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Original article
The association between the consumption of raw Kudoa septempunctata–infected farmed Paralichthys olivaceus and gastrointestinal symptoms
Jihye An, En-Joo Jung, Soon-Ok Lee, Jong-Hoon Choi, Jung Hee Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Sung-Hee Hong, Jung-Wong Ju, Hyungjun Kim, Kwang-Pil Ko
Epidemiol Health. 2026;e2026003.   Published online January 19, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2026003    [Accepted]
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Kudoa septempunctata has been identified as the causative agent of food poisoning following the consumption of raw farmed Paralichthys olivaceus. However, cohort studies providing robust evidence for an association between K. septempunctata and gastrointestinal symptoms remain limited. This prospective cohort study investigated the association between the consumption of K. septempunctata–infected farmed P. olivaceus and the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms.
METHODS
Individuals who purchased raw farmed P. olivaceus between 2020 and 2021 were selected as the study population. Study data included 2 rounds of questionnaire surveys administered before and after consumption, 2 muscle specimens obtained from each purchased fish, and human biological specimens collected from individuals who developed gastrointestinal symptoms within 24 hours after consumption. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and t-test, and the association between consumption of K. septempunctata–infected farmed P. olivaceus and gastrointestinal symptoms was evaluated using relative risk estimates between exposure groups.
RESULTS
The relative risk of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with exposure to K. septempunctata–infected P. olivaceus ranged from 71.2 (95% CI, 27.0–178.6) to 124.5 (95% CI, 43.5–355) across the 2 case definitions. A strong and statistically significant association was observed between exposure to K. septempunctata–infected P. olivaceus and the development of acute gastrointestinal symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings indicate both an association and a causal relationship between consumption of K. septempunctata–infected farmed P. olivaceus and the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms.
Summary
Original Articles
Association between smoking and the risk of dental implant failure in Korean adults: a nationwide cohort study
Yu-Rin Kim, Minkook Son, hyeon Ji Kim, Seon-Rye Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2026;48:e2026002.   Published online January 14, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2026002
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
We evaluated the associations of smoking status, intensity, duration, and cumulative exposure with the risk of dental implant failure in Korean adults.
METHODS
This retrospective cohort study utilized the National Health Insurance Service–Health Screening Cohort (2016–2019). Overall, 23,573 individuals who had completed the dental implant process were included. Smoking status was categorized as non-smoker, ex-smoker, or current smoker. Smoking intensity, duration, and cumulative exposure were classified using standardized thresholds (>10 cigarettes per day, >10 years, and >10 pack-years). Implant failure was defined as reimplantation or removal. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for demographic, clinical, and behavioral covariates.
RESULTS
During follow-up, 605 implant failures occurred: 344 in non-smokers, 182 in ex-smokers, and 79 in current smokers. The corresponding incidence rates per 1,000 person-years were 11.56, 16.54, and 22.33, respectively. Current smoking was significantly associated with higher implant failure risk (adjusted HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.09), while ex-smokers displayed a non-significant increase (adjusted HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.45). A dose–response relationship was observed: smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day, smoking for more than 10 years, or exceeding 10 pack-years was associated with significantly increased risk.
CONCLUSIONS
Smoking is a significant, dose–dependent risk factor for dental implant failure in Korean adults. Current smokers have the highest risk; smoking cessation may reduce adverse outcomes. These findings emphasize the importance of detailed smoking assessments and cessation counseling in implant care and public health strategies.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 치아 임플란트를 시행한 성인들을 대상으로 흡연 상태(현재, 과거, 비흡연)와 흡연 강도, 기간, 누적 노출량에 따른 임플란트 실패 위험의 차이를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 비흡연자에 비하여 현재 흡연자, 하루 10개피 이상 흡연자, 10년 이상 장기 흡연자, 10갑년 이상 누적 흡연자에서 임플란트 실패 위험이 유의하게 높았다. 특히, 여성의 경우 흡연이 임플란트 실패에 미치는 영향이 남성보다 크게 나타났다. 반면, 과거흡연자는 통계적으로 유의한 연관성을 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 구강건강 증진과 임플란트의 성공적 예후를 위해 흡연자의 금연지도가 필수적임을 시사한다.
Key Message
This study examined differences in implant failure risk according to smoking status (current, former, never) and smoking intensity, duration, and cumulative exposure among adults who underwent dental implant placement. Compared with never-smokers, the risk of implant failure was significantly higher in current smokers, those who smoked ≥10 cigarettes/day, long-term smokers (≥10 years), and individuals with ≥10 pack-years of cumulative smoking exposure. Notably, the adverse impact of smoking on implant failure was greater in women than in men. In contrast, former smoking was not statistically associated with implant failure. These findings underscore the need for structured smoking-cessation counseling to improve oral health and optimize implant prognosis.
Dental implant removal rates and related factors in older adults in Korea: a cross-sectional study using National Health Insurance Sharing Service database
Hyang-Ah Park, A-Rang Lim, Jae-In Ryu
Epidemiol Health. 2025;47:e2025064.   Published online December 3, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025064
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Dental implants have been covered by the National Health Insurance for older adults in Korea since 2014. As the number of implant treatments has increased, the occurrence of related complications has also grown. While many clinical studies have examined mechanical and biological complications, few epidemiological studies using national data have identified population-level risk factors. This study aimed to determine the dental implant removal rate and related factors among older adults based on the Andersen Behavioral Model.
METHODS
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with implant removal. Unadjusted and stepwise cumulative models were applied for predisposing, enabling, and need factors. All analyses were conducted using SPSS version 26.0, with statistical significance set at α=0.05.
RESULTS
The overall dental implant removal rate among older adults was approximately 0.4%. Higher removal rates were observed among males, those aged 65-69, current smokers, individuals with diabetes, and the self-employed group with higher income levels. Current smokers had 1.75 times higher odds of implant removal (95% confidence interval, 1.39 to 2.22) than non- smokers or former smokers.
CONCLUSIONS
Targeted education, management, and preventive interventions for high-risk groups, including smokers and patients with diabetes, are necessary to improve implant success and reduce complications. These findings provide population- based evidence to inform public health strategies that promote successful implant outcomes among older adults.
Summary
Korean summary
이 연구는 국가 단위의 빅데이터 코호트를 이용해 치과 임플란트 제거에 관해 시행한 선행 연구가 없었기 때문에 국가 빅데이터를 활용해 치과 임플란트 제거율과 관련 요인을 파악하기 위해 Anderson Model을 기반으로 다요인 분석을 실시하였다. 전체 치과 임플란트 제거율은 약 0.4%였으며, 남성, 젊은 연령, 건강보험 가입자, 상위 소득분위 자영업자, 당뇨병, 흡연, 유산소 신체 활동 실천자에서 더 높게 나타났다. 특히 현재 흡연자인 경우 치과 임플란트 제거율을 경험할 확률이 1.8배 높았다. 따라서, 치과 임플란트 시술의 성공률을 높이기 위해서는 위험요인에 대해 명시한 가이드라인 제작이 필수적이다.
Key Message
This study conducted a multifactorial analysis based on the Andersen model to identify factors associated with dental implant removal using national big data, addressing the lack of prior studies that examined these determinants sufficiently. The dental implant removal rate among all subjects was approximately 0.4%, and higher removal rates were observed among men, younger individuals, those receiving medical benefits, the self-employed group with higher income quintiles, and individuals with diabetes, smoking habits, or engagement in aerobic physical activity. Current smokers had a 1.8-fold higher probability of implant removal. These findings reinforce the importance of developing and implementing guidelines to increase the success rate of dental implants.
Association between secondhand smoke exposure and incidence of metabolic syndrome: analyses of Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) data
Seungmi Choi, Sanghyuk Bae
Epidemiol Health. 2025;47:e2025041.   Published online July 29, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025041
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Secondhand smoke exposure remains a major public health concern and is linked to various chronic diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). Although smoking rates have declined, exposure to secondhand smoke remains common and poses significant health risks to non-smokers. This study investigated the association between secondhand smoke exposure and the incidence of MetS using longitudinal data from a community-based cohort in Korea.
METHODS
We utilized data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, collected biennially between 2001 and 2020. Of 10,030 adults aged 40-69 years, a total of 3,042 never-smokers without pre-existing MetS were included. Secondhand smoke exposure was assessed through self-reported questionnaires. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for potential confounders.
RESULTS
During follow-up, 638 participants in the secondhand smoke exposure group developed MetS. Those exposed to secondhand smoke had a significantly higher risk of developing MetS compared to the non-exposed group (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.27). Among MetS components, secondhand smoke exposure was significantly associated with increased risks of hypertension (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.28) and hyperglycemia (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.37). Although home exposure was not significantly associated with MetS risk, workplace exposure to secondhand smoke demonstrated a dose-response relationship according to exposure frequency and duration.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that secondhand smoke exposure may increase the risk of developing MetS. These results underscore the importance of strengthening regulations on secondhand smoke in public places and raising social awareness of its detrimental effects on non-smokers.
Summary
Korean summary
40–69세 한국 성인 비흡연자 3,042명을 대상으로 한 지역사회 기반 코호트 연구에서, 간접흡연 노출은 대사증후군 발생 위험을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 고혈압과 고혈당 위험이 증가했으며, 직장 내 간접흡연 노출은 노출 빈도와 기간에 따른 용량-반응 관계를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 비흡연자를 보호하기 위한 간접흡연 규제 강화와 사회적 인식 제고의 필요성을 강조한다.
Key Message
In a community-based Korean cohort of 3,042 never-smokers aged 40–69 years, secondhand smoke exposure was associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Risks were particularly elevated for hypertension and hyperglycemia, and workplace exposure showed a dose-response relationship. These findings highlight the need for stronger regulations and public awareness to protect non-smokers from secondhand smoke.
Cohort Profile
Cohort profile update: the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) biobank
Heejin Kimm, Keum Ji Jung, Wes Spiller, Yeun Soo Yang, So Young Kim, Min Young Park, Sun Mi Lee, Sun Ha Jee
Epidemiol Health. 2025;47:e2025040.   Published online July 29, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025040
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
Chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease have a substantial impact on mortality and global disease burden. The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) biobank was established to investigate these chronic diseases, with a particular focus on metabolic risk factors. Recently, genetic information reflecting diverse ancestries has been incorporated to support a precision medicine approach. These data can be leveraged to identify variation in causal effects among different ancestral groups, thereby informing the development of more effective, ancestry-specific treatments. From 2004 to 2013, baseline data were collected from 156,701 individuals aged 20-85 years, recruited from 18 health promotion centers across Korea. Outcome data are routinely obtained from Statistics Korea (mortality data), the National Cancer Center (cancer registry data), and the National Health Insurance Service (morbidity data). Additionally, new participants have been enrolled since 2022 as part of an ongoing expansion. This population-based cohort, enriched with genetic data, provides a robust foundation for research aimed at elucidating causal relationships in chronic disease.
Summary
Korean summary
· 한국 암 예방 연구 II 바이오 뱅크에는 한국 전역의 18개 건강 검진 센터에서 모집한 20~85세의 156,701명의 참여자가 포함되어 있다. · 모집 시 기준 측정에는 사회 경제적, 병력, 행동적, 생리적 및 혈액 샘플 데이터가 포함되어 있으며, 이들의 유전 분석이 완료되었다. · 한국 암 예방 연구 II는 현재 참여자를 모집하고 있는 진행 중인 코호트이며, 사망률 외에도 심혈관 및 암 이환율을 포함한 2차 자료 연계를 통해 후속 데이터를 사용할 수 있다. · 본 코호트를 통해 한국인의 역학 자료와 유전 자료를 이용하여 질병에 대한 매커니즘을 확인하고 질병 예방 및 극복에 대한 과학적 근거를 창출할 것으로 기대한다.
Key Message
· The Korean Cancer Prevention Study II (KCPS-II) Biobank comprises 156,701 adults aged 20–85 years, recruited from 18 health examination centers nationwide. · Baseline data include socioeconomic, medical history, behavioral, physiological, and blood sample information, with completed genetic analyses. · KCPS-II is an ongoing cohort with follow-up through linkage to secondary data on mortality, cardiovascular events, and cancer incidence. · This resource enables the integration of epidemiological and genetic data to investigate disease mechanisms and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control in the Korean population.
Original Article
Mortality burden attributable to long-term exposure to fine particulate matter among older adults in Korea
Jongmin Oh, Jisun Myung, Changwoo Han, Hyun-Joo Bae, Soontae Kim, Yun-Chul Hong, Dong-Wook Lee, Youn-Hee Lim
Epidemiol Health. 2025;47:e2025028.   Published online May 28, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025028
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate the association between long-term exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and cause-specific mortality among older adults in Korea, providing insights into the evolving public health burden in an aging society.
METHODS
We analyzed national insurance claims data spanning 2010-2019. Modeled PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were assigned to participants according to their residential districts. We employed time-varying Cox proportional hazard models, using age as the time scale, adjusted for potential confounders. Six cause-specific mortalities were considered: ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), lung cancer (LC), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Annual excess deaths attributable to long-term PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure were calculated.
RESULTS
A total of 5,360,032 older adults were followed from 2010 to 2019. Hazard ratios (HRs) per 10 μg/m3 increase in 12-month PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration were as follows: IHD, 1.068 (95% CI, 1.040 to 1.097); stroke, 1.023 (95% CI, 1.003 to 1.043); ALRI, 1.050 (95% CI, 1.026 to 1.076); COPD, 1.114 (95% CI, 1.072 to 1.157); T2DM, 1.046 (95% CI, 1.007 to 1.086); and LC, 0.972 (95% CI, 0.948 to 0.996). Excess deaths attributable to long-term PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure were estimated at 4,888 (95% CI, 2,304 to 7,323) in 2010 and 5,179 (95% CI, 2,585 to 7,648) in 2019.
CONCLUSIONS
Although PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels in Korea have shown a declining trend over the past decade, mortality among older adults associated with long-term PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure has not significantly decreased, likely due to the rapid aging of the population.
Summary
Korean summary
2010–2019년 동안 대한민국 노인 536만 명 대상의 후향적 코호트 연구를 수행하였다. 장기적인 초미세먼지(PM2.5) 노출은 허혈성 심질환, 뇌졸중, 하기도 감염, 만성폐쇄성폐질환, 제2형 당뇨병으로 인한 사망 위험 증가와 관련성이 있었다. 연간 PM2.5 농도는 감소했으나, 고령화로 인해 PM2.5에 기인한 초과 사망은 2010년 4,888명에서 2019년 5,179명으로 증가하였다. 대기질 개선에도 불구하고 고령화로 인해 PM2.5로 인한 사망 부담은 여전히 중요한 공중보건 문제이다.
Key Message
A retrospective cohort of 5.36 million older adults was followed from 2010 to 2019 in Korea. Long-term PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased mortality from IHD, stroke, ALRI, COPD, and T2DM. Although annual PM2.5 concentrations declined, excess deaths rose from 4,888 in 2010 to 5,179 in 2019, largely driven by population aging. Despite improvements in air quality, the PM2.5-related mortality burden remains a significant public health concern due to population aging.
Cohort Profile
Cohort profile: a nationwide retrospective cohort of mortality in people living with HIV in Korea, 1985-2020
Taeyoung Kim, Yoonhee Jung, Koun Kim, Jung Wan Park, Jeonghee Yu, Sung-il Cho
Epidemiol Health. 2025;47:e2025002.   Published online January 2, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025002
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
The increasing number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Korea has prompted interest in using the national surveillance system as a database for studying their health. To investigate the relationships between socio-demographic and epidemiological characteristics and mortality rates, a nationwide retrospective cohort was formed by integrating surveillance data with the Cause of Death Statistics from Statistics Korea. This integration included incidence reports, epidemiological investigations, and death reports from the surveillance data, enriched with detailed mortality information from the Cause of Death data. The cohort comprised 17,199 adult Korean individuals diagnosed with HIV infection from 1985 to 2020. By the end of 2020, 2,721 of these individuals were confirmed deceased. The sex ratio of the study participants was 14.3:1.0 (male to female), with 78.2% being under 50 years old at the time of diagnosis. Sexual contact was identified as the primary transmission route, accounting for 75.7% of cases. HIV disease emerged as the predominant cause of death, representing two-thirds (1,817 of 2,721) of the fatalities, followed by injuries and trauma, malignancies, and cardiovascular diseases. Recommendations for further cohort studies may be submitted to the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency.
Summary
Korean summary
- 인체면역결핍바이러스 감염인들의 사망과 연관된 요인의 파악을 위해, 질병관리청의 국가 감시체계 데이터와 통계청 사망원인통계를 결합하여 후향적 코호트를 구성하였다. - 구성된 코호트에는 1985-2020년 중 발생이 보고된 대한민국 국적의 19세 이상 감염인 17,199명이 포함되었으며 이 중 2,721명의 사망이 감시체계와 사망원인통계에서 최종 확인되었고, 코호트 데이터는 이들의 사회인구학적 요인, 역학적 요인, 사망원인을 포함한 사망 관련 정보로 구성되어 있다. - 본 코호트에 기반한 연구를 통해 국내 거주하는 한국인 감염인들의 건강을 전반적으로 확인할 수 있을 것으로 생각되며, 감염인 중 사망 위험이 높은 취약군을 확인하는 등 국가 정책의 기반이 되는 과학적 근거를 생산할 수 있기를 기대한다.
Key Message
- By merging KDCA’s national surveillance data and the national mortality statistics, our retrospective cohort data have been established for identifying people living with HIV (PLHIV) at higher risk of mortality. - In the established cohort, incidence reports of 17,199 PLHIV aged 19 or older with Korean nationality and mortality reports of 2,721 were included. The cohort data were composed of their sociodemographic and epidemiologic characteristics, and mortality data including causes of death. - We expect further research based on the cohort to explore Korean PLHIV’s health and mortality risk, and to generate scientific evidence for national policymaking.
Original Article
Prospective association between handgrip strength in childhood and the metabolic syndrome score and insulin resistance indices in adolescence: an analysis based on the Ewha Birth and Growth Study
Seunghee Jun, Hyunjin Park, Hyelim Lee, Hye Ah Lee, Young Sun Hong, Hyesook Park
Epidemiol Health. 2025;47:e2025001.   Published online January 2, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025001
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Low handgrip strength (HGS) in children and adolescents might be associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance. This study prospectively evaluated the association between HGS in childhood and MetS in adolescence.
METHODS
Based on data from the Ewha Birth and Growth Study, this study analyzed HGS at ages 7 to 9 and metabolic indices at ages 13 to 15. In total, 219 participants were analyzed. The risk of MetS was evaluated using the continuous metabolic syndrome score (cMetS), and insulin resistance was assessed using fasting blood insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Relative HGS in childhood was determined by dividing HGS by body weight and categorized as sex-specific quartiles.
RESULTS
This study found an inverse association between relative HGS levels in childhood and MetS and insulin resistance in adolescence. For each 1-group increase in relative HGS quartiles, cMetS (standarard [Std] β=-0.64, p<0.01), HOMA-IR (Std β=-0.21, p<0.01), and fasting blood insulin (Std β=-0.21, p<0.01) all decreased on average. These associations remained significant even after adjusting for confounding factors.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study showed a prospective association between HGS in childhood and the risk of MetS and insulin resistance in adolescence. It provides significant epidemiological evidence, emphasizing the importance of efforts to increase muscle strength from a young age to mitigate the risk of MetS and insulin resistance in adolescence.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 소아기 악력 수준이 청소년기의 대사증후군 및 인슐린 저항성과 연관이 있음을 발견했음. 이러한 결과는 소아기 근력 향상이 향후 대사 위험을 완화하는데 중요함을 강조함.
Key Message
This study found that higher childhood relative handgrip strength was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in adolescence. The findings emphasize the importance of enhancing muscle strength early in life to mitigate metabolic risks.
Cohort Profile
Cohort study profile: a cohort of Korean atomic bomb survivors and their offspring
Hamin Lee, Jin-Wu Nam, Mi Kyung Kim, Inah Kim, Yu-Mi Kim, Boyoung Park
Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024089.   Published online November 18, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024089
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  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
The Korean Atomic Bomb Survivor Cohort (K-ABC) study was designed to investigate the health impacts of atomic bomb exposure on Korean survivors and to explore whether these effects are passed down genetically to their descendants. This paper outlines the study’s design, data collection methods, baseline socio-demographic characteristics, exposure status, and disease prevalence among the participants, based on survey responses and health examinations. From 2020 to 2024, a total of 2,544 individuals, comprising 1,109 atomic bomb survivors (G1), 1,193 children of G1 (G2), and 242 grandchildren of G1 (G3), consented to participate in the study. Of these, 1,828 participants (659 in G1, 927 in G2, and 242 in G3) completed the survey and underwent health examinations, representing a participation rate of 71.9%. Exposure information was gathered using a questionnaire and verified through records from the Korean Red Cross and a handbook issued by the Japanese government. Disease prevalence was determined based on participants’ self-reported physician diagnoses. This study presents details about the K-ABC study and provides baseline data on the participants recruited. These data will be valuable for interpreting the results of future K-ABC studies.
Summary
Korean summary
한국인 원폭피해자 코호트 연구는 1945년 일본에서 원자폭탄에 피폭된 원폭 피해자 1세와 이들의 자녀인 2세, 3세의 건강과 질병 위험도을 장기적으로 조사한다. 이를 위해 2020년부터 2023년까지 설문조사를 통해 정보를 수집하였고, 이후 설문조사와 함께 건강보험공단, 국립암센터, 통계청 등 공공 기관에서 보유하고 있는 데이터를 연계하여 추적관찰을 수행해 나갈 예정이다.
Key Message
The Korean atomic bomb survivor’s cohort study investigates the long-term health and disease risks of first generation atomic bomb survivors exposed in Japan in 1945, as well as their second generation and third generations. From 2020 to 2023, information was collected through surveys. Follow-up will be conducted through surveys and secondary data linkage from public institutions such as the National Health Insurance Service, the Korea Central Cancer Registry, and Statistics Korea.

