Skip Navigation
Skip to contents

Epidemiol Health : Epidemiology and Health

OPEN ACCESS
SEARCH
Search
Advanced Search
mobile menu button

Search

Page Path
HOME > Search
20 "Metabolic syndrome"
Filter
Filter
Article category
Keywords
More +
Publication year
More +
Authors
More +
Funded articles
More +
Original Articles
Higher energy consumption in the evening is associated with increased odds of obesity and metabolic syndrome: findings from the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (7th KNHANES)
Sarang Jeong, Hajoung Lee, Sukyoung Jung, Jee Young Kim, Sohyun Park
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023087.   Published online September 19, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023087
  • 2,421 View
  • 159 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Chrono-nutrition emphasizes meal timing in preventing obesity and metabolic disorders. This study explores the impact of temporal dietary patterns (TDPs) on obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean adults aged 20 years to 65 years.
METHODS
We utilized dynamic time warping method and Kernel k-means clustering to investigate diet quality and the odds ratios (ORs) of obesity and MetS with different TDPs using data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
RESULTS
Participants were divided into three groups based on relative energy intake over 24 hours. After adjusting for age and gender, Cluster 3 (with the highest proportion of energy intake in the evening) had the lowest Healthy Eating Index scores compared to other clusters. Following adjustment for key covariates, Cluster 3 showed the highest values for body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Compared to Cluster 1 (with a lower proportion of energy intake in the evening), Cluster 2 and Cluster 3 had ORs for obesity of 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97 to 1.30) and 1.19 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.37), respectively. For MetS, the ORs were 1.26 (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.48) and 1.37 (95% CI, 1.17 to 1.61) when comparing Cluster 2 and Cluster 3 to Cluster 1.
CONCLUSIONS
This study reveals that individuals with higher energy intake in the evening have increased odds of obesity and MetS, even after adjusting for major covariates, including age and total energy intake.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 하루 중 주요 에너지 섭취 사간에 따른 인구사회학적 특징과 건강지표의 상관성을 분석하였다. 제 7기 국민건강영양조사의 20~65세의 한국 성인을 대상으로 Dynamic Time Warping 방법을 이용하여 군집을 나누어 분석한 결과, 하루 중 저녁시간에 에너지 섭취가 높은 그룹이 그렇지 않은 그룹에 비해 연령이 낮고, 흡연자, 음주자, 스트레스를 느끼는 대상자의 비율이 높았다. 또한, 저녁에 에너지 섭취 비율이 높은 그룹이 그렇지 않은 그룹에 비해 체질량지수, 허리둘레, 혈압, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방이 높았으며, 식생활 평가 지수가 가장 낮았다. 마지막으로 하루 섭취하는 총 에너지 양과 생활습관 변수를 보정하고도 저녁에 섭취하는 에너지가 많은 그룹은 그렇지 않은 그룹에 비해 비만 및 대사 증후군 유병이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다.
Key Message
• This study examined the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and health indicators based on the timing of major energy intake during the day. • Using the Dynamic Time Warping method, the analysis revealed that the group with higher evening energy intake was younger and had a higher proportion of smokers, alcohol consumers, and individuals experiencing stress. • Additionally, the group with higher evening energy intake exhibited higher levels of obesity and metabolic syndrome, even after adjusting for total daily energy intake and lifestyle variables.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Association of Dietary Fiber and Measures of Physical Fitness with High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein
    Ming-Zhen Su, Suyeon Lee, Dayeon Shin
    Nutrients.2024; 16(6): 888.     CrossRef
Socioeconomic inequalities in metabolic syndrome and its components in a sample of Iranian Kurdish adults
Pardis Mohammadzadeh, Farhad Moradpour, Bijan Nouri, Farideh Mostafavi, Farid Najafi, Ghobad Moradi
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023083.   Published online September 3, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023083
  • 3,153 View
  • 90 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The worldwide incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has increased in recent decades. In this study, we investigated the socioeconomic inequalities associated with MetS and its components in a sample of the Iranian Kurdish population.
METHODS
We used data from 3,996 participants, aged 35 years to 70 years, from the baseline phase of the Dehgolan Prospective Cohort Study (February 2018 to March 2019). The concentration index and concentration curve were used to measure inequality and the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method was used to examine the contribution of various determinants to the observed socioeconomic inequality in MetS and its components.
RESULTS
The prevalence of MetS was 34.44% (95% confidence interval [CI], 32.97 to 35.93). The prevalence of MetS was 26.18% for those in the highest socioeconomic status (SES), compared with 40.51% for participants in the lowest SES. There was a significant negative concentration index for MetS (C=-0.13; 95% CI, -0.16 to -0.09), indicating a concentration of MetS among participants with a lower SES. The most prevalent component was abdominal obesity (59.14%) with a significant negative concentration index (C=-0.21; 95% CI, -0.25 to -0.18). According to decomposition analysis, age, gender, and education were the highest contributing factors to inequality in MetS and its components.
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed socioeconomic inequality in MetS. People with a low SES were more likely to have MetS. Therefore, policymakers and health managers need to develop appropriate strategies to reduce these inequalities in MetS across age groups, genders, and education levels, especially among women and the elderly.
Summary
Key Message
This study sheds light on the presence of socioeconomic inequalities in metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Iranian Kurds. Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with a higher prevalence of MetS and its components. Addressing these socioeconomic factors is crucial to reduce health inequalities. Recognizing this association helps us understand the social determinants of health and design targeted interventions. Policymakers and health managers should prioritize developing strategies to reduce these inequalities in MetS across different age groups, genders, and educational levels, with a particular focus on vulnerable populations like women and the elderly.
Body mass index and prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Korean adults before and after the COVID-19 outbreak: a retrospective longitudinal study
Joo-Eun Jeong, Hoon-Ki Park, Hwan-Sik Hwang, Kye-Yeung Park, Myoung-Hye Lee, Seon-Hi Shin, Nayeon Choi
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023081.   Published online August 29, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023081
  • 4,997 View
  • 119 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Studies evaluating weight changes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have yielded inconsistent results, and most of those studies were based on self-reported anthropometric measures. We investigated changes in body mass index (BMI), professionally measured waist circumference (WC), and metabolic syndrome components from before to during the pandemic in a sample of the adult population in Korea.
METHODS
This retrospective study included 1,118 male and female (age≥18 years) who underwent health checkups at a university medical center between January 1, 2016 and March 31, 2022. Changes in BMI, lifestyles, and metabolic syndrome components during the pandemic were analyzed using the paired t-test, McNemar test, generalized estimating equations, and repeated-measures analysis of variance.
RESULTS
Changes in body weight, BMI, and body fat percentage during the pandemic were not clinically significant. However, statistically significant results were found for decreased physical activity (p<0.001) and WC (p<0.001), and exacerbation of all metabolic syndrome components (except serum triglyceride levels). Moreover, the metabolic syndrome prevalence increased significantly from 20.2% to 31.2% during the pandemic (p<0.001). The prevalence of abdominal obesity and high fasting blood glucose levels also significantly increased from 2019 to 2021.
CONCLUSIONS
Metabolic syndrome, its components, and fat distribution worsened significantly after the implementation of social distancing and lockdowns, despite no clinically significant changes in body weight and BMI. Further studies on the post- pandemic period should investigate the long-term impact of social lockdowns on BMI and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구에서는 한국인 성인들의 코로나 팬대믹으로 인한 사회적 거리 두기, 봉쇄 정책 전 후의 체질량지수, 생활습관, 그리고 대사증후군과 그 구성 요소들의 변화를 건강검진을 통해 측정한 객관적인 지표의 변화를 통해 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 사회적 거리 두기 및 봉쇄 전후의 체질량지수와 체중은 유의미한 변화가 없었으나, 신체 활동량은 유의미하게 감소하였고, 체지방률, 허리둘레가 늘어났다. 그리고 중성지방을 제외하고 다른 대사증후군의 구성 요소인 혈압, 고밀도지단백 콜레스테롤, 공복혈당 지표는 악화되었다. 하위 그룹 분석에서 매년 검진을 시행 받은 대상자들 및 고혈압, 당뇨병, 이상지질혈증 약을 복용하지 않는 대상자들의 코로나-19 전후 연도별 대사 지표의 변화를 분석한 결과, 복부비만 유병률과 공복 혈당의 증가 양상이 뚜렷하였다.
Key Message
Although there was no significant change in BMI and weight, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, and fasting blood glucose level prominently worsened after the implementation of social distancing and lockdowns. Such findings may indicate deterioration of insulin resistance during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides valuable information for healthcare professionals, policymakers, and the general public towards mitigating the negative consequences of the pandemic on metabolic health, regardless of weight gain.
Associations of cumulative average dietary total antioxidant capacity and intake of antioxidants with metabolic syndrome risk in Korean adults aged 40 years and older: a prospective cohort study (KoGES_CAVAS)
Ji-Sook Kong, Jiseon Lee, Youngjun Kim, Hye Won Woo, Min-Ho Shin, Sang Baek Koh, Hyeon Chang Kim, Yu-Mi Kim, Mi Kyung Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023067.   Published online July 28, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023067
  • 3,776 View
  • 120 Download
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Limited and inconsistent prospective evidence exists regarding the relationship of dietary total antioxidant capacity (dTAC) and antioxidant intake with metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk. We evaluated the associations of the cumulative averages of dTAC and antioxidant intake (in 5 classes: retinol, vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, and flavonoids, as well as 7 flavonoid subclasses) with the risk of MetS.
