailnasab, Jamal Ahmadzadeh, Tahereh Azizi Motlagh; Epidemiol Health. 2012;34:e2012005. Published online August 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2012005

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Abstract PDF

Abstract

<sec><title>OBJECTIVES</title>Examining the premature death rate represents the first step in estimating the overall burden of disease, reflecting a full picture of how different causes affect population health and providing a way of monitoring and evaluating population health. The present study was conducted to assess the burden of premature mortality in Hamadan Province, Iran in 2006 and 2010.</sec><sec><title>METHODS</title>To calculate years of potential life lost (YPLL), the dataset was categorized into 5-year age groups based on each person's age at death. Then the age groups were subtracted from the relevant age-based life table produced by the World Health Organization in 2009. The YPLL for each individual were then added together to yield the total YPLL for all individuals in the population who died in a particular year. Finally, we calculated the YPLL for all sex-, age-, and cause-specific mortality rates and reported them as percentages.</sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title>We analyzed 18,786 deaths, 9,127 of which occurred in 2006 and 9,659 in 2010. Mortality rates were higher in men than women for all age groups both in 2006 and 2010. In addition, age-specific mortality rates in both genders for all age groups were higher in 2010 than in 2006. The percentage of YPLL from ischemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, transport accidents, and intentional self-harm were among the greatest sources of premature death.</sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title>The results of the present survey indicate that the eight major causes of premature death in both 2006 and 2010 were non-communicable diseases, especially ischemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, transport accidents, and intentional self-harm. Furthermore, our findings indicate a change in the role of non-communicable diseases in premature mortality in recent years.</sec>

Summary

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Suicidal behaviors among intravenous drug users: a meta-analysis
Bahram Armoon, Marie-Josée Fleury, Azadeh Bayani, Rasool Mohammadi, Elaheh Ahounbar, Mark D. Griffiths
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Diabetes in southern Iran: a 16-year follow-up of mortality and years of life lost
Habibollah Azarbakhsh, Mohammad Hossein Sharifi, Jafar Hassanzadeh, Rebecca Susan Dewey, Maryam Janfada, Alireza Mirahmadizadeh
International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries.2023; 43(4): 574. CrossRef
Premature Death, Underlying Reasons, and Preventive Experiences in Iran: A Narrative Review
Iman Razeghian-Jahromi, Yasin Ghasemi Mianrood, Mahintaj Dara, Pouria Azami
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Journal of Addictive Diseases.2021; 39(4): 550. CrossRef
The Burden of Premature Mortality Related to Suicide in West Azerbaijan From 2014 to 2016
Javad Aghazadeh-Attari, Rasool EntezarMahdi, Jamal Ahmadzadeh, Kazhal Mobaraki, Behnam Mansorian, Hasan Karimi, Shamsi Mirghaffarzadeh, Mahnaz Hajimohammadian, Iraj Mohebbi
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The global burden of premature mortality due to the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) using standard expected years of life lost, 2012 to 2019
Maryam Salamatbakhsh, Kazhal Mobaraki, Sara Sadeghimohammadi, Jamal Ahmadzadeh
BMC Public Health.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Substance use disorder and risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and suicide death: a meta-analysis
Jalal Poorolajal, Tahereh Haghtalab, Mehran Farhadi, Nahid Darvishi
Journal of Public Health.2016; 38(3): e282. CrossRef
Smoking and Suicide: A Meta-Analysis
Jalal Poorolajal, Nahid Darvishi, Osama Ali Abulseoud
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Alcohol-Related Risk of Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attempt, and Completed Suicide: A Meta-Analysis
Nahid Darvishi, Mehran Farhadi, Tahereh Haghtalab, Jalal Poorolajal, Martin Voracek
PLOS ONE.2015; 10(5): e0126870. CrossRef
ESTIMATION OF ECONOMIC LOSS DUE TO MORTALITY EXTERNAL CAUSES AS ELEMENT OF POPULATION VITAL ACTIVITY SAFETY IN ARKHANGELSK REGION
Zh L Varakina, A M Vyazmin, A L Sannikov
Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology).2014; 21(11): 31. CrossRef

Perspectives of Communicable Disease Surveillance in Korea.: Hyun Sul Lim; Korean J Epidemiol. 2006;28(1):28-35.

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Abstract PDF: Abstract
Environmental and climatic changes and the mobility of ever-increasing numbers of people increase the risks for the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases. Since communicable disease trends change rapidly, many nations have developed individualized communicable disease surveillance systems. In Korea, notification of the incidence of communicable diseases has been the most important form of surveillance since 1954. In addition, the government has established various surveillance systems since the late 1990s. Current problem areas of surveillance systems are the low reporting rate, a lack of representativeness, a lack of participation, and poor utilization. The government has not fully evaluated these systems. For many diseases, it is of critical importance to maintain the confidentiality of surveillance data. Issues of confidentiality are critical and must be considered in order to obtain valid data and protect those surveyed. In the future, we have to improve the reporting rate, enhance collaborations with veterinarians and gain the full support from the governmental departments of agriculture and defense. Surveillance systems should be evaluated regularly. The most dynamic and important part of surveillance is the feedback mechanism. To develop positive feedback, we must disseminate the collected and analyzed information and give reimbursement to the reporters. We have to built close partnerships with governmental agencies, international organizations, research institutes, private health corporations, and academia.; Summary

Surveillance System for Communicable Disease in Korea.: Ok Park; Korean J Epidemiol. 2006;28(1):22-27.

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Abstract PDF: Abstract
Korea has experienced sporadic cases or outbreaks of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases since the 1980s. Confirmed outbreaks have included leptospirosis and legionellosis in 1984, HIV infection in 1985, enterohemorrhagic E-coli infection in 1998, staphylococcus aureus infection with decreased vancomycin susceptibility in 1999, brucellosis in 2002, and botulism in 2003. Korea has also suffered from reemerging diseases such as vivax malaria along the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) since 1993. Owing to globalization, imported cases of diarrheal diseases, malaria, and dengue have been increasing. In addition, the overall incidence of acute infectious diseases such as shigellosis, scrub typhus, and mumps, which had been decreasing since 1970 until the late 1990s, began to increase again after the late 1990s. The range of emerging and reemerging diseases poses serious public health threats to the public. The Korean government has been striving to build capacity to detect and respond to these infectious disease threats in a timely manner since the late 1990s. For this, the government revised the Communicable Disease Prevention Law, reorganized the government structure for communicable disease control, and developed human resources through field epidemiology and various other training programs. SARS and highly pathogenic avian influenza provided momentum to accelerate these endeavors. Korea has thus far achieved significant improvements in the field of infectious disease surveillance. There are, however, gaps that need to be addressed including insufficient capacity for disease surveillance and response for emerging infectious disease at the local government level, inadequate operation of various surveillance systems, insufficient integration among surveillance systems, and low participation rate for notification among physicians. Therefore, the Korean government plans to improve infectious disease surveillance by implementing the following procedures: establishment of a web-based reporting system, integration of EDI and laboratory surveillance systems, extension of the electronic reporting system to the private sector, continuous development of human resources to build capacity, and enhancement of collaboration with the private sector.; Summary

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