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  • Validation of self-reported cancer diagnoses in the Korean Atomic Bomb Survivor Cohort study
    Hamin Lee, Jin-Wu Nam, Mi Kyung Kim, Inah Kim, Yu-Mi Kim, Boyoung Park
    Cancer Epidemiology.2025; 97: 102817.     CrossRef
Data Profile
Data profile: the Korean Workers’ Compensation-National Health Insurance Service (KoWorC-NHIS) cohort
Jeehee Min, Eun Mi Kim, Jaiyong Kim, Jungwon Jang, Youngjin Choi, Inah Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024071.   Published online August 19, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024071
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
The Korean Workers’ Compensation-National Health Insurance Service (KoWorC-NHIS) cohort was established to investigate the longitudinal health outcomes of Korean workers who have been compensated for occupational injuries or diseases. This cohort study, which utilized data spanning from 2004 to 2015, merged workers’ compensation insurance claim data with the National Health Insurance Database (NHID), encompassing 858,793 participants. The data included socio-demographic factors such as age, sex, income, address, insurance type, and disability grade. It also covered the types of occupational accidents, International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes for diseases or accidents, work tenure, industry, occupation code, and company size. Additional details such as the occupational hire date, date of claim, date of recognition, and affected body parts were recorded. The cohort predominantly consisted of male workers (80.0%), with the majority experiencing their first occupational accident in their 40s (27.6%) or 50s (25.3%). Notably, 93.1% of the cases were classified as occupational injuries. By integrating this data with that from the NHID, updates on health utilization, employment status, and income changes were made annually. The follow-up period for this study is set to conclude in 2045.
Summary
Korean summary
KoWorC-NHIS Cohort (산재보험-국민건강보험공단 코호트) 는 2004년부터 2015년까지 산업재해를 경험한 근로자들의 장기적인 건강 결과를 추적 조사하기 위해 구축된 코호트이다. 이 코호트에는 총 858,793명의 근로자가 등록되었으며, 대다수는 남성 (80%)이었고, 업무상 사고 (93.1%)를 경험한 것으로 나타났다. 이 코호트를 활용하여 산업재해 피해 근로자들의 장기적인 건강영향을 분석할 수 있으며, 취약 계층 근로자의 건강을 보호하기 위한 예방 정책 수립의 근거로 활용할 수 있다.
Key Message
The KoWorC-NHIS Cohort (Workers' Compensation Insurance-National Health Insurance Service Cohort) was established to track the long-term health outcomes of workers who experienced occupational injuries and illnesses from 2004 to 2015. The cohort includes a total of 858,793 workers, with the majority being male (80%) and having experienced occupational accidents (93.1%). This cohort can be used to analyze the long-term health effects on workers who have suffered occupational injuries, and can serve as evidence for establishing preventive policies to protect the health of vulnerable workers.