METHODS
This study included 11,379 participants without MetS, drawn from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study_CArdioVascular disease Association Study (KoGES_CAVAS). The cumulative average consumption was calculated using repeated food frequency questionnaires. Incidence rate ratios were estimated using a modified Poisson regression model with a robust error estimator.
RESULTS
The median follow-up period was 5.16 years, and 2,416 cases of MetS were recorded over 58,750 person-years. In men, significant inverse associations were observed in all 5 antioxidant classes, except for the highest quartile of dTAC. In women, dTAC and total flavonoids were not significantly associated with MetS; however, significant L-shaped associations were found for the remaining 4 antioxidant classes. Of the 7 flavonoid subclasses, only flavones in the highest quartile for men and flavan-3-ols in women lacked significant associations with MetS. The inverse associations were not sex-specific, but they were particularly pronounced among participants with a body mass index (BMI) of 23 kg/m<sup>2</sup> or higher.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that most antioxidant classes and flavonoid subclasses, unlike dTAC, exhibit a clear beneficial association with MetS in an L-shaped pattern in both men and women, particularly those with a high BMI.
Summary
Korean summary
농촌코호트 조사 참여자를 대상으로 식이 총항산화능, 총항산화능 하위분류, 플라보노이드 하위분류와 대사증후군 발생 위험의 전향적 연관성을 평가한 결과, 대부분의 항산화물(5개항산화물 분류:4개 항산화 비타민과 플라보노이드; 플라보노이드 7개 하부분류)에서 대사증후군과 음의 상관성을 확인할 수 있었으며 총항산화능(남자와 여자)과 플라보노이드(여자)에서 약한 연관성을 보였다. 남녀간 유의한 상호작용은 없었고 특히 BMI가 높은 집단에서 두드러졌다. 이 연구의 결과는 특히 식이 총항산화능을 구성하는 하위 유형을 적절히 섭취하는 것이 특히 비만한 성인에서 대사증후군 위험을 낮추는 예방전략으로 효과가 있을 수 있음을 시사한다.
Key Message
We observed that the cumulative average of dietary antioxidant vitamins and most flavonoids may be have pivotal roles in prevention of MetS, although there may be weak associations of dTAC and flavonoids in women. Moreover, these inverse associations were more pronounced in high BMI individuals. Our results suggest that the consumption of antioxidants and flavonoid may mitigate the MetS risk, particularly in overweight/obese individuals at high risk of developing chronic diseases.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The association of dietary total flavonoids and their subclasses with the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study
    Hye Won Woo, Mi Kyung Kim, Kong Ji-Sook, Jiseon Lee, Min-Ho Shin, Sang Baek Koh, Hyeon Chang Kim, Yu-Mi Kim
    European Journal of Nutrition.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Systematized Review of the Relationship Between Obesity and Vitamin C Requirements
    Julia K. Bird, Edith J.M. Feskens, Alida Melse-Boonstra
    Current Developments in Nutrition.2024; : 102152.     CrossRef
Changes in metabolic syndrome and the risk of breast and endometrial cancer according to menopause in Korean women
Thi Xuan Mai Tran, Soyeoun Kim, Boyoung Park
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023049.   Published online May 1, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023049
  • 4,397 View
  • 130 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated how changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with the subsequent risk of breast and endometrial cancer according to menopausal status.
METHODS
This cohort study, using data from the National Health Insurance Service database, included women aged ≥40 years who underwent 2 biennial cancer screenings (2009-2010 and 2011-2012) and were followed up until 2020. Participants were grouped into MetS-free, MetS-recovery, MetS-development, and MetS-persistent groups. Menopausal status (premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal) was assessed at 2 screenings. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess the association between MetS changes and cancer risk.
RESULTS
In 3,031,980 women, breast and endometrial cancers were detected in 39,184 and 4,298, respectively. Compared with the MetS-free group, those who recovered, developed, or had persistent MetS showed an increased risk of breast cancer, with adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of 1.05, 1.05, and 1.11, respectively (p<0.005). MetS persistence was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women (aHR, 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 1.16) but not in premenopausal or perimenopausal women. MetS persistence was associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer in premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women, with aHRs of 1.41 (95% CI, 1.17 to 1.70), 1.59 (95% CI, 1.19 to 2.12), and 1.47 (95% CI, 1.32 to 1.63), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Increased breast cancer risk was associated with recovered, developed, and persistent MetS in postmenopausal women. Meanwhile, increased endometrial cancer risk was found in obese women who recovered from MetS or persistently had MetS, regardless of menopausal status, when compared to MetS-free women.
Summary
Korean summary
- 폐경후 여성에서 대사증후군이 회복되었거나, 지속적으로 대사증후군을 앓고 있거나, 대사증후군이 발병한 여성은 유방암 위험과 관련이 있었습니다. - 한편, 폐경 상태와 관계없이 대사증후군에서 회복되었거나 지속적으로 대사증후군를 앓고 있는 비만 여성은 대사증후군이 없는 여성에 비해 자궁내막암 위험이 증가하는 것으로 나타났습니다.
Key Message
- Increased breast cancer risk was associated with recovered, developed, and persistent MetS in postmenopausal women. - Increased endometrial cancer risk was found in obese women who recovered from MetS or persistently had MetS, regardless of menopausal status, when compared to MetS-free women.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Melatonin, BAG-1 and cortisol circadian interactions in tumor pathogenesis and patterned immune responses
    George Anderson
    Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy.2023; : 962.     CrossRef
  • Changed Endocrinology in Postmenopausal Women: A Comprehensive View
    Vidhi Motlani, Gunjan Motlani, Soumya Pamnani, Akshat Sahu, Neema Acharya
    Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Changes in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults after the COVID-19 outbreak
Ji-Young Kwon, Sang-Wook Song
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022101.   Published online November 5, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022101
  • 3,353 View
  • 93 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study sought to reveal changes in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) after the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to identify the groups showing the greatest changes.
METHODS
We compared the prevalence of MetS between 2017–2019 (i.e., the 3-year period before the COVID-19 pandemic) and soon after the initial outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 among 24,564 adults ≥ 19 years of age using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
RESULTS
The prevalence of MetS increased steadily between 2017 and 2020 (29.4 to 35.3%, p for trend < 0.001), with annual percent changes of 2.0%p, 2.2%p, and 1.7%p, respectively. Compared to 3 years before the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of MetS significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in males (6.2%p; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.5 to 8.9) compared to females (1.5%p; 95% CI, -1.2 to 4.1). The age groups with the greatest increases in MetS prevalence after the COVID-19 pandemic were those in their 40s (4.6%p; 95% CI, 0.9 to 8.4) and 50s (5.8%p; 95% CI, 2.2 to 9.4). By educational background, the increase in MetS prevalence was greatest among those with a college degree or higher (5.1%p). The prevalence of MetS in high-income (5.3%p) and low-income (4.6%p) groups significantly increased.
CONCLUSIONS
The increasing trend in the overall prevalence of MetS continued during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the prevalence of MetS among adult males in their 40s and 50s increased significantly after the COVID-19 outbreak in Korea.
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Increasing incidence and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in people living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic
    Rebecka Papaioannu Borjesson, Laura Galli, Camilla Muccini, Andrea Poli, Tommaso Clemente, Martina Bottanelli, Nicola Gianotti, Silvia Nozza, Antonella Castagna, Vincenzo Spagnuolo
    Frontiers in Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Body mass index and prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Korean adults before and after the COVID-19 outbreak: a retrospective longitudinal study
    Joo-Eun Jeong, Hoon-Ki Park, Hwan-Sik Hwang, Kye-Yeung Park, Myoung-Hye Lee, Seon-Hi Shin, Nayeon Choi
    Epidemiology and Health.2023; 45: e2023081.     CrossRef
The association between metabolic syndrome and heart failure in middle-aged male and female: Korean population-based study of 2 million individuals
Tae-Eun Kim, Hyeongsu Kim, JiDong Sung, Duk-Kyung Kim, Myoung-Soon Lee, Seong Woo Han, Hyun-Joong Kim, Sung Hea Kim, Kyu-Hyung Ryu
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022078.   Published online September 21, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022078
  • 3,361 View
  • 66 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Although an association is known to exist between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and heart failure (HF) risk, large longitudinal studies are limited. We investigated metabolic status as a risk factor for HF in middle-aged male and female and considered sex differences in various risk factors for HF using nationwide real-world data.
METHODS
Data obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service from 2009 to 2016 were analyzed. A total of 2,151,597 middle-aged subjects (between 50 and 59 years old) were enrolled. Subjects were divided into 3 groups (normal, pre‐ MetS, and MetS). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association between MetS and incident HF after adjusting for clinical risk factors.
RESULTS
At baseline, MetS existed in 23.77% of male and 10.58% of female. Pre-MetS and MetS increased the risk of HF: the hazard ratios of pre-MetS for incident HF were 1.508 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.287 to 1.767) in male and 1.395 (95% CI, 1.158 to 1.681) in female, and those of MetS were 1.711 (95% CI, 1.433 to 2.044) in male and 2.144 (95% CI, 1.674 to 2.747) in female. Current smoking, a low hemoglobin level, underweight (body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2), a high creatinine level, and acute myocardial infarction were also predictors of HF in both sexes.
CONCLUSIONS
Pre-MetS and MetS were identified as risk factors for HF in middle-aged male and female. The effect of MetS on the occurrence of HF was stronger in female than in male. Pre-MetS was also a predictor of HF, but was associated with a lower risk than MetS.
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Integrating machine learning and nontargeted plasma lipidomics to explore lipid characteristics of premetabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome
    Xinfeng Huang, Qing He, Haiping Hu, Huanhuan Shi, Xiaoyang Zhang, Youqiong Xu
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 17-year follow-up of association between telomere length and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality in individuals with metabolic syndrome: results from the NHANES database prospective cohort study
    Lijiao Xiong, Guangyan Yang, Tianting Guo, Zhaohao Zeng, Tingfeng Liao, Yanchun Li, Ying Li, Fujuan Chen, Shu Yang, Lin Kang, Zhen Liang
    Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Modifications of long-term heart rate variability produced in an experimental model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome
    W. M. Lozano, J. E. Ortiz-Guzmán, O. Arias-Mutis, A. Bizy, P. Genovés, L. Such-Miquel, A. Alberola, F. J. Chorro, M. Zarzoso, C. J. Calvo
    Interface Focus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Systematic Review
The relationship between metabolic syndrome and its components with bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Mozhgan Ahmadinezhad, Maedeh Arshadi, Elahe Hesari, Maedeh Sharafoddin, Hosein Azizi, Farzad Khodamoradi
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022050.   Published online May 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022050
  • 8,418 View
  • 335 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
A previous meta-analysis, entitled “The association between metabolic syndrome and bladder cancer susceptibility and prognosis: an updated comprehensive evidence synthesis of 95 observational studies involving 97,795,299 subjects,” focused on all observational studies, whereas in the present meta-analysis, we focused on cohort studies to obtain more accurate and stronger evidence to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome and its components with bladder cancer. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to identify studies on the association between metabolic syndrome and its components with bladder cancer from January 1, 2000 through May 23, 2021. The pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to measure this relationship using a random-effects meta-analytic model. Quality appraisal was undertaken using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. In total, 56 studies were included. A statistically significant relationship was found between metabolic syndrome and bladder cancer 1.09 (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.17), and there was evidence of moderate heterogeneity among these studies. Our findings also indicated statistically significant relationships between diabetes (RR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.31) and hypertension (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.13) with bladder cancer, but obesity and overweight did not present a statistically significant relationship with bladder cancer. We found no evidence of publication bias. Our analysis demonstrated statistically significant relationships between metabolic syndrome and the risk of bladder cancer. Furthermore, diabetes and hypertension were associated with the risk of bladder cancer.
Summary
Key Message
In this meta-analysis study, an attempt was made to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and its components with bladder cancer, and as a result of this study, the relationship between metabolic syndrome and its components such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and bladder cancer was observed. Metabolic syndrome is more common among middle-aged and elderly people, and the elderly population is increasing worldwide, so the prevalence of this disease shortly may affect the healthcare system. Therefore, with correct health policies in all societies, the exorbitant costs that this disease brings can be avoided.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The causal relationship between osteoarthritis and bladder cancer: A Mendelian randomization study
    Xi Zhang, Zengjin Wen, Zixuan Xing, Xiaoyu Zhou, Zhiluo Yang, Ruijun Dong, Jiao Yang
    Cancer Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Machine learning algorithms predicting bladder cancer associated with diabetes and hypertension: NHANES 2009 to 2018
    Siying Xu, Jing Huang
    Medicine.2024; 103(4): e36587.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiology of Bladder Cancer in 2023: A Systematic Review of Risk Factors
    Ibrahim Jubber, Sean Ong, Laura Bukavina, Peter C. Black, Eva Compérat, Ashish M. Kamat, Lambertus Kiemeney, Nathan Lawrentschuk, Seth P. Lerner, Joshua J. Meeks, Holger Moch, Andrea Necchi, Valeria Panebianco, Srikala S. Sridhar, Ariana Znaor, James W.F.
    European Urology.2023; 84(2): 176.     CrossRef
  • The Characterization of Non-oncologic Chronic Drug Therapy in Bladder Cancer Patients and the Impact on Recurrence-Free and Cancer-Specific Survival: A Prospective Study
    Dorothea Strobach, Lisa Haimerl, Hanna Mannell, Christian G. Stief, Alexander Karl, Tobias Grimm, Alexander Buchner
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(21): 6749.     CrossRef
Original Articles
The association between fruit and vegetable consumption and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: does multivitamin use matter?
Jihae Kim, Li-Juan Tan, Hyein Jung, Yumi Roh, Kyungjoon Lim, Sangah Shin
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022039.   Published online April 19, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022039
  • 9,170 View
  • 308 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is closely associated with dietary intake; however, few studies have investigated whether the consumption of fruits and vegetables and multivitamin use affect MetS in the Korean population. This study aimed to examine these effects in Korean adults.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study of 89,548 participants aged between 40 years and 69 years selected from the baseline data of the Health Examinees study conducted in Korea. Fresh vegetable and fruit consumption was assessed using a validated 106-item food frequency questionnaire. MetS and its components were defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify associations of fresh vegetable, fruit, and fresh vegetable+fruit consumption and multivitamin use with the prevalence of MetS.
RESULTS
Female in the highest quartile of fresh vegetable, fruit, and fresh vegetable + fruit consumption exhibited a lower prevalence of MetS than those in the lowest quartile. An inverse association with the prevalence of MetS was observed among male with only fresh vegetable consumption. The interaction between the 3 categories and multivitamin intake on the prevalence of MetS was not significant (all p<sub>interaction</sub>>0.05), regardless of sex.
CONCLUSIONS
Multivitamin use and consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits had no significant synergistic effects. Although fresh vegetable and fruit consumption showed an inverse association with the prevalence of MetS, this relationship was not altered by multivitamin use.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 한국인 유전체역학조사사업의 도시코호트 조사에 참여한 40-69세 한국 성인 89 548명의 과일과 채소의 섭취와 종합비타민 섭취가 대사증후군에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 매일 다양한 과일과 채소를 섭취하면, 종합비타민의 섭취와 상관없이 대사증후군 유병 위험도를 낮추는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서, 대사증후군 예방을 위해서는 일상적인 식사에서 충분한 과일과 채소를 섭취하는 것이 권장된다.
Key Message
This study aimed to examine whether the consumption of fruits and vegetables and multivitamin use affect MetS among Korean middle-aged adults. Data was from the Health Examinees Study among 89 548 subjects. Results suggested that fruits and vegetables consumption was related with a decreased prevalence of MetS. However, there was no significant synergistic effect between the consumption of fruits and vegetables and multivitamin use in further reducing MetS prevalence.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Association of serum water-soluble vitamin exposures with the risk of metabolic syndrome: results from NHANES 2003-2006
    Xun Pei, Junjie Yao, Simiao Ran, Haifei Lu, Shuo Yang, Yini Zhang, Miyuan Wang, Heyuan Shi, Aihua Tan
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Joint association of aerobic physical activity and muscle-strengthening activities with metabolic syndrome : the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014-2015
Jungjun Lim, Soyoung Park, Joon-Sik Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021096.   Published online November 6, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021096
  • 8,605 View
  • 149 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to examine whether simultaneously meeting the combined guidelines of accelerometer-assessed moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and self-reported muscle-strengthening activity (MSA) was associated with lower odds of metabolic syndrome (MetS) than meeting neither or 1 of the guidelines among the Koreans.
METHODS
This cross-sectional analysis included 1,355 participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014-2015). Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations across groups of MVPA-MSA guideline adherence (meeting neither [reference]; meeting MVPA only; meeting MSA only; meeting both MVPS and MSA) with MetS components (abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], hypertension, and hyperglycemia). The odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for covariates (e.g., sex, age, body mass index, and accelerometer wearing time).
RESULTS
MSA only significantly reduced the OR for abdominal obesity (OR, 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13 to 0.91). Meeting both MVPA and MSA reduced the OR for hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.88) and low HDL-C (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.68). Compared to meeting neither, MVPA only (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.89) and both MVPA and MSA (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.76) significantly reduced the OR for MetS.
CONCLUSIONS
Combined MVPA-MSA was more beneficially associated with MetS prevalence than MVPA only and MSA only. Considering that more than 85% of Korean adults do not meet both the MVPA and MSA guidelines, public health actions to promote adherence should be supported.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 2014-2015 국민건강영양조사 자료의 가속도계 자료와 신체활동 설문지를 활용하여 한국 성인의 유산소 신체활동과 근력강화운동 지침 충족 여부에 따른 대사증후군의 오즈비를 확인하였다. 그 결과, 유산소 신체활동과 근력강화운동 지침을 모두 충족한 한국 성인은 둘 중 하나의 지침만을 충족하거나, 모두 충족하지 않는 성인에 비해 더 낮은 오즈비를 나타내었다.
Key Message
In this study, the 2014-2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, the odds ratio of metabolic syndrome was confirmed according to the guidelines for aerobic physical activities and muscle-strengthening activities were met in Korean adults. As a result, Korean adults who met both the guidelines for aerobic physical activity and muscle-strengthening activities showed a lower odds ratio than adults who met only one of the guidelines or did not meet both guidelines.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Association Between Frequency of Muscle-Strengthening Exercise and Depression Symptoms Among Middle and High School Students: Cross-Sectional Survey Study
    Hao Wang, Huaidong Du, Yunqi Guan, Jieming Zhong, Na Li, Jin Pan, Min Yu
    JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2024; 10: e50996.     CrossRef
  • The effect of Tabata-style functional high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health and physical activity in female university students
    Yining Lu, Huw D. Wiltshire, Julien Steven Baker, Qiaojun Wang, Shanshan Ying
    Frontiers in Physiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association of Aerobic and Muscle-strengthening Activities with AIP in Korean Adults: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014-2019
    Jungjun Lim, Yang Hei, Yeonsoo Kim
    Journal of Korean Association of Physical Education and Sport for Girls and Women.2022; 36(3): 245.     CrossRef
  • Current status of health promotion in Korea
    Soo Young Kim
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 776.     CrossRef
  • Aerobic or Muscle-Strengthening Physical Activity: Which Is Better for Health?