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  • Machine learning-based prediction of dissatisfaction after occupational injury: a retrospective cohort study using the nationwide Korean workers’ compensation insurance database
    Youjin Lee, Taeyeon Kim, Dahyeon Koo, Dougho Park
    BMJ Open.2025; 15(11): e103321.     CrossRef
Cohort Profile
Cohort profile: the Taiwan Initiative for Geriatric Epidemiological Research - a prospective cohort study on cognition
Pei-Iun Hsieh, Te-Hsuan Huang, Jeng-Min Chiou, Jen-Hau Chen, Yen-Ching Chen
Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024057.   Published online June 25, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024057
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
The Taiwan Initiative for Geriatric Epidemiological Research (TIGER) was founded in 2011 to elucidate the interrelationships among various predictors of global and domain-specific cognitive impairment, with the aim of identifying older adults with an increased risk of dementia in the preclinical phase. TIGER, a population-based prospective cohort, recruited 605 and 629 (total of 1,234) older adults (aged 65 and above) at baseline (2011-2013 and 2019-2022) of phase I and II, respectively. Participants have undergone structured questionnaires, global and domain-specific cognitive assessments, physical exams, and biological specimen collections at baseline and biennial follow-ups to date. By 2022, TIGER I has included 4 biennial follow-ups, with the participants comprising 53.9% female and having a mean age of 73.2 years at baseline. After an 8-year follow-up, the annual attrition rate was 6.1%, reflecting a combination of 9.9% of participants who passed away and 36.2% who dropped out. TIGER has published novel and multidisciplinary research on cognitive-related outcomes in older adults, including environmental exposures (indoor and ambient air pollution), multimorbidity, sarcopenia, frailty, biomarkers (brain and retinal images, renal and inflammatory markers), and diet. TIGER’s meticulous design, multidisciplinary data, and novel findings elucidate the complex etiology of cognitive impairment and frailty, offering valuable insights into factors that can be used to predict and prevent dementia in the preclinical phase.
Summary
Key Message
1. The Taiwan Initiative for Geriatric Epidemiological Research (TIGER), established in 2001, aims to fill the knowledge gap regarding the longitudinal associations between environmental exposure, clinical factors, and performance in global and cognitive domains. 2. TIGER has made significant findings in various aspects, including the effects of exposure to low-level air pollutants, indoor air quality, clinical factors (brain and retinal images, dental health), nutrition, and biomarkers on cognition over time. 3. TIGER's multidisciplinary data and advanced analysis elucidate the predictors of cognitive impairment, identifying older adults at increased risk of dementia in the preclinical phase for early prevention and intervention.

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  • Addressing global diversity in dementia research with the COSMIC collaboration
    Darren M. Lipnicki, Ashleigh S. Vella, Jiyang Jiang, Louise Mewton, Annabel P. Matison, Karen A. Mather, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Vibeke S. Catts, Rory Chen, Nikita Husein, Wei Wen, Nicole A. Kochan, John D. Crawford, Perminder S. Sachdev
    Neuroscience.2025; 582: 180.     CrossRef
Original Article
Comparison of HIV characteristics across 3 datasets: the Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study prospective, retrospective, and national reporting system
Yunsu Choi, Jun Yong Choi, Bo Youl Choi, Bo Young Park, Shin-Woo Kim, Joon Young Song, Jung Ho Kim, Sang Il Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024055.   Published online June 18, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024055
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study has been conducted prospectively for 18 years. However, it faces limitations in representing the entire population of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Korea. To address these limitations and validate the study design, we analyzed characteristics across several HIV datasets.
METHODS
We compared epidemiological and clinical characteristics from 3 datasets: the Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (dataset 1, n=1,562), retrospective cohort data (dataset 2, n=2,665), and the national HIV reporting system of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) (dataset 3, n=17,403).
RESULTS
The demographic characteristics of age, sex, and age at HIV diagnosis did not differ significantly across datasets. However, dataset 3 contained a higher proportion of patients diagnosed after 2008 (69.5%) than the other datasets. Regarding transmission routes, same-sex contact accounted for a greater proportion of dataset 1 (59.8%) compared to datasets 2 (20.9%) and 3 (32.6%). The proportion of patients with CD4 T-cell counts below 200/mm<sup>3</sup> at HIV diagnosis was higher in datasets 1 (39.4%) and 2 (33.3%) compared to dataset 3 (16.3%). Initial HIV viral load measurements were not obtained for dataset 3.
CONCLUSIONS
The Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study demonstrated representativeness regarding the demographic characteristics of Korean patients. Of the sources, dataset 1 contained the most data on transmission routes. While the KDCA data encompassed all HIV patients, it lacked detailed clinical information. To improve the representativeness of the Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study, we propose expanding and revising the cohort design and enrolling more patients who have been recently diagnosed.
Summary
Korean summary
장기간 운영된 코호트 연구는 다양한 편향으로 인해 모집단의 대표성을 잃을 수 있다. 대표성을 높이기 위해서는 편향을 최소화하고 지속적으로 변화하는 임상 역학적 지침과 특성을 반영할 수 있어야 한다. 지난 18년간 운영된 한국 HIV/AIDS 코호트 연구에서는 코호트 연구 참여 기관에 방문하는 감염인 중 연구 참여자와 비참여자의 특성을 비교하고, 질병관리청 신고자료와의 분포를 비교한 결과, 코호트 연구에 참여하는 것만으로도 대상자 특성에 차이가 있음을 밝혔다. 이에 따라 편향을 최소화하고 대표성을 높일 수 있도록 코호트 연구 설계를 대대적으로 개편하고, 향후 지속될 연구 설계를 제안한다.