    Angelique G. Brellenthin, Jason A. Bennie, Duck-chul Lee
    Current Sports Medicine Reports.2022; 21(8): 272.     CrossRef
Cohort Profile
Cohort profile: the Ewha Birth and Growth Study
Hye Ah Lee, Bohyun Park, Jungwon Min, Eun Jeong Choi, Ui Jeong Kim, Hyun Jin Park, Eun Ae Park, Su Jin Cho, Hae Soon Kim, Hwayoung Lee, Young Ju Kim, Young Sun Hong, Eui-Jung Kim, Eun Hee Ha, Hyesook Park
Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021016.   Published online February 22, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021016
  • 11,866 View
  • 404 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
With the introduction of life-course epidemiology, researchers realized the importance of identifying risk factors in early life to prevent chronic diseases. This led to the establishment of the Ewha Birth and Growth Study in 2001; the study is a prospective birth cohort designed to provide evidence of early life risk factors for a child’s growth and health. Participants were recruited from those who visited Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital (a tertiary hospital in southwest Seoul, Korea) for prenatal care at 24-28 weeks of gestation. In total, 891 mothers enrolled in this study between 2001 and 2006 and their offspring (n=940) were followed-up. Regular check-up examinations of offspring were conducted at 3 years, 5 years, and 7 years of age and every year thereafter. To consider age-related health issues, extensive data were collected using questionnaires and measurements. In 2021, the study subjects will reach 19 years of age, and we are planning a check-up examination for early adulthood. About 20 years have passed since the cohort data were collected, and we have published results on childhood health outcomes associated with prenatal and birth characteristics, genetic and epigenetic characteristics related to childhood metabolism, the effects of exposure to endocrine disruptors, and dietary patterns in childhood. Recently, we started reporting on topics related to adolescent health. The findings will facilitate identification of early life risk factors for chronic diseases and the development of interventions for diseases later in life.
Summary
Korean summary
이화영아성장코호트는 만성질환 예방을 위한 생애초기 위험인자에 대한 근거를 제공하기 위해 2001년에 시작되었습니다. 이화영아성장코호트는 국내에서 선도적인 장기 추적관찰 연구로, 소아기 건강과 관련된 산전 및 출생 시 특징, 소아기 대사와 관련된 유전적 혹은 후성학적 특성, 내분비 장애물질 노출에 따른 영향, 소아기의 식이패턴과 같은 다양한 연구결과들을 발표하였습니다. 추후 청년기의 자료 수집을 계획하고 있으며, 우리의 연구결과는 만성질환 예방을 위한 중재 개발에 기여할 것으로 기대됩니다.
Key Message
To provide evidence of early life risk factors for the prevention of chronic diseases, the Ewha Birth and Growth Study was started in 2001. The Ewha Birth and Growth cohort is a leading long-term follow-up study in Korea, and we have published results on childhood health outcomes associated with prenatal and birth characteristics, genetic and epigenetic characteristics related to childhood metabolism, the effects of exposure to endocrine disruptors, and dietary patterns in childhood. We are planning to collect data for early adulthood, and our findings will contribute to the development of interventions to prevent chronic diseases.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Prospective association between phthalate exposure in childhood and liver function in adolescence: the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort Study
    Seonhwa Lee, Hye Ah Lee, Bohyun Park, Hyejin Han, Young Sun Hong, Eun Hee Ha, Hyesook Park
    Environmental Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • BMI trajectory and inflammatory effects on metabolic syndrome in adolescents
    Ui-Jeong Kim, Eun Jeong Choi, Hyunjin Park, Hye Ah Lee, Bohyun Park, Jungwon Min, Eun Ae Park, Su Jin Cho, Hae Soon Kim, Hwayoung Lee, Young Ju Kim, Young Sun Hong, Eun Hee Ha, Seungyoun Jung, Hyesook Park
    Pediatric Research.2023; 94(1): 153.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Childhood Obesity or Sarcopenic Obesity on Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Adolescence: The Ewha Birth and Growth Study
    Hyunjin Park, Seunghee Jun, Hye-Ah Lee, Hae Soon Kim, Young Sun Hong, Hyesook Park
    Metabolites.2023; 13(1): 133.     CrossRef
  • Synergistic effect of serum uric acid and body mass index trajectories during middle to late childhood on elevation of liver enzymes in early adolescence: Findings from the Ewha Birth and Growth Study
    Sung Hee Lee, Eun Jeong Choi, Ui Jeong Kim, Hyunjin Park, Bomi Park, Hye Ah Lee, Hyesook Park, Linglin Xie
    PLOS ONE.2023; 18(4): e0282830.     CrossRef
  • The association between urinary cotinine level and metabolic syndrome profiles among adolescents: findings from the Ewha Birth and growth study
    Hyunjin Park, Ui-Jeong Kim, Eun Jeong Choi, Seunghee Jun, Bomi Park, Hye Ah Lee, Hae Soon Kim, Hyesook Park
    BMC Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Mediating Effect of Inflammation between the Dietary and Health-Related Behaviors and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescence
    Ui-Jeong Kim, Eun-Jeong Choi, Hyunjin Park, Hye-Ah Lee, Bomi Park, Haesoon Kim, Youngsun Hong, Seungyoun Jung, Hyesook Park
    Nutrients.2022; 14(11): 2339.     CrossRef
  • Precision medicine via the integration of phenotype-genotype information in neonatal genome project
    Xinran Dong, Tiantian Xiao, Bin Chen, Yulan Lu, Wenhao Zhou
    Fundamental Research.2022; 2(6): 873.     CrossRef
  • Association of participation in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 with mental disorders and suicidal behaviour
    Martta Kerkelä, Mika Gissler, Juha Veijola
    Epidemiology and Health.2022; 44: e2022005.     CrossRef
  • Trajectory patterns for continuous metabolic syndrome score in childhood and the cardiovascular risk in adolescence
    Eun Jeong Choi, Hye Ah Lee, Bomi Park, Bohyun Park, Hae Soon Kim, Young Sun Hong, Hyesook Park
    Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
Original Article
Comparison between walking and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity: associations with metabolic syndrome components in Korean older adults
Ki-Yong An
Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020066.   Published online October 28, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020066
  • 9,234 View
  • 141 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • 8 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to compare moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with walking in terms of associations with metabolic syndrome components in Korean older adults.
METHODS
Data on 1,388 older adults (age ≥65 years) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018 were analyzed in this study. MVPA time and walking time per week were used as physical activity variables and blood pressure, waist circumference, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were analyzed as metabolic syndrome components. Partial correlations, analysis of covariance, and multinomial logistic regression were used for statistical analysis after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
RESULTS
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the low MVPA/high walking and high MVPA/ high walking groups than in the low MVPA/low walking group. Triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the high MVPA/ high walking group than in the low MVPA/low walking and low MVPA/high walking groups. Engaging in <150 min/wk of MVPA increased the likelihood of abnormal blood pressure and metabolic syndrome by 1.81 times and 1.89 times, respectively, compared to ≥150 min/wk of MVPA. Engaging in <180 min/wk of walking raised the likelihood of having abnormal highdensity lipoprotein levels by 1.32 times compared to ≥180 min/wk of walking.
CONCLUSIONS
Not only MVPA but also walking was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome components in Korean older adults. Considering older adults’ preferences and exercise barriers, walking should be considered as an essential component of physical activity guidelines to prevent chronic diseases in older adults.
Summary
Korean summary
현재까지 저강도 신체활동 (걷기)은 중고강도 신체활동에 비해 상대적으로 그 중요성이 간과되어 왔다. 하지만 본 연구는 저강도 신체활동도 중고강도 신체활동 못지 않게 노인들에게서 대사증후군을 예방할 수 있는 중요한 역할을 할 수 있음을 보여준다. 게다가 노인들의 신체적 제약, 부상의 위험, 운동 선호도 등을 감안하면 걷기와 같은 저강도 신체활동은 노인들의 건강유지를 위한 신체활동 권고사항의 필수요소로 고려되어야 함을 제안한다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Interactive associations of smoking and physical activity with metabolic syndrome in adult men in Korea
    Minjun Kim, Joonwoong Kim, Inhwan Lee
    Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Differences in the Correlation between the Built Environment and Walking, Moderate, and Vigorous Physical Activity among the Elderly in Low- and High-Income Areas
    Peng Zang, Fei Xian, Hualong Qiu, Shifa Ma, Hongxu Guo, Mengrui Wang, Linchuan Yang
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(3): 1894.     CrossRef
  • A Cross-Sectional Study on Self-Perceived Health and Physical Activity Level in the Spanish Population
    Ángel Denche-Zamorano, María Mendoza-Muñoz, Jorge Carlos-Vivas, Laura Muñoz-Bermejo, Jorge Rojo-Ramos, Raquel Pastor-Cisneros, Frano Giakoni-Ramírez, Andrés Godoy-Cumillaf, Sabina Barrios-Fernandez
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(9): 5656.     CrossRef
  • Hand Grip Strength and Likelihood of Moderate-to-Severe Airflow Limitation in the General Population
    Sunyoung Kim, Hyoung Kyu Yoon, Chin Kook Rhee, Hee-Won Jung, Hyun Lee, Yong Suk Jo
    International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.2022; Volume 17: 1237.     CrossRef
  • The neighbourhood environment and profiles of the metabolic syndrome
    Anthony Barnett, Erika Martino, Luke D. Knibbs, Jonathan E. Shaw, David W. Dunstan, Dianna J. Magliano, David Donaire-Gonzalez, Ester Cerin
    Environmental Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Non-Randomized Combined Program of Walking and Low-Load Resistance Exercise Improves Cognitive Function and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Community-Dwelling Elderly Women
    Jeonghyeon Kim, Seamon Kang, Haeryun Hong, Mingyu Joo, Hyunsik Kang
    Healthcare.2022; 10(10): 2106.     CrossRef
  • Accuracy of steps measured by smartphones-based WeRun compared with ActiGraph-GT3X accelerometer in free-living conditions
    Qinqin Yao, Jing Wang, Yucong Sun, Li Zhang, Shuangyuan Sun, Minna Cheng, Qinping Yang, Siyuan Wang, Ling Huang, Tao Lin, Yingnan Jia
    Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Associations of Walking Activity With Hypertensive Mediated Organ Damage in Community-Dwelling Elderly Chinese: The Northern Shanghai Study
    Yuyan Lyu, Shikai Yu, Chen Chi, Jiadela Teliewubai, Jue Li, Jacques Blacher, Jun Pu, Yi Zhang, Yawei Xu
    Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
Brief Communication
Testosterone levels and cause-specific mortality in the older French men without metabolic syndrome
Nasser Laouali, Sylvie Brailly-Tabard, Catherine Helmer, Marie-Laure Ancelin, Christophe Tzourio, Alexis Elbaz, Anne Guiochon-Mantel, Marianne Canonico
Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020036.   Published online June 1, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020036
  • 10,913 View
  • 132 Download
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Previous studies have reported controversial findings regarding the association of testosterone with mortality in older men. This heterogeneity might be partially explained by comorbidities and the presence of metabolic syndrome, as well as differential associations according to causes of death.
METHODS
We used data from a random subsample of the Three-City study, in which hormone levels were measured in 338 men ≥65 years without metabolic syndrome who were followed-up for 12 years. Vital status was determined for all participants from different sources. We used inverse-probability-weighted Cox regression to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of cause-specific mortality and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
Over the follow-up period, 130 men died (30 from cardiovascular disease, 45 from cancer, 55 from other causes). The association of testosterone with mortality showed significant heterogeneity across causes of death (p=0.027 and p=0.022 for total and bioavailable testosterone, respectively). Higher testosterone levels were associated with increased cardiovascular mortality (HR for 1-standard deviation increase, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.28 to 2.71 and 1.50; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.17 for total and bioavailable testosterone, respectively). By contrast, there were no significant associations of testosterone with mortality from cancer and other causes.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that the association of testosterone with mortality in men without metabolic syndrome might be differential according to the cause of death. These findings may partially explain the heterogeneity across studies on the relationship between testosterone levels and mortality.
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Testosterone, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risks
    Anastasia V. Makarova, Sergey B. Shustov, Yuri S. Khalimov, Sergey V. Gaiduk, Viktor P. Kitsyshin, Dmitry S. Frolov
    Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy.2023; 25(3): 481.     CrossRef
Review
The criteria for metabolic syndrome and the national health screening and education system in Japan
Kazumasa Yamagishi, Hiroyasu Iso
Epidemiol Health. 2017;39:e2017003.   Published online January 6, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2017003
  • 19,681 View
  • 575 Download
  • 92 Web of Science
  • 85 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
Two major definitions of metabolic syndrome have been proposed. One focuses on the accumulation of risk factors, a measure used by the American Heart Association (AHA) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); the other focuses on abdominal obesity, a measure used by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the Japanese government. The latter definition takes waist circumference (WC) into consideration as an obligatory component, whereas the former does not. In 2009, the IDF, NHLBI, AHA, and other organizations attempted to unify these criteria; as a result, WC is no longer an obligatory component of those systems, while it remains obligatory in the Japanese criteria. In 2008, a new Japanese cardiovascular screening and education system focused on metabolic syndrome was launched. People undergoing screening are classified into three groups according to the presence of abdominal obesity and the number of metabolic risk factors, and receive health educational support from insurers. This system has yielded several beneficial outcomes: the visibility of metabolic syndrome at the population level has drastically improved; preventive measures have been directed toward metabolic syndrome, which is expected to become more prevalent in future generations; and a post-screening education system has been established. However, several problems with the current system have been identified and are under debate. In this review, we discuss topics related to metabolic syndrome, including (1) the Japanese criteria for metabolic syndrome; (2) metabolic syndrome and the universal health screening and education system; and (3) recent debates about Japanese criteria for metabolic syndrome.
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effect of overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome on frailty in middle‐aged and older Japanese adults
    Yuki Nishida, Yosuke Yamada, Satoshi Sasaki, Eiichiro Kanda, Yoshihiko Kanno, Tatsuhiko Anzai, Kunihiko Takahashi, Keita Yamauchi, Fuminori Katsukawa
    Obesity Science & Practice.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Associating Liver Enzymes and Their Interactions with Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence in a Japanese Working Population
    Aziz Jamal, Akira Babazono, Ning Liu, Rieko Yamao, Takako Fujita, Sung-a Kim, Yunfei Li
    Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders.2024; 22(1): 27.     CrossRef
  • Comprehensive lifestyle modification interventions for metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
    Sungwon Park, Jiwon Lee, Jo Woon Seok, Chang Gi Park, Jin Jun
    Journal of Nursing Scholarship.2024; 56(2): 249.     CrossRef
  • Metabolic syndrome is linked to the incidence of pancreatic cancer
    Yohei Miyashita, Tatsuro Hitsumoto, Hiroki Fukuda, Jiyoong Kim, Shin Ito, Naoki Kimoto, Koko Asakura, Yutaka Yata, Masami Yabumoto, Takashi Washio, Masafumi Kitakaze
    eClinicalMedicine.2024; 67: 102353.     CrossRef
  • HIPOGONADISMO MASCULINO E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A SINDROME METABÓLICA
    João Carlos Pinto, Ruth Silva Lima Da Costa
    REVISTA FOCO.2024; 17(1): e4147.     CrossRef
  • Concordance between metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    Keito Suzuki, Nobuharu Tamaki, Masayuki Kurosaki, Yuka Takahashi, Yudai Yamazaki, Naoki Uchihara, Yuki Tanaka, Haruka Miyamoto, Michiko Yamada, Taisei Keitoku, Risa Okada, Mayu Higuchi, Kenta Takaura, Shohei Tanaka, Chiaki Maeyashiki, Yutaka Yasui, Kaoru
    Hepatology Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prospective association of daily ambulatory activity with metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older Japanese adults: the Toon Health Study
    Naofumi Yamamoto, Koutatsu Maruyama, Isao Saito, Kiyohide Tomooka, Takeshi Tanigawa, Ryoichi Kawamura, Yasunori Takata, Haruhiko Osawa
    International Journal of Obesity.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of the national lifestyle guidance intervention for metabolic syndrome among middle-aged people in Japan
    Yunfei Li, Akira Babazono, Aziz Jamal, Ning Liu, Lifan Liang, Reiko Yamao, Rui Zhao, Lan Yao
    Journal of Global Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Impact of pemafibrate on lipid profile and insulin resistance in hypertriglyceridemic patients with coronary artery disease and metabolic syndrome
    Akihiro Nakamura, Yuta Kagaya, Hiroki Saito, Masanori Kanazawa, Kenjiro Sato, Masanobu Miura, Masateru Kondo, Hideaki Endo
    Heart and Vessels.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • One Cup of Coffee a Day Modulates the Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Eating Fast: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Reisa Hiramatsu, Etsuko Ozaki, Satomi Tomida, Teruhide Koyama
    Healthcare.2024; 12(6): 603.     CrossRef
  • Assessment of Hemoglobin A1c Management and Prescription Cost Due to Polypharmacy Among Patients With Diabetes in Iran Based on the STEPS Iran 2016 Survey and a Prescription Database: A Multi-level, Cross-sectional National Study