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  • Cohort profile: a nationwide retrospective cohort of mortality in people living with HIV in Korea, 1985-2020
    Taeyoung Kim, Yoonhee Jung, Koun Kim, Jung Wan Park, Jeonghee Yu, Sung-il Cho
    Epidemiology and Health.2025; 47: e2025002.     CrossRef
  • 한국 HIV/AIDS 코호트 연구의 과거, 현재, 그리고 미래
    윤수 최, 윤정 김, 보영 박, 준용 최, 신우 김, 준영 송, 보율 최, 상일 김
    Public Health Weekly Report.2025; 18(50): 23.     CrossRef
Cohort Profile
Korea Nurses’ Health Study and the health of reproductive-aged women: a cohort profile
Chiyoung Cha, Heeja Jung, Sue Kim, Jung Eun Lee, Kwang-Pil Ko, Eunyoung Cho, Hyun-Young Park, Joong-Yeon Lim, Bo Mi Song, Sihan Song, Soojin Park, Aram Cho
Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024048.   Published online April 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024048
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
The Korea Nurses’ Health Study (KNHS) is an ongoing, large-scale, prospective cohort study of women nurses, focusing on the effects of occupational, environmental, and lifestyle factors on the health of women. The first KNHS survey was performed in 2013-2014 (n=20,613). As of December 2023, 11 follow-up surveys have been conducted. Participants who were pregnant were asked to participate in the early pregnancy survey (n=2,179) and postpartum survey after giving birth (n=2,790). The main variables included socio-demographic, work-related, lifestyle, physical, mental, and women’s health factors. Blood, urine, and toenail samples were collected from a participant subgroup of the first survey (n=1,983). The subgroups of the second survey completed a food frequency questionnaire in 2019 (n=300) and 2021 (n=871). In 2020, a subgroup of the first survey answered a coronavirus disease 2019-related survey (n=975). To examine various health-related factors in young adults, new participants were added to the KNHS cohort in the 11th (n=1,000) and 12th (n=1,002) surveys. The KNHS cohort will help identify health and illness determinants in Korean women. Data can be accessed at https://coda.nih.go.kr/frt/index.do.
Summary
Korean summary
한국간호사건강연구(Korea Nurses’ Health Study, KNHS)는 2013년부터 수행되고 있는 대규모 전향적 추적관찰 코호트 연구이다. 본 연구는 질병력, 약물복용력, 임신력, 여성건강, 정신건강(우울, 스트레스, 피로 등), 생활습관(흡연, 음주, 신체활동, 수면 등), 근무특성을 조사하여 여성건강에 장기적으로 미치는 영향을 파악하고 한국 고유의 여성건강 결정요인을 도출하는 것을 목표로 한다.
Key Message
The Korea Nurses' Health Study (KNHS) is a large-scale, prospective cohort study that has been conducted since 2013. It measures various factors affecting reproductive-aged women, including disease history, medication usage, pregnancy, women's health characteristic, mental health (such as depression, stress, and fatigue), lifestyle characteristic (including smoking, drinking, and physical activity, sleep), and work-related characteristics. The study aims to understand the long-term impact on women's health and identify unique determinants of women's health specific to Korea.

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  • Do physical activity, psychological health, and food group intake change in early pregnancy before and during COVID-19? A secondary analysis of cohort data from the Korea Nurses’ Health Study
    Chiyoung Cha, Jung Eun Lee, Jin-hui Han
    Women's Health Nursing.2025; 31(1): 22.     CrossRef
  • Factors Affecting Nonresponse Among Female Participants in the Korea Nurses’ Health Study: Longitudinal Cohort Survey Study
    Young Taek Kim, Chiyoung Cha, Gumhee Baek, Bohye Kim, Bo Mi Song, Joong-Yeon Lim, Hyun-Young Park, Juh Hyun Shin
    JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2025; 11: e68038.     CrossRef
Original Articles
Association of decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate with lung cancer risk in the Korean population
Soonsu Shin, Min-Ho Kim, Chang-Mo Oh, Hyejin Chun, Eunhee Ha, Hyo Choon Lee, Seong Ho Moon, Dong-Young Lee, Dosang Cho, Sangho Lee, Min Hyung Jung, Jae-Hong Ryoo
Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024041.   Published online March 20, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024041
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Inconsistent results are available regarding the association between low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and lung cancer risk. We aimed to explore the risk of lung cancer according to eGFR category in the Korean population.
METHODS
We included 358,293 adults who underwent health checkups between 2009 and 2010, utilizing data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. Participants were categorized into 3 groups based on their baseline eGFR, as determined using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation: group 1 (eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>), group 2 (eGFR ≥60 to <90 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>), and group 3 (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>). Incidences of lung cancer were identified using the corresponding codes from the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were employed to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for lung cancer incidence up to 2019.
RESULTS
In multivariate analysis, group 2 exhibited a 26% higher risk of developing lung cancer than group 1 (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.35). Furthermore, group 3 demonstrated a 72% elevated risk of lung cancer relative to group 1 (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.58 to 1.89). Among participants with dipstick proteinuria of 2+ or greater, group 3 faced a significantly higher risk of lung cancer than group 1 (HR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.37 to 6.24).
CONCLUSIONS
Low eGFR was significantly associated with increased lung cancer risk within the Korean population. A particularly robust association was observed in individuals with severe proteinuria, emphasizing the need for further investigation.
Summary
Korean summary
이번 연구에서는 한국인 인구집단에서 단백뇨와 동반된 낮은 사구체 여과율이 페암의 발생 위험을 증가시켰다. 이는 신장기능의 저하가 폐암의 위험을 증가시킬 수 있음을 시사한다. 신장기능이 저하된 환자들의 면밀한 추적관찰이 필요할 수 있다.
Key Message
Our research found that lower estimated glomerular filtration rate with proteinuria increased the risk of lung cancer in a Korean population. These findings suggest that decreased kidney function may increase the risk of lung cancer, indicating the need for careful observation of patients with impaired kidney function.

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  • Mendelian randomization study of the relationship between blood and urine biomarkers and lung cancer
    Haihua Huang, Haijun Zheng
    Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Association between plant-based diets and the risk of coronary heart disease predicted using the Framingham Risk Score in Korean men: data from the HEXA cohort study
Khongorzul Ganbat, Bayarmaa Nasan Ulzii, Sangah Shin
Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024035.   Published online February 28, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024035
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the potential correlation between 4 plant-based diet indices and the predicted risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Korean men using the Framingham Risk Score.
METHODS
The study included 12,356 men participants (aged ≥40 years) from the Health Examinees Study. Dietary intake was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Four plant-based diet indices were measured, including the overall plant-based diet index, the healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI), the unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI), and the pro-vegetarian diet index. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the predicted 10-year risk of CHD.
RESULTS
The study found that individuals in the highest hPDI quintile had a 19% lower risk score for CHD based on the Framingham Risk Score (model 3: HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.93; p for trend=0.010). In stratified analyses, the highest pro-vegetarian diet index was associated with a lower risk score for CHD in physically active individuals (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.93; p for interaction=0.020). Conversely, the highest uPDI was associated with the highest risk score for CHD in those with a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 and a waist circumference ≥90 cm.
CONCLUSIONS
This prospective cohort study highlights the positive role of adhering to a high hPDI diet in the prevention of CHD in Korean men. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the association between various plant-based diet indices and the risk of CHD in Asian populations with different dietary habits.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 한국 남성의 관상 동맥 심장 질환(CHD) 위험을 줄이는데 있어서 식이 패턴, 특히 건강한 식물성 식이 지수의 역할이 중요함을 강조한다. 높은 hPDI지수를 가진 사람이 CHD 위험이 유의미하게 19% 감소하는 것은 건강한 식물성 기반 식단 선택이 심혈관 건강에 미칠 수 있는 잠재된 영향력을 강조한다.
Key Message
The study highlights the important role of dietary patterns, especially healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI), in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) among Korean men. A significant 19% reduction in CHD risk associated with the highest hPDI underscores the potential impact of dietary choices on cardiovascular health.