    Mojdeh Daneshmand, Hamidreza Jamshidi, Mohammad Hadi Farjoo, Mohammad Reza Malekpour, Erfan Ghasemi, Seyede Salehe Mortazavi, Mohsen Shati, Farshad Farzadfar
    Archives of Iranian Medicine.2024; 27(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy and Safety of Pemafibrate Versus Bezafibrate to Treat Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia: A Randomized Crossover Study
    Akihiro Nakamura, Yuta Kagaya, Hiroki Saito, Masanori Kanazawa, Kenjiro Sato, Masanobu Miura, Masateru Kondo, Hideaki Endo
    Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis.2023; 30(5): 443.     CrossRef
  • High‐intensity interval training improves metabolic syndrome in women with breast cancer receiving Anthracyclines
    Paola Gonzalo‐Encabo, Cami N. Christopher, Kyuwan Lee, Amber J. Normann, Alexandra G. Yunker, Mary K. Norris, Ellice Wang, Christina M. Dieli‐Conwright
    Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports.2023; 33(4): 475.     CrossRef
  • Overlooking of Individuals with Cardiometabolic Risk by Evaluation of Obesity Using Waist Circumference and Body Mass Index in Middle-Aged Japanese Women
    Ichiro Wakabayashi
    Healthcare.2023; 11(5): 701.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Association with Disease
    Mahmood Dhahir Al-Mendalawi
    Indian Journal of Rheumatology.2023; 18(3): 235.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of surgical treatment on polypharmacy of elderly patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis: retrospective exploratory research
    Sota Nagai, Risa Inagaki, Takehiro Michikawa, Soya Kawabata, Kaori Ito, Kurenai Hachiya, Hiroki Takeda, Daiki Ikeda, Shinjiro Kaneko, Shigeki Yamada, Nobuyuki Fujita
    BMC Geriatrics.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Progress in Understanding Metabolic Syndrome and Knowledge of Its Complex Pathophysiology
    Birendra Kumar Jha, Mingma Lhamu Sherpa, Mohammad Imran, Yousuf Mohammed, Laxmi Akhileshwar Jha, Keshav Raj Paudel, Saurav Kumar Jha
    Diabetology.2023; 4(2): 134.     CrossRef
  • Development of predictive equation and score for 5-year metabolic syndrome incidence in Japanese adults
    Anwar Ahmed Salim, Shin Kawasoe, Takuro Kubozono, Satoko Ojima, Takeko Kawabata, Hiroshi Hashiguchi, Yoshiyuki Ikeda, Masaaki Miyata, Hironori Miyahara, Koichi Tokushige, Yoshihiko Nishio, Mitsuru Ohishi, Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
    PLOS ONE.2023; 18(4): e0284139.     CrossRef
  • Importance of a Community-Based Approach to Accelerate Referral to Physicians for Individuals with a High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
    Rumi Tsukinoki
    Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis.2023; 30(10): 1315.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Its Correlation with Body Mass Index Airflow Obstruction Dyspnea and Exercise Index and C-reactive Protein
    Mahmood Dhahir Al-Mendalawi
    Indian Journal of Respiratory Care.2023; 12(2): 206.     CrossRef
  • Hyperfructosemia in sleep disordered breathing: metabolome analysis of Nagahama study
    Yoshinari Nakatsuka, Kimihiko Murase, Kazuhiro Sonomura, Yasuharu Tabara, Tadao Nagasaki, Satoshi Hamada, Takeshi Matsumoto, Takuma Minami, Osamu Kanai, Hirofumi Takeyama, Hironobu Sunadome, Naomi Takahashi, Isuzu Nakamoto, Kiminobu Tanizawa, Tomohiro Han
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Body Composition Analysis in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease
    Saori Onishi, Akira Fukuda, Masahiro Matsui, Kosuke Ushiro, Tomohiro Nishikawa, Akira Asai, Soo Ki Kim, Hiroki Nishikawa
    Nutrients.2023; 15(18): 3878.     CrossRef
  • Lifestyle behaviour patterns in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Fukushima Health Database 2015–2020
    E. Ma, M. Fukasawa, T. Ohira, S. Yasumura, T. Suzuki, A. Furuyama, M. Kataoka, K. Matsuzaki, M. Sato, M. Hosoya
    Public Health.2023; 224: 98.     CrossRef
  • Latent profile analysis approach to the relationship between daily ambulatory activity patterns and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly Japanese individuals: The Toon Health Study
    Naofumi Yamamoto, Koutatsu Maruyama, Isao Saito, Kiyohide Tomooka, Takeshi Tanigawa, Ryoichi Kawamura, Yasunori Takata, Haruhiko Osawa
    Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2023; 28: 57.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its Clinical and Angiographic Profile in Patients with Naive Acute Coronary Syndrome
    Mahmood Dhahir Al-Mendalawi
    Journal of Indian College of Cardiology.2023; 13(3): 131.     CrossRef
  • Association Between Awareness of Limiting Food Intake and All-cause Mortality: A Cohort Study in Japan
    Daisaku Nishimoto, Rie Ibusuki, Ippei Shimoshikiryo, Kenichi Shibuya, Shiroh Tanoue, Chihaya Koriyama, Toshiro Takezaki, Isao Oze, Hidemi Ito, Asahi Hishida, Takashi Tamura, Yasufumi Kato, Yudai Tamada, Yuichiro Nishida, Chisato Shimanoe, Sadao Suzuki, Ta
    Journal of Epidemiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Statins and new-onset diabetes in primary prevention setting: an updated meta-analysis stratified by baseline diabetes risk
    Walter Masson, Martín Lobo, Leandro Barbagelata, Juan P. Nogueira
    Acta Diabetologica.2023; 61(3): 351.     CrossRef
  • Association between the Suita Score and Body Composition in Japanese Adults: A Large Cross-Sectional Study
    Saori Onishi, Akira Fukuda, Masahiro Matsui, Kosuke Ushiro, Tomohiro Nishikawa, Akira Asai, Soo Ki Kim, Hiroki Nishikawa
    Nutrients.2023; 15(22): 4816.     CrossRef
  • Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review from the Oxidative Stress to the Management of Related Diseases
    Giovanni Martemucci, Giuseppe Fracchiolla, Marilena Muraglia, Roberta Tardugno, Roberta Savina Dibenedetto, Angela Gabriella D’Alessandro
    Antioxidants.2023; 12(12): 2091.     CrossRef
  • Resistencia a la insulina: sustrato fisiopatológico del síndrome metabólico
    María Victoria García Mendoza, Eder Garcés Paredes, Shaaron Magaly Pazmiño Moya, Jean Pierre Prado Mendoza, Marieta Stefania Moreira Pincay
    Anatomía Digital.2023; 6(3.3): 6.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Japanese Cuisine-Based Antihypertensive Diet and Fish Oil on Blood Pressure and Its Variability in Participants with Untreated Normal High Blood Pressure or Stage I Hypertension: A Feasibility Randomized Controlled Study
    Seiji Umemoto, Uran Onaka, Reo Kawano, Atsuko Kawamura, Sayaka Motoi, Naoki Honda, Hiroki Kanazashi, Makoto Mitarai
    Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis.2022; 29(2): 152.     CrossRef
  • Stages of a Transtheoretical Model as Predictors of the Decline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate: A Retrospective Cohort Study
    Daisuke Takada, Susumu Kunisawa, Akira Kikuno, Tomoko Iritani, Yuichi Imanaka
    Journal of Epidemiology.2022; 32(7): 323.     CrossRef
  • The Harm Inflicted by Polite Concern: Language, Fat, and Stigma
    Cindi SturtzSreetharan, Sarah Trainer, Alexandra Brewis
    Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry.2022; 46(4): 683.     CrossRef
  • Association Between Dietary Patterns and Different Metabolic Phenotypes in Japanese Adults: WASEDA'S Health Study
    Kumpei Tanisawa, Tomoko Ito, Ryoko Kawakami, Chiyoko Usui, Takuji Kawamura, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Shizuo Sakamoto, Kaori Ishii, Isao Muraoka, Koichiro Oka, Mitsuru Higuchi
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effects of Body Weight Change on Development of Chronic Kidney Disease in Obese Metabolic Phenotypes
    Akiko Toda, Shigeko Hara, Hiroshi Tsuji, Yasuji Arase
    Nephron.2022; 146(5): 449.     CrossRef
  • Sleep Satisfaction May Modify the Association between Metabolic Syndrome and BMI, Respectively, and Occupational Stress in Japanese Office Workers
    Helena Pham, Thomas Svensson, Ung-il Chung, Akiko Kishi Svensson
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(9): 5095.     CrossRef
  • Beneficial effects of blueberry supplementation on the components of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Hushyar Azari, Ashti Morovati, Bahram Pourghassem Gargari, Parvin Sarbakhsh
    Food & Function.2022; 13(9): 4875.     CrossRef
  • Empagliflozin in kidney transplant recipients with chronic kidney disease G3a-4 and metabolic syndrome: Five Japanese cases
    Ryoichi Miyazaki, Kyoko Miyagi
    BMC Nephrology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Subjective irregular sleep is associated with metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study
    Yasuhiro Ogura, Teruhide Koyama, Etsuko Ozaki, Chie Omichi, Ritei Uehara
    Preventive Medicine Reports.2022; 28: 101844.     CrossRef
  • Obesity and Voiding Parameters in a Community-Based Population of Okinawa, Japan: Kumejima Digital Health Project (KDHP)
    Asuka Ashikari, Minoru Miyazato, Koshi Nakamura, Kiyoto Yamashiro, Takehiro Nakamura, Tsugumi Uema, Moriyuki Uehara, Hiroaki Masuzaki, Seiichi Saito, Shiro Maeda, Hajime Ishida, Masayuki Matsushita
    Metabolites.2022; 12(5): 468.     CrossRef
  • The impact of the National Health Program on diabetes incidence among working-age men with prediabetes: A regression discontinuity analysis of a nation-wide database in Japan
    Akihiko Narisada, Eiji Shibata, Tomomi Hasegawa, Rei Wakayama, Kohta Suzuki
    Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2022; 189: 109946.     CrossRef
  • Lipoprotein‐subclass particle numbers in children with abdominal obesity
    Hiroki Akiyama, Fujihiko Iwata, Tomoo Okada
    Pediatrics International.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Associations of higher fish consumption and lifestyle with lower monocyte/HDL-C ratio in a Japanese population: Implication for the anti-atherosclerotic effect of fish consumption
    Shigemasa Tani, Wataru Atsumi, Kazuhiro Imatake, Yasuyuki Suzuki, Tsukasa Yagi, Atsuhiko Takahashi, Naoya Matsumoto, Yasuo Okumura
    Journal of Cardiology.2022; 80(5): 402.     CrossRef
  • The correlation of flap blood glucose with fat necrosis of free abdominal flap for unilateral breast reconstruction
    Hideki Tokumoto, Shinsuke Akita, Kentaro Kosaka, Yoshitaka Kubota, Nobuyuki Mitsukawa
    Microsurgery.2022; 42(7): 677.     CrossRef
  • An Examination of Donor Factors That Impact the Results of the Glucagon Stimulation Test as an Assessment of the Pancreatic Graft Endocrine Function
    Taihei Ito, Takashi Kenmochi, Naohiro Aida, Izumi Hiratsuka, Hajime Matsushima, Kei Kurihara, Atsushi Suzuki, Megumi Shibata, Mamoru Kusaka, Midori Hasegawa, Takuma Ishihara, Hirofumi Go, Kohei Yabusaki, Ayumi Shintani
    Pancreas.2022; 51(6): 634.     CrossRef
  • Metabolic syndrome and breast cancer: Is there a cause-and-effect relationship?