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  • Associations of Dietary Intake With Cardiovascular Diseases, Blood Pressure, and Lipid Profile in the Korean Population: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Jeongseon Kim, Madhawa Gunathilake, Tung Hoang, Oh Yoen Kim
    Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2026; 15(1): 111.     CrossRef
  • Associations between plant-based diets and cardiovascular disease, frailty, and cognitive dysfunction in middle and old age: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
    Shipeng Zhang, Yanjie Jiang, Hanyu Wang, Qiqi Liu, Xingyi He, Moshen Pan, Yuecan Chen, Jiahui Xiong, Ze Chen, Pin Liu, Honglu Huang, Xiaocui Wang, Lu Wang, Junwen Tan, Caishan Fang, Qinwei Fu, Xinrong Li, Qinxiu Zhang, Yan Lu, Xueying Li
    Food & Function.2025; 16(10): 4061.     CrossRef
Special Article
Cancer risk based on alcohol consumption levels: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Seunghee Jun, Hyunjin Park, Ui-Jeong Kim, Eun Jeong Choi, Hye Ah Lee, Bomi Park, Soon Young Lee, Sun Ha Jee, Hyesook Park
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023092.   Published online October 16, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023092
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Alcohol consumption is a well-established risk factor for cancer. Despite extensive research into the relationship between alcohol consumption and cancer risk, the effect of light alcohol consumption on cancer risk remains a topic of debate. To contribute to this discourse, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
Our systematic review aimed to investigate the associations between different levels of alcohol consumption and the risk of several cancer types. We focused on analyzing prospective associations using data from 139 cohort studies. Among them, 106 studies were included in the meta-analysis after a quantitative synthesis.
RESULTS
Our analysis did not find a significant association between light alcohol consumption and all-cause cancer risk (relative risk, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.99 to 1.04), but we observed a dose-response relationship. Light alcohol consumption was significantly associated with higher risks of esophageal, colorectal, and breast cancers. Light to moderate drinking was associated with elevated risks of esophageal, colorectal, laryngeal, and breast cancers. Heavy drinking was also found to contribute to the risk of stomach, liver, pancreas, and prostate cancers, thereby increasing the risk of almost all types of cancer. Additionally, females generally had lower cancer risks compared to males.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings highlight that cancer risks extend beyond heavy alcohol consumption to include light alcohol consumption as well. These findings suggest that there is no safe level of alcohol consumption associated with cancer risk. Our results underscore the importance of public health interventions addressing alcohol consumption to mitigate cancer risks.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 코호트 연구를 기반으로 하여 음주의 수준에 따른 암 위험 연관성에 대해 체계적 문헌고찰(139편)과 메타분석(106편)을 수행하였다. 연구 결과, 음주와 암 위험 사이에 용량-반응 관계가 나타났으며, 소량의 음주는 암 유형에 따라 차이가 있었으나, 식도암, 대장암, 전립선암(남성), 유방암(여성)에서 암 위험과의 연관성이 있음을 발견했다. 따라서, 암 위험 측면에서 음주에 안전한 수준이 없음을 시사하며, 음주와 관련된 잠재적 피해를 완화하기 위해서는 음주 지침 강화와 같은 공중보건개입이 필요하다.
Key Message
The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between different levels of alcohol consumption and the risk of various cancer types through a systematic review and meta-analysis, providing insights into the ongoing debate about alcohol consumption and cancer causality. The findings support a dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption levels and cancer risk and the light alcohol consumption was associated with risks of esophageal, colorectal, prostate (male), and breast (female) cancer. These results emphasize the absence of a safe threshold for alcohol consumption in terms of cancer risk.

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COVID-19: Cohort Profile
Cohort profile: investigating SARS-CoV-2 infection and the health and psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Canadian CHILD Cohort
Rilwan Azeez, Larisa Lotoski, Aimée Dubeau, Natalie Rodriguez, Myrtha E. Reyna, Tyler Freitas, Stephanie Goguen, Maria Medeleanu, Geoffrey L. Winsor, Fiona S. L. Brinkman, Emily E. Cameron, Leslie Roos, Elinor Simons, Theo J. Moraes, Piush J. Mandhane, Stuart E. Turvey, Shelly Bolotin, Kim Wright, Deborah McNeil, David M. Patrick, Jared Bullard, Marc-André Langlois, Corey R. Arnold, Yannick Galipeau, Martin Pelchat, Natasha Doucas, Padmaja Subbarao, Meghan B. Azad
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023091.   Published online October 13, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023091
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected all Canadian families, with some impacted differently than others. Our study aims to: (1) determine the prevalence and transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among Canadian families, (2) identify predictors of infection susceptibility and severity of SARS-CoV-2, and (3) identify health and psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study builds upon the CHILD Cohort Study, an ongoing multi-ethnic general population prospective cohort consisting of 3,454 Canadian families with children born in Vancouver, Edmonton, Manitoba, and Toronto between 2009 and 2012. During the pandemic, CHILD households were invited to participate in the CHILD COVID-19 Add-On Study involving: (1) brief biweekly surveys about COVID-19 symptoms and testing; (2) quarterly questionnaires assessing COVID-19 exposure and testing, vaccination status, physical and mental health, and pandemic-driven life changes; and (3) in-home biological sampling kits to collect blood and stool. In total, 1,462 households (5,378 participants) consented to the CHILD COVID-19 Add-On Study: 2,803 children (mean±standard deviation [SD], 9.0±2.7 years; range, 0-17 years) and 2,576 adults (mean±SD, 43.0±6.5 years; range, 18-85 years). We will leverage the wealth of pre-pandemic CHILD data to identify risk and resilience factors for susceptibility and severity to the direct and indirect pandemic effects. Our short-term findings will inform key stakeholders and knowledge users to shape current and future pandemic responses. Additionally, this study provides a unique resource to study the long-term impacts of the pandemic as the CHILD Cohort Study continues.
Summary
Key Message
· This study of 1,462 Canadian families (5,378 individuals) leverages a decade of extensive pre-pandemic CHILD Cohort Study data to identify risk and resilience factors for susceptibility to the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. · Our short-term findings will inform key stakeholders and knowledge users to shape current and future pandemic responses. · This study provides a unique resource to study the long-term impacts of the pandemic as the CHILD Cohort Study continues.

Citations

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  • From fetus to 8: the CHILD Cohort Study
    Kozeta Miliku, Myrtha E Reyna, Maria Medeleanu, Ruixue Dai, Aimee Dubeau, Diana L Lefebvre, Kim Wright, Bassel Dawod, Marshall Beck, Elissa Brooks, Michael Kobor, Qingling Duan, Jeffrey R Brook, Wendy Lou, Fiona S L Brinkman, Geoffrey L Winsor, Justin Coo
    American Journal of Epidemiology.2025; 194(7): 1984.     CrossRef
Original Articles
Association of group-level segregation with cardiovascular health in older adults: an analysis of data from the Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project
Sung-Ha Lee, Hyeok-Hee Lee, Kiho Sung, Yoosik Youm, Hyeon Chang Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023041.   Published online April 4, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023041
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The adverse health effects of individual-level social isolation (e.g., perceived loneliness) have been well documented in older adults. However, little is known about the impact of collective-level social isolation on health outcomes. We sought to examine the association of group-level segregation with cardiovascular health (CVH) in older adults.
METHODS
From the prospective Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project database, we identified 528 community-dwelling older adults who were aged ≥60 years or were married to those aged ≥60 years. Participants who belonged to smaller social groups separate from the major social group were defined as group-level-segregated. The CVH score was calculated as the number of ideal non-dietary CVH metrics (0-6), as modified from the American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7. Using ordinal logistic regression models, we assessed cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between group-level segregation and CVH.
RESULTS
Of the 528 participants (mean age, 71.7 years; 60.0% female), 108 (20.5%) were segregated at baseline. In the crosssectional analysis, group-level segregation was significantly associated with lower odds of having a higher CVH score at baseline after adjusting for socio-demographic factors and cognitive function (odds ratio [OR], 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43 to 0.95). Among 274 participants who completed an 8-year follow-up, group-level segregation at baseline was marginally associated with lower odds of having a higher CVH score at 8 years (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24 to 1.02).
CONCLUSIONS
Group-level segregation was associated with worse CVH. These findings imply that the social network structure of a community may influence its members’ health status.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 “한국인의 사회적 삶, 건강과 노화에 대한 조사”(Korean Social Life, Health and Aging Project, KSHAP)에서 측정한 한 지역 내의 사회적 연결망 자료를 이용하여 사회적 분리와 심혈관 건강 사이의 관계를 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 사회적 분리는 비만, 고혈압, 콜레스테롤, 흡연, 음주 신체적 활동 등을 종합한 ‘라이프 심플 7’ 지표와 부정적인 관련성을 보였으며, 8년 후 추적 조사에서도 이 패턴이 유지되었다. 본 연구 결과는 사회적, 집단적 분리 현상이 신체적 건강에도 악영향을 초래할 수 있음을 시사한다.
Key Message
Using the prospective Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (KSHAP) database, we discovered that group-level segregation was significantly associated with worse cardiovascular health (CVH). Also, we observed a tendency for baseline group-level segregation to be linked to worse CVH after an 8-year follow-up period. These findings emphasize the significance of group-level segregation as a potential contributing factor in the health outcomes of older adults.

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  • Association of social isolation and loneliness with the risk of hypertension in middle aged and older adults: Findings from a national representative longitudinal survey
    Shiqi Wang, Hao Zhang, Yiling Lou, Qiqi You, Qingqing Jiang, Shiyi Cao
    Journal of Affective Disorders.2024; 349: 577.     CrossRef
Impact of statin treatment on cardiovascular events in patients with retinal vein occlusion: a nested case-control study in Korea
Joonsang Yoo, Joo Youn Shin, Jimin Jeon, Jinkwon Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023035.   Published online March 15, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023035
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is associated with an increased risk of future cardiovascular events. Statin therapy is a key cornerstone in prevention for patients at high cardiovascular risk. However, little is known about the role of statin therapy for patients with RVO. This study evaluated whether statin treatment in patients with RVO was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events.
METHODS
A population-based, nested case-control study was conducted with a cohort of newly diagnosed RVO patients without prior cardiovascular disease between 2008 and 2020 using a nationwide health claims database in Korea. From this cohort of RVO patients, we identified cases of cardiovascular events (stroke or myocardial infarction) after RVO and matched controls based on sex, age, insurance type, antiplatelet use, and underlying comorbidities using 1:2 incidence density sampling.
RESULTS
Using a cohort of 142,759 patients with newly diagnosed RVO, we selected 6,810 cases and 13,620 matched controls. A significantly lower risk of cardiovascular events (adjusted odds ratio, 0.604; 95% confidence interval, 0.557 to 0.655) was observed in RVO patients with statin treatment than in those without statin treatment. Statin treatment was associated with a reduced risk for both stroke and myocardial infarction after RVO. Longer statin treatment after RVO was associated with a lower risk for cardiovascular events.
CONCLUSIONS
Statin treatment was associated with a lower risk for future cardiovascular events in patients with newly diagnosed RVO. Further studies are warranted to clarify the potential cardiovascular preventive role of statins in patients with RVO.
Summary
Korean summary
· 망막정맥폐색 환자들은 심뇌혈관질환의 발생 위험이 높다고 알려져 있다. · 이번 연구를 통해 망막정맥폐색의 발생 이후 스타틴을 복용한 환자들에서 심근경색 및 뇌졸중 발생 위험도가 감소함을 확인하였다. · 고위험군인 망막정맥폐색 환자들에서 적극적인 스타틴의 사용이 심뇌혈관질환의 예방에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.
Key Message
· Statin was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events in RVO patients. · The reduced risk was observed in both stroke and myocardial infarction after RVO. · Statins might be a good candidate for cardiovascular prevention in RVO patients.