    Preety Negi, PamelaA Kingsley, JubbinJagan Jacob, Jaineet Sachdeva, Chinnu Jomi
    Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Hearing Impairment in Japan: A Longitudinal Analysis Using Large-Scale Occupational Health Check-Up Data
    Hiroshi Miyake, Takehiro Michikawa, Satsue Nagahama, Keiko Asakura, Yuji Nishiwaki
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(19): 12368.     CrossRef
  • The Beneficial Effect of Personalized Lifestyle Intervention in Chronic Kidney Disease Follow-Up Project for National Health Insurance Specific Health Checkup: A Five-Year Community-Based Cohort Study
    Hidemi Takeuchi, Haruhito A. Uchida, Katsuyoshi Katayama, Natsumi Matsuoka-Uchiyama, Shugo Okamoto, Yasuhiro Onishi, Yuka Okuyama, Ryoko Umebayashi, Kodai Miyaji, Akiko Kai, Izumi Matsumoto, Keiko Taniguchi, Fukiko Yamashita, Tsutomu Emi, Hitoshi Sugiyama
    Medicina.2022; 58(11): 1529.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Abnormal Blood Pressure and the Association between Blood Pressure and Anthropometric Measures or Body Indices in Japanese University Students- a Cross-Sectional Study
    Kaito Yamashiro, Kazunori Sagawa, Shigeharu Tanei, Fumihiko Ogata, Takehiro Nakamura, Naohito Kawasaki
    BPB Reports.2022; 5(6): 140.     CrossRef
  • Validity of "One-size-fits-all" Approaches for the National Health Screening and Education Program: A Large-scale Cohort Study of Corporate Insurance Beneficiaries
    Kyoko Kikuchi, Takahiro Imaizumi, Masahiko Ando, Sawako Kato, Takaaki Kondo, Hiroyuki Honda, Yasuko Yoshida, Shoichi Maruyama
    Internal Medicine.2021; 60(11): 1681.     CrossRef
  • Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin is a novel biomarker for arterial stiffness as the criterion for vascular failure in a cross-sectional study
    Teruhide Koyama, Nagato Kuriyama, Yosuke Suzuki, Satoshi Saito, Ryota Tanaka, Motoshi Iwao, Megumu Tanaka, Takakuni Maki, Hiroki Itoh, Masafumi Ihara, Takayuki Shindo, Ritei Uehara
    Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Ethno‐essentialisms of the self: A critique of the cultural scripting of obesity in Japan
    Genaro Castro‐Vázquez
    Sociology of Health & Illness.2021; 43(3): 796.     CrossRef
  • Psoriasis: Comorbidities
    Fumikazu Yamazaki
    The Journal of Dermatology.2021; 48(6): 732.     CrossRef
  • Subclass distribution of low‐density lipoprotein triglyceride and the clustering of metabolic syndrome components in Japanese children
    Ryousuke Tonouchi, Tomoo Okada, Yuriko Abe, Minako Kazama, Yuki Kuromori, Yayoi Yoshino, Fujihiko Iwata, Mitsuhiko Hara, Emiko Saito, Ichiro Morioka
    Pediatrics International.2021; 63(6): 664.     CrossRef
  • Dynapenia Rather Than Sarcopenia Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases
    Hiroki Nishikawa, Kazunori Yoh, Hirayuki Enomoto, Shuhei Nishiguchi, Hiroko Iijima
    Diagnostics.2021; 11(7): 1262.     CrossRef
  • Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Weida Liu, Chuangshi Wang, Jun Hao, Lu Yin, Yang Wang, Wei Li, Alberto Ferlin
    International Journal of Endocrinology.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef
  • Insulin resistance and the adiponectin/leptin ratio as a surrogate measure of insulin resistance in Japanese collegiate baseball players
    Kazuto ODA, Hisaya KAWATE, Aya ISHIBASHI, Hiroyuki IMAMURA
    The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Negative effect of fatty liver on visualization of pancreatic cystic lesions at screening transabdominal ultrasonography
    Kazuhiro Kashiwagi, Takashi Seino, Kanako Makino, Ryoko Shimizu‐Hirota, Michiyo Takayama, Toshifumi Yoshida, Eisuke Iwasaki, Yoshinori Sugino, Nagamu Inoue, Yasushi Iwao, Takanori Kanai
    Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.2020; 26(1): 256.     CrossRef
  • Rationale, Design, and Methods of the Study of Comparison of Canagliflozin vs. Teneligliptin Against Basic Metabolic Risks in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (CANTABILE study): Protocol for a Randomized, Parallel-Group Comparison Trial
    Cheol Son, Masato Kasahara, Tomohiro Tanaka, Noriko Satoh-Asahara, Toru Kusakabe, Kunihiro Nishimura, Yoshihiro Miyamoto, Shu Kasama, Kiminori Hosoda
    Diabetes Therapy.2020; 11(1): 347.     CrossRef
  • Association between metabolic syndrome and prognosis of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of follow-up studies
    Peiting Li, Tianying Wang, Chen Zeng, Meng Yang, Gang Li, Jiang Han, Wei Wu
    Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Risk and population attributable fraction of metabolic syndrome and impaired fasting glucose for the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle‐aged Japanese individuals: Aichi Worker’s Cohort Study
    Kayo Kaneko, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Yuanying Li, Mayu Uemura, Chifa Chiang, Yoshihisa Hirakawa, Atsuhiko Ota, Koji Tamakoshi, Atsuko Aoyama
    Journal of Diabetes Investigation.2020; 11(5): 1163.     CrossRef
  • Metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia among nigerians with lichen planus: A cross-sectional study - Reader's question
    MahmoodD Al-Mendalawi
    Indian Journal of Dermatology.2020; 65(3): 228.     CrossRef

  • Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c Improves the Performance of the Nomogram for Predicting the 5-Year Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes


    Chun-Ming Ma, Fu-Zai Yin
    Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy.2020; Volume 13: 1753.     CrossRef
  • Mental stress and physical activity interact with the genetic risk scores of the genetic variants related to sweetness preference in high sucrose‐containing food and glucose tolerance
    Sunmin Park, Meiling Liu, Mi Young Song
    Food Science & Nutrition.2020; 8(7): 3492.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Metabolic Syndrome on Blood Pressure Changes During Cataract Surgery
    Takashi Ono, Takuya Iwasaki, Sayumi Sameshima, Jinhee Lee, Yosai Mori, Ryohei Nejima, Makoto Aihara, Kazunori Miyata
    Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology.2020; 9(1): 14.     CrossRef
  • Different pathogenesis of glucose intolerance in two subtypes of primary aldosteronism: Aldosterone‐producing adenoma and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism
    Mikiko Okazaki‐Hada, Ayako Moriya, Mototsugu Nagao, Shinichi Oikawa, Izumi Fukuda, Hitoshi Sugihara
    Journal of Diabetes Investigation.2020; 11(6): 1511.     CrossRef
  • Added and Free Sugars Intake and Metabolic Biomarkers in Japanese Adolescents
    Masayuki Okuda, Aya Fujiwara, Satoshi Sasaki
    Nutrients.2020; 12(7): 2046.     CrossRef
  • Apolipoprotein B/A1 Ratio as a Diagnostic Alternative to Triglycerides and HDL-Cholesterol for the Prediction of Metabolic Syndrome among Hypertensives in Kazakhstan
    Alma Nurtazina, Dana Kozhakhmetova, Daulet Dautov, Aizhan Shakhanova, Vijay Kumar Chattu
    Diagnostics.2020; 10(8): 510.     CrossRef
  • Visceral fat in different locations assessed by ultrasound: Correlation with computed tomography and cut‐off values in patients with metabolic syndrome
    Sergey Pimanov, Vladimir Bondarenko, Elena Makarenko
    Clinical Obesity.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Daily Consumption of Coffee and Eating Bread at Breakfast Time Is Associated with Lower Visceral Adipose Tissue and with Lower Prevalence of Both Visceral Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Japanese Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Teruhide Koyama, Mizuho Maekawa, Etsuko Ozaki, Nagato Kuriyama, Ritei Uehara
    Nutrients.2020; 12(10): 3090.     CrossRef
  • Does the Energy Restriction Intermittent Fasting Diet Alleviate Metabolic Syndrome Biomarkers? A Randomized Controlled Trial
    Yasemin Ergul Kunduraci, Hanefi Ozbek
    Nutrients.2020; 12(10): 3213.     CrossRef
  • Fisher’s Linear Discriminant Function Analysis and its Potential Utility as a Tool for the Assessment of Health-and-Wellness Programs in Indigenous Communities
    Eric N. Liberda, Aleksandra M. Zuk, Ian D. Martin, Leonard J. S. Tsuji
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(21): 7894.     CrossRef
  • Longitudinal effects of a nationwide lifestyle intervention program on cardiometabolic outcomes in Japan: An observational cohort study
    Yoshinori Takeuchi, Kosuke Kashiwabara, Hiroki Hosoi, Hirohisa Imai, Yutaka Matsuyama
    Preventive Medicine.2020; 141: 106301.     CrossRef
  • Lycopene and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Literature
    Katelyn E Senkus, Libo Tan, Kristi M Crowe-White
    Advances in Nutrition.2019; 10(1): 19.     CrossRef
  • Addition of oat bran reduces HDL-C and does not potentialize effect of a low-calorie diet on remission of metabolic syndrome: A pragmatic, randomized, controlled, open-label nutritional trial
    Leila Sicupira Carneiro de Souza Leão, Luana Azevedo de Aquino, Juliana Furtado Dias, Rosalina Jorge Koifman
    Nutrition.2019; 65: 126.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of various steady state surrogate insulin resistance indices in diagnosing metabolic syndrome
    Sikandar Hayat Khan, Ali Nawaz Khan, Nayyer Chaudhry, Roomana Anwar, Nadeem Fazal, Muhammad Tariq
    Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Population Approaches Targeting Metabolic Syndrome Focusing on Japanese Trials
    Hitoshi Nishizawa, Iichiro Shimomura
    Nutrients.2019; 11(6): 1430.     CrossRef
  • Pancreatic fat content may increase the risk of imaging progression in low‐risk branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
    Kazuhiro Kashiwagi, Kazuhiro Minami, Takashi Seino, Kenro Hirata, Eisuke Iwasaki, Nagamu Inoue, Yasushi Iwao, Takanori Kanai
    Journal of Digestive Diseases.2019; 20(10): 557.     CrossRef
  • Association between metabolic syndrome and the incidence of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies
    Zhibin Li, Hongfeng Han, Yuan Chang
    Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Lower limb muscle mass is associated with insulin resistance more than lower limb muscle strength in non‐diabetic older adults
    Toshiaki Seko, Hiroshi Akasaka, Masayuki Koyama, Nobuaki Himuro, Shigeyuki Saitoh, Tetsuji Miura, Mitsuru Mori, Hirofumi Ohnishi
    Geriatrics & Gerontology International.2019; 19(12): 1254.     CrossRef
  • Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Breast Cancer Risk: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Follow-Up Studies
    Meng Guo, Tingting Liu, Peiting Li, Tianying Wang, Chen Zeng, Meng Yang, Gang Li, Jiang Han, Wei Wu, Ruopeng Zhang
    Frontiers in Oncology.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome Using BMI in Place of Waist Circumference (WC)
    Shoko TSUJIMURA, Hideo MIYAHARA
    Kodo Keiryogaku (The Japanese Journal of Behaviormetrics).2019; 46(1): 11.     CrossRef
  • Pancreatic Fat Content Detected by Computed Tomography and Its Significant Relationship With Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm
    Kazuhiro Kashiwagi, Takashi Seino, Seiichirou Fukuhara, Kazuhiro Minami, Masayasu Horibe, Eisuke Iwasaki, Hiromasa Takaishi, Kazunari Itoh, Yoshinori Sugino, Nagamu Inoue, Yasushi Iwao, Takanori Kanai
    Pancreas.2018; 47(9): 1087.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors for Complications in Expander-Based Breast Reconstruction: Multivariate Analysis in Asian Patients
    Hirotaka Suga, Tomohiro Shiraishi, Naoko Tsuji, Akihiko Takushima
    Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open.2017; 5(11): e1563.     CrossRef
  • Insomnia and depression: Japanese hospital workers questionnaire survey
    Fumihiko Koyama, Takeshi Yoda, Tomohiro Hirao
    Open Medicine.2017; 12(1): 391.     CrossRef
Original Article
Association Between Earlobe Crease and the Metabolic Syndrome in a Cross-sectional Study
Eun Hee Kang, Hee Cheol Kang
Epidemiol Health. 2012;34:e2012004.   Published online August 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2012004
  • 18,404 View
  • 117 Download
  • 13 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
<sec><title>OBJECTIVES</title><p>Several studies found a significant association between earlobe crease (ELC) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a group of high-risk factors that are a collection of cardiovascular risk factors. Scant data are available about the relationship between ELC and MS. The purpose of the current study was to examine the correlation between ELC and MS.</p></sec><sec><title>METHODS</title><p>A cross-sectional study was performed on 3,835 subjects (1,672 females, 43.6%) aged 20 to 79 years who visited a health promotion center. To increase the reliability of the diagnosis of MS, both the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria were applied. Independent association between ELC and MS was assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis after adjusting for confounding variables.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>The frequency of ELC was 20.89% and the prevalence of MS was 11.03% (NCEP criteria) and 9.75% (IDF criteria). The prevalence of both ELC and MS significantly increased with age. The modified Framingham risk score was significantly higher in subjects with ELC than without. After adjusting for conventional risk factors for CVD, the risk of MS increased significantly in the presence of ELC.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>The current study showed that the odds ratio for MS increased in the presence of ELC in Korean adults. ELC is an auxiliary indicator of MS, although prognostic value might be limited. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the clinical significance of ELC.</p></sec>
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Frank's Sign and Cardiovascular Risk: An Observational Descriptive Study
    Lucía Fernández Ascariz, Berta Rivas Mundiña, Eliane García Mato, Jacobo Limeres Posse, Manuela Alonso Sampedro, Arturo González Quintela, Francisco Gude Sampedro, Pedro Diz Dios
    The American Journal of Medicine.2024; 137(1): 47.     CrossRef
  • Detection of Frank's sign in the dental setting: A population‐based cohort study
    Berta Rivas‐Mundiña, Lucía Fernández‐Ascariz, Eliane García‐Mato, Marcio Diniz‐Freitas, Francisco Gude‐Sampedro, Maite Abeleira‐Pazos
    Special Care in Dentistry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Relationship between the Presence of an Earlobe Crease and Overactive Bladder: A Cross-Sectional Case-Controlled Study
    Yasufumi Ueda, Tomohiro Matsuo, Ken Kawada, Hidenori Ito, Kensuke Mitsunari, Kojiro Ohba, Ryoichi Imamura
    Medicina.2023; 59(3): 476.     CrossRef
  • The prognostic value of deep earlobe creases in patients with acute ischemic stroke
    Jiaping Xu, Lixuan Wang, Chunqing Zhang, Jiayun Wang, Danni Zheng, Yaqian Huang, Xia Zhang, Shoujiang You, Yongjun Cao, Chun-Feng Liu
    Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Association between Earlobe Creases and Cardiovascular Events in Japanese Hemodialysis Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
    Minako Wakasugi, Masaaki Nagai, Saori Yokota, Kentaro Omori, Hirokazu Fujikawa, Ikuo Aoike, Tsukasa Omori, Junichiro James Kazama, Ichiei Narita
    Internal Medicine.2020; 59(7): 927.     CrossRef
  • Morphological overview of cardiovascular comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Frank's sign
    Nalan Ogan, Ersin Gunay, Berkay Ekici, Ayse Baha, Esen Sayin Gulensoy, E. Eylem Akpinar, Aycan Yuksel
    Heart & Lung.2020; 49(3): 331.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and clinical characteristics of earlobe crease in systemic sclerosis: Possible association with vascular dysfunction
    Akiko Sekiguchi, Yuta Inoue, Sahori Yamazaki, Akihiko Uchiyama, Osamu Ishikawa, Shiko Kuribayashi, Toshio Uraoka, Kenichiro Hara, Kouichi Yamaguchi, Toshitaka Maeno, Mitsuo Uchida, Hiroshi Koyama, Sei‐Ichiro Motegi
    The Journal of Dermatology.2020; 47(8): 870.     CrossRef
  • Association Between the Frank Sign and Cardiovascular Events
    Saleh Nazzal, Arnon Blum
    Southern Medical Journal.2018; 111(8): 504.     CrossRef
  • Reevaluation of the earlobe types in Koreans
    K.E. Kim, W.J. Song, D.K. Kim
    HOMO.2018; 69(6): 377.     CrossRef
  • Diagonal Earlobe Crease is a Visible Sign for Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Amyloid-β
    Jin San Lee, Seongbeom Park, Hee Jin Kim, Yeshin Kim, Hyemin Jang, Ko Woon Kim, Hak Young Rhee, Sung Sang Yoon, Kyoung Jin Hwang, Key-Chung Park, Seung Hwan Moon, Sung Tae Kim, Samuel N. Lockhart, Duk L. Na, Sang Won Seo
    Scientific Reports.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Visible aging signs as risk markers for ischemic heart disease: Epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical implications
    Mette Christoffersen, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
    Ageing Research Reviews.2016; 25: 24.     CrossRef
  • Did Dumbo suffer a heart attack? independent association between earlobe crease and cardiovascular disease
    Marta Aligisakis, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Idris Guessous, Peter Vollenweider
    BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Earlobe Crease Shapes and Cardiovascular Events
    Claudia Rodríguez-López, Hugo Garlito-Díaz, Raquel Madroñero-Mariscal, Pablo Jesús Sánchez-Cervilla, Auxiliadora Graciani, José Luis López-Sendón, Esteban López-de-Sá
    The American Journal of Cardiology.2015; 116(2): 286.     CrossRef
Epidemiol Health : Epidemiology and Health
© Korean Society of Epidemiology.