Citations

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  • Artificial intelligence based retinal imaging for cardiovascular risk and statin guidance in retinal vein occlusion
    Dongjin Nam, Yong-Hwan Jang, So Jung Ryu, Sahil Thakur, Simon Nusinovici, Junseok Park, Moonsu Kim, Sunjin Hwang
    American Journal of Preventive Cardiology.2026; 26: 101427.     CrossRef
  • Retinal Imaging as a Window into Cardiovascular Health: Towards Harnessing Retinal Analytics for Precision Cardiovascular Medicine
    Jay Bharatsingh Bisen, Hayden Sikora, Anushree Aneja, Sanjiv J. Shah, Rukhsana G. Mirza
    Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease.2025; 12(6): 230.     CrossRef
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    Jiaqi Zhang, Xuejun Xie, Ya Mo
    International Ophthalmology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Oclusión venosa de retina y su asociación con la enfermedad vascular aterosclerótica
    María Larrousse Morellón, Yéssica López Loureiro, Susana Ruiz Bilbao
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  • Zerumbone Inhibits the Viability, Motility, and Angiogenesis of Human Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HRCECs) by Inhibiting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
    Jiexin Yu, Shule Jiang, Yanli Liu
    Current Eye Research.2024; 49(11): 1201.     CrossRef
  • Retinal venous occlusion and its association with atherosclerotic vascular disease
    María Larrousse Morellón, Yéssica López Loureiro, Susana Ruiz Bilbao
    Medicina Clínica (English Edition).2024; 163(4): 199.     CrossRef
  • Retinal Findings and Cardiovascular Risk: Prognostic Conditions, Novel Biomarkers, and Emerging Image Analysis Techniques
    Joseph Colcombe, Rusdeep Mundae, Alexis Kaiser, Jacques Bijon, Yasha Modi
    Journal of Personalized Medicine.2023; 13(11): 1564.     CrossRef
Clinical traits and systemic risks of familial diabetes mellitus according to age of onset and quantity: an analysis of data from the community-based KoGES cohort study
Ju-Yeun Lee, Kyungsik Kim, Sangjun Lee, Woo Ju An, Sue K. Park
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023029.   Published online February 23, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023029
  • 15,613 View
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical trait of familial diabetes mellitus (DM) by analyzing participants’ risk of DM according to the age of DM onset in parents and siblings, and to evaluate individuals’ risk of DM-associated cardiometabolic diseases.
METHODS
Altogether, 211,173 participants aged ≥40 years from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were included in this study. The participants were divided into groups based on the number (1 or 2 relatives) and age of onset (no DM and early, common, or late onset) of familial DM. Participants’ risk of DM was assessed using a Cox regression model with hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A logistic regression model with odds ratios was used to evaluate associations among the participants’ likelihood of acquiring cardiometabolic diseases such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease.
RESULTS
The risk of developing DM was 2.02-fold (95% CI, 1.88 to 2.18) and 2.88-fold (95% CI, 2.50 to 3.33) higher, respectively, in participants with 1 and 2 family members diagnosed with familial DM. It was 2.72-fold (95% CI, 2.03 to 3.66) higher in those with early-onset familial DM. In the early-onset group, the respective risks of hypertension and CKD were 1.87-fold (95% CI, 1.37 to 2.55) and 4.31-fold (95% CI, 2.55 to 7.27) higher than in the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
The risk of DM and related cardiometabolic diseases was positively associated with the number of family members diagnosed with DM and an early diagnosis in family members with DM.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 한국인유전체역학조사사업 역학자료를 이용하여, 당뇨병을 진단받은 가족 구성원 (부모 및 형제)의 수가 많고 당뇨병이 조기에 발생할수록 개인의 당뇨발생 위험도가 높아짐을 보고하였습니다. 또한 당뇨병이 조기에 발생한 가족구성원이 있을 경우 개인의 일부 심대사질환과의 연관성이 있을 수 있음을 설명하였습니다.
Key Message
This study demonstrated that the risk of diabetes in individuals was significantly associated with the quantity and the onset of family members diagnosed with diabetes. We also explained that having a family member with early-onset diabetes can be associated with some cardiometabolic diseases in individuals.

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  • Assessing blood sugar measures for predicting new-onset diabetes and cardiovascular disease in community-dwelling adults
    Jung-Hwan Kim, Yaeji Lee, Chung-Mo Nam, Yu-Jin Kwon, Ji-Won Lee
    Endocrine.2024; 86(2): 528.     CrossRef
Long working hours and the risk of hypothyroidism in healthy Korean workers: a cohort study
Yesung Lee, Woncheol Lee, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022104.   Published online November 8, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022104
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Long working hours have been reported to cause various health problems, but are currently practiced in many countries. Building upon a previous cross-sectional study, the authors aimed to elucidate the causal relationship between long working hours and hypothyroidism through a longitudinal study.
METHODS
Data were collected at baseline from 45,259 participants without thyroid disease and with consistent weekly working hours (36-40, 41-52, 53-60, and >60 hours) during the follow-up period. Hypothyroidism was defined using the reference limits of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine levels. By estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, the risk of incident hypothyroidism was evaluated with 36-40 hours of work per week as the reference.
RESULTS
During 138,261.7 person-years of follow-up, 2,914 participants developed hypothyroidism (incidence density, 2.11/102 person-years). The multivariable-adjusted HRs of incident hypothyroidism for 41-52 hours, 53-60 hours, and >60 hours of work per week were 1.13 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.24), 2.53 (95% CI, 2.17 to 2.95), and 2.57 (95% CI, 2.09 to 3.15), respectively. In dose-response analyses, long working hours had an approximately linear relationship with hypothyroidism incidence. The risk of incident hypothyroidism in those who worked 53-60 hours and >60 hours per week compared with the reference group was significantly higher among the older age group (≥36 years, stratified by median age), men, and daytime workers.
CONCLUSIONS
This large-scale cohort study demonstrated the association between long working hours and an increased risk of incident hypothyroidism with a dose-response relationship.
Summary
Korean summary
대규모 코호트연구를 통해 장시간노동을 수행한 노동자들에서 갑상선기능저하증의 위험이 높아지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 연령, 성, 교대근무 유무에 따라 층화하여 분석한 결과에서 고연령, 남성, 교대근무를 하지 않는 노동자에서 관련성의 크기가 증가하였다.
Key Message
This large-scale cohort study (The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study), which used 45,259 participants without thyroid disease at baseline and estimated hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, demonstrated the association between long working hours and an increased risk of incident hypothyroidism with a dose-response relationship especially in older age group, men, and daytime workers.

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  • Effectiveness of Physical Activity-Led Workplace Health Promotion Interventions: A Systematic Review
    Shichao Zhang, Mingjian Nie, Jiale Peng, Hong Ren
    Healthcare.2025; 13(11): 1292.     CrossRef
  • Association between shift work and the risk of hypothyroidism in adult male workers in Korea: a cohort study
    Seonghyeon Kwon, Yesung Lee, Eunhye Seo, Daehoon Kim, Jaehong Lee, Youshik Jeong, Jihoon Kim, Jinsook Jeong, Woncheol Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the severity of non-fatal injuries, but not the risk of fatal injuries, among driver victims of motor vehicle crashes in Taiwan
I-Lin Hsu, Wen-Hsuan Hou, Ya-Hui Chang, Chung-Yi Li
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022076.   Published online September 16, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022076
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Limited information is available on whether diabetes increases the severity of injuries from motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). This study aimed to investigate the association of type 2 diabetes with injury severity among driver victims of MVCs.
METHODS
This cohort study involved 75,737 adult driver victims with type 2 diabetes from Taiwan’s Police-Reported Traffic Accident Registry in 2015-2017, along with 150,911 sex-, age-, and calendar year-matched controls. The severity level of non- fatal injuries was derived from the International Classification of Diseases Programs for Injury Categorization based on the diagnostic codes of National Health Insurance claims within 3 days after an MVC. Information on fatal injuries within 3 days after an MVC was obtained from the Taiwan Death Registry. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of injury severity in association with type 2 diabetes.
RESULTS
After adjusting for potential confounders, driver victims with type 2 diabetes experienced significantly higher risks of mild and severe non-fatal injuries than their counterparts without diabetes, with covariate-adjusted ORs of 1.08 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.11) and 1.28 (95% CI, 1.20 to 1.37), respectively. By contrast, the adjusted OR for fatal injuries was not significantly elevated, at 1.02 (95% CI, 0.89 to 1.18). Similar results were found when car and scooter driver victims were analyzed separately.
CONCLUSIONS
Type 2 diabetes was found to moderately increase the severity of non-fatal injuries from MVCs among car and scooter driver victims.
Summary
Key Message
With 75,737 driver victims with diabetes and 150,911 matched controls, this study showed an 8% and 28% increase in mild and severe non-fatal injury, respectively among driver victims with diabetes. Such increase in risk was equally applied to both car and scooter drivers. No increase in risk of 3-day mortality after crash was found.

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  • Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among traumatic patients admitted to Aseer Central Hospital, Aseer Region, Abha, Saudi Arabia: cross-sectional study
    Majed Mohammed Al Saleh, Bandar A. Alasmari, Ali Mohammed AlAmri, Mohammed Mabkhoot Mogbel, Ali Saeed Alasmary, Alhussein Ali Almonawar, Saeed Doos S. Almontashri, Hassan Mussa Al Mojamad, Turki Abdullah Al Qahtani, Abdulrahman Mohammed Alshehri, Ibrahim
    BMC Endocrine Disorders.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A population-based study on meteorological conditions in association with motor vehicle collisions among people with type 2 diabetes
    Chung-Yi Li, Ya-Hui Chang, Hon-Ping Ma, Ping-Ling Chen, Chang-Ta Chiu, I-Lin Hsu
    Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2025; 30: 91.     CrossRef
Systematic Review
The relationship between metabolic syndrome and its components with bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Mozhgan Ahmadinezhad, Maedeh Arshadi, Elahe Hesari, Maedeh Sharafoddin, Hosein Azizi, Farzad Khodamoradi
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022050.   Published online May 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022050
  • 22,912 View
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  • 18 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
A previous meta-analysis, entitled “The association between metabolic syndrome and bladder cancer susceptibility and prognosis: an updated comprehensive evidence synthesis of 95 observational studies involving 97,795,299 subjects,” focused on all observational studies, whereas in the present meta-analysis, we focused on cohort studies to obtain more accurate and stronger evidence to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome and its components with bladder cancer. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to identify studies on the association between metabolic syndrome and its components with bladder cancer from January 1, 2000 through May 23, 2021. The pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to measure this relationship using a random-effects meta-analytic model. Quality appraisal was undertaken using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. In total, 56 studies were included. A statistically significant relationship was found between metabolic syndrome and bladder cancer 1.09 (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.17), and there was evidence of moderate heterogeneity among these studies. Our findings also indicated statistically significant relationships between diabetes (RR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.31) and hypertension (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.13) with bladder cancer, but obesity and overweight did not present a statistically significant relationship with bladder cancer. We found no evidence of publication bias. Our analysis demonstrated statistically significant relationships between metabolic syndrome and the risk of bladder cancer. Furthermore, diabetes and hypertension were associated with the risk of bladder cancer.
Summary
Key Message
In this meta-analysis study, an attempt was made to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and its components with bladder cancer, and as a result of this study, the relationship between metabolic syndrome and its components such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and bladder cancer was observed. Metabolic syndrome is more common among middle-aged and elderly people, and the elderly population is increasing worldwide, so the prevalence of this disease shortly may affect the healthcare system. Therefore, with correct health policies in all societies, the exorbitant costs that this disease brings can be avoided.

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  • Bladder cancer risk factors: a comprehensive umbrella review of meta-analyses
    Desheng Zhang, Junwei Ren, Junjiang Ye, Ruicheng Wu, Jie Wang, Dengxiong Li, Yunjin Bai, Ping Han
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    Adomas Ladukas, Ausvydas Patasius, Marius Kincius, Mingaile Drevinskaite, Justinas Jonusas, Donata Linkeviciute-Ulinskiene, Lina Zabuliene, Giedre Smailyte
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Original Articles
The association between fruit and vegetable consumption and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: does multivitamin use matter?
Jihae Kim, Li-Juan Tan, Hyein Jung, Yumi Roh, Kyungjoon Lim, Sangah Shin
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022039.   Published online April 19, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022039
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is closely associated with dietary intake; however, few studies have investigated whether the consumption of fruits and vegetables and multivitamin use affect MetS in the Korean population. This study aimed to examine these effects in Korean adults.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study of 89,548 participants aged between 40 years and 69 years selected from the baseline data of the Health Examinees study conducted in Korea. Fresh vegetable and fruit consumption was assessed using a validated 106-item food frequency questionnaire. MetS and its components were defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify associations of fresh vegetable, fruit, and fresh vegetable+fruit consumption and multivitamin use with the prevalence of MetS.
RESULTS
Female in the highest quartile of fresh vegetable, fruit, and fresh vegetable + fruit consumption exhibited a lower prevalence of MetS than those in the lowest quartile. An inverse association with the prevalence of MetS was observed among male with only fresh vegetable consumption. The interaction between the 3 categories and multivitamin intake on the prevalence of MetS was not significant (all p<sub>interaction</sub>>0.05), regardless of sex.
CONCLUSIONS
Multivitamin use and consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits had no significant synergistic effects. Although fresh vegetable and fruit consumption showed an inverse association with the prevalence of MetS, this relationship was not altered by multivitamin use.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 한국인 유전체역학조사사업의 도시코호트 조사에 참여한 40-69세 한국 성인 89 548명의 과일과 채소의 섭취와 종합비타민 섭취가 대사증후군에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 매일 다양한 과일과 채소를 섭취하면, 종합비타민의 섭취와 상관없이 대사증후군 유병 위험도를 낮추는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서, 대사증후군 예방을 위해서는 일상적인 식사에서 충분한 과일과 채소를 섭취하는 것이 권장된다.
Key Message
This study aimed to examine whether the consumption of fruits and vegetables and multivitamin use affect MetS among Korean middle-aged adults. Data was from the Health Examinees Study among 89 548 subjects. Results suggested that fruits and vegetables consumption was related with a decreased prevalence of MetS. However, there was no significant synergistic effect between the consumption of fruits and vegetables and multivitamin use in further reducing MetS prevalence.

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  • Associations of Dietary Intake With Cardiovascular Diseases, Blood Pressure, and Lipid Profile in the Korean Population: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Jeongseon Kim, Madhawa Gunathilake, Tung Hoang, Oh Yoen Kim
    Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2026; 15(1): 111.     CrossRef
  • Weight control experiences and dietary life according to body image perception among adults in Jeju, Republic of Korea
    Yujin Hyun, Hyunji Ham, Sumin Kim, Hanbin Ko, Yoonsuk Jekal, Insuk Chai, Kyungho Ha
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2025; 58(5): 484.     CrossRef
  • Association of serum water-soluble vitamin exposures with the risk of metabolic syndrome: results from NHANES 2003-2006
    Xun Pei, Junjie Yao, Simiao Ran, Haifei Lu, Shuo Yang, Yini Zhang, Miyuan Wang, Heyuan Shi, Aihua Tan
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Dairy product consumption and type 2 diabetes among Korean adults: a prospective cohort study based on the Health Examinees (HEXA) study
Jiaqi Zhang, Kyungjoon Lim, Sangah Shin
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022019.   Published online February 4, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022019
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
It has been suggested that the consumption of dairy products helps lower the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated the association between the consumption of dairy products and T2D events in middle-aged Korean adults.
METHODS
We followed up 53,288 participants (16,895 male and 36,393 female) in the Health Examinees (HEXA) study. The consumption of dairy products was assessed using the self-administered food frequency questionnaire, and T2D was defined according to the 2015 treatment guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between the consumption of dairy products and the risk of T2D were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models after adjusting for potential confounders. Spline regression was used to better represent the association between the consumption of dairy products and the risk of T2D.
RESULTS
Among male, those with higher consumption of dairy products had a significantly lower risk of T2D than those who consumed essentially no dairy products (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.91). In particular, consumption of yogurt (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.93; p<sub>trend</sub>=0.035) and cheese (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.89; p<sub>trend</sub>=0.005) was negatively associated with the incidence of T2D in male. In female, daily consumption of 1 serving of yogurt decreased the risk of T2D by 11%.
CONCLUSIONS
The association between the consumption of dairy products and the risk of T2D differed by sex and dairy product type. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these associations.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 한국인유전체역학조사사업의 도시코호트 기반조사와 추적조사에 참여한 40-69세 한국 성인 53 288명의 유제품 섭취와 제2형 당뇨병 발생 위험도를 분석하였다. 요거트와 치즈를 포함한 유제품 섭취가 많을수록 남성의 제2형 당뇨병 위험도가 낮아졌다. 요거트 섭취량을 하루에 한번 증가하면 여성의 제2형 당뇨병 위험도가 감소하다. 유제품 소비와 제2형 당뇨병의 위험도의 연관성은 성별과 유제품에 따라 다르다. 이를 확인하기 위해서는 추가 연구가 필요하다.
Key Message
The study aimed to assess the association between the consumption of dairy products and type 2 diabetes events in Korean adults. Data was from the Health Examinees Study among 53 288 participants. Higher consumption of dairy products including yogurt and cheese was associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes in men. Increasing yogurt intake by one serving/day reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes in women. The association between the consumption of dairy products and the risk of type 2 diabetes differed by gender and dairy product type. Further studies are needed to confirm this.

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    Shunming Zhang, Ge Meng, Qing Zhang, Li Liu, Hongmei Wu, Yeqing Gu, Xuena Wang, Juanjuan Zhang, Shaomei Sun, Xing Wang, Ming Zhou, Qiyu Jia, Kun Song, Yan Borné, Emily Sonestedt, Le Ma, Lu Qi, Kaijun Niu
    Food & Function.2023; 14(21): 9695.     CrossRef
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    Hyein Jung, Geongu Lee, Kyungjoon Lim, Sangah Shin
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    Yucheng Yang, Xiaona Na, Yuandi Xi, Menglu Xi, Haibing Yang, Zhihui Li, Ai Zhao
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Emad Yuzbashian, Mohammadreza Pakseresht, Jennifer Vena, Catherine B. Chan
    Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.2022; 32(12): 2760.     CrossRef
Independent predictors of depressive symptoms and social isolation on 2-year all-cause mortality among the Korean elderly in a population-based cohort study: gender differences
Hyunsuk Jeong, Hyeon Woo Yim, Beom-Woo Nam
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022012.   Published online January 8, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022012
  • 23,843 View
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study examined whether depressive symptoms and social isolation were independent predictors of 2-year all-cause mortality among the elderly using data from a population-based cohort study.
METHODS
In total, 1,033 participants (320 men and 713 women) older than 60 years of age participated in this study. Depressive symptoms, social isolation status, and socio-demographic and health-related covariates were assessed at baseline. The primary outcome measure was 2-year all-cause mortality. Data were collected through in-person interviews by trained interviewers. The GENMOD procedure was used to calculate relative risks (RRs).
RESULTS
Of the 1,033 participants, 102 (40 men and 62 women) died within the follow-up period of 2 years. During the 2-year follow-up period, 17.8% of depressed men and 12.3% of depressed women died, and 29.8% of socially isolated men and 14.9% of socially isolated women died. Social isolation was an independent predictor of mortality in elderly men (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 4.6, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 10.2), while depressive symptoms were an independent predictor of mortality in elderly women (aRR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.6) when controlling for potential confounding factors. However, the depressive symptoms detected using the geriatric depression scale were not associated with mortality in men, and social isolation was not associated with mortality in women.
CONCLUSIONS
The effects of depressive symptoms and social isolation on 2-year all-cause mortality within an elderly population differed according to gender. Gender-specific community-based interventions must be developed to potentially reduce 2-year all-cause mortality among the elderly.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 지역사회 거주하는 저소득층 노인을 대상으로 한 코호트 연구로 2년 추적조사를 수행하여 사망 원인의 예측인자를 분석하였다. 남성노인에서는 사회적 고립이, 여성노인에서는 우울증상이 2년 모든 사망원인의 독립적인 예측인자였다. 노인의 사망율을 줄이기 위한 지역사회 개입 프로그램은 남성에게는 사회적 고립을 해소를, 여성에게는 우울증상 개선을 위한 프로그램이 요구된다.
Key Message
The effects of depressive symptoms and so¬cial isolation on 2-year all-cause mortality among the elderly dif¬fered according to gender. For elderly men, social isolation increased the risk of 2-year all-cause mortality by 4.6 times compared to those who were not socially isolated. However, the depressive symptoms identified by the GDS-15 were not associated with 2-year all-cause mortality in men. From a public health perspective, these findings suggest that gender-specific community-based interventions are needed to mitigate all-cause mortality among the elderly.

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    Minku Kang, Sarah Yu, Seung-Ah Choe, Daseul Moon, Myung Ki, Byung Chul Chun
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Cohort Profiles
Cohort profile: the Environmental-Pollution-Induced Neurological EFfects (EPINEF) study: a multicenter cohort study of Korean adults
Heeseon Jang, Woojin Kim, Jaelim Cho, Jungwoo Sohn, Juhwan Noh, Gayoung Seo, Seung-Koo Lee, Young Noh, Sung Soo Oh, Sang-Baek Koh, Hee Jin Kim, Sang Won Seo, Ho Hyun Kim, Jung Il Lee, Sun-Young Kim, Changsoo Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021067.   Published online September 16, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021067
  • 22,954 View
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  • 11 Web of Science
  • 11 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
The general population is exposed to numerous environmental pollutants, and it remains unclear which pollutants affect the brain, accelerating brain aging and increasing the risk of dementia. The Environmental-Pollution-Induced Neurological Effects study is a multi-city prospective cohort study aiming to comprehensively investigate the effect of different environmental pollutants on brain structures, neuropsychological function, and the development of dementia in adults. The baseline data of 3,775 healthy elderly people were collected from August 2014 to March 2018. The eligibility criteria were age ≥50 years and no self-reported history of dementia, movement disorders, or stroke. The assessment included demographics and anthropometrics, laboratory test results, and individual levels of exposure to air pollution. A neuroimaging sub-cohort was also recruited with 1,022 participants during the same period, and brain magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological tests were conducted. The first follow-up environmental pollutant measurements will start in 2022 and the follow-up for the sub-cohort will be conducted every 3-4 years. We have found that subtle structural changes in the brain may be induced by exposure to airborne pollutants such as particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter (PM<sub>10</sub>), particulate matter 2.5 μm or less in diameter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and Mn<sub>10</sub>, manganese in PM<sub>10</sub>; Mn<sub>2.5</sub>, manganese in PM<sub>2.5</sub>. PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and nitrogen dioxide in healthy adults. This study provides a basis for research involving large-scale, long-term neuroimaging assessments in community-based populations.
Summary
Korean summary
EPINEF 코호트는 환경유해인자에 의한 신경계 질환의 위해성을 평가하고, 환경유해인자로 유발되는 신경심리학적 기능 저하 또는 뇌 노화에 대한 근거를 제공하기 위해 2014년부터 50세 이상의 건강한 성인을 대상으로 시작되었습니다. 본 코호트는 뇌 영상학적 표지자와 인지 기능과 관련된 환경유해인자를 광범위하게 조사한 한국 최초의 장기 추적관찰 연구로, 대기 오염 물질 또는 다환방향족탄화수소 노출이 대뇌 영상표지자 및 신경심리학적 기능, 노인의 우울 증상에 대한 악화 요인으로서의 대기오염물질 노출과 결혼 상태의 교호작용 등의 연구결과들을 발표하였습니다. 또한, 추후에도 코호트의 지속적인 추적을 통해 환경유해인자 노출에 따른 신경학적 건강영향을 연구하여, 신경계 질환 관리를 위한 보건 정책 개선에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대됩니다.
Key Message
The EPINEF cohort was started in 2014 to assess the risk of neurological diseases caused by environmental harmful factors and to provide evidence for neuropsychological dysfunction or brain aging induced by these factors. This cohort is the first long-term follow-up study in Korea to extensively investigate brain imaging markers and environmental harmful factors related to cognitive function, and several related research results have been published. In addition, the follow-up survey will be continued in the future, and we expect that the results of the study will contribute to improving health policies for the management of neurological diseases.

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  • Ultra-short-term effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on heart rate variability in susceptible and vulnerable individuals using real-time personal monitoring
    You Hyun Park, YeonJae Park, Yongjin Lee, Jaelim Cho, Dae Ryong Kang
    Environmental Research.2026; 291: 123522.     CrossRef
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    Juyeon Ko, Young Noh, Sang-Baek Koh, Seung-Koo Lee, Sun-Young Kim, Hong-Nguyen Tran-Thi, Jaelim Cho, Changsoo Kim
    Psychological Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Hajir A. Al Saihati, Naema Ibolgasm Alazabi, Rofanda M. Bakeer, Ghada M. Abol-Fetouh, Omar A. Ahmed-Farid, Alhanouf F. Alshedi, Nimer F. Alsabeelah
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    Heeseon Jang, Hyunji Park, Young Noh, Sang-Baek Koh, Seung-Koo Lee, Jung Il Lee, Ho Hyun Kim, Sun-Young Kim, Jaelim Cho, Changsoo Kim
    Environmental Pollution.2025; 386: 127260.     CrossRef
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    Sayanti Acharyya, Sruthy Hari Kumar, Apoorva Chouksey, Nikita Soni, Nazim Nazeer, Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
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    Jaelim Cho, Jungwoo Sohn, Sung Hee Yang, Seung-Koo Lee, Young Noh, Sung Soo Oh, Sang-Baek Koh, Changsoo Kim
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    Keqin Wu, Yuanhua Meng, Yan Gong, Xuhui Zhang, Linlin Wu, Xinliang Ding, Xiaofeng Chen
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Cohort profile: the Ewha Birth and Growth Study
Hye Ah Lee, Bohyun Park, Jungwon Min, Eun Jeong Choi, Ui Jeong Kim, Hyun Jin Park, Eun Ae Park, Su Jin Cho, Hae Soon Kim, Hwayoung Lee, Young Ju Kim, Young Sun Hong, Eui-Jung Kim, Eun Hee Ha, Hyesook Park
Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021016.   Published online February 22, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021016
  • 24,178 View
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
With the introduction of life-course epidemiology, researchers realized the importance of identifying risk factors in early life to prevent chronic diseases. This led to the establishment of the Ewha Birth and Growth Study in 2001; the study is a prospective birth cohort designed to provide evidence of early life risk factors for a child’s growth and health. Participants were recruited from those who visited Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital (a tertiary hospital in southwest Seoul, Korea) for prenatal care at 24-28 weeks of gestation. In total, 891 mothers enrolled in this study between 2001 and 2006 and their offspring (n=940) were followed-up. Regular check-up examinations of offspring were conducted at 3 years, 5 years, and 7 years of age and every year thereafter. To consider age-related health issues, extensive data were collected using questionnaires and measurements. In 2021, the study subjects will reach 19 years of age, and we are planning a check-up examination for early adulthood. About 20 years have passed since the cohort data were collected, and we have published results on childhood health outcomes associated with prenatal and birth characteristics, genetic and epigenetic characteristics related to childhood metabolism, the effects of exposure to endocrine disruptors, and dietary patterns in childhood. Recently, we started reporting on topics related to adolescent health. The findings will facilitate identification of early life risk factors for chronic diseases and the development of interventions for diseases later in life.
Summary
Korean summary
이화영아성장코호트는 만성질환 예방을 위한 생애초기 위험인자에 대한 근거를 제공하기 위해 2001년에 시작되었습니다. 이화영아성장코호트는 국내에서 선도적인 장기 추적관찰 연구로, 소아기 건강과 관련된 산전 및 출생 시 특징, 소아기 대사와 관련된 유전적 혹은 후성학적 특성, 내분비 장애물질 노출에 따른 영향, 소아기의 식이패턴과 같은 다양한 연구결과들을 발표하였습니다. 추후 청년기의 자료 수집을 계획하고 있으며, 우리의 연구결과는 만성질환 예방을 위한 중재 개발에 기여할 것으로 기대됩니다.
Key Message
To provide evidence of early life risk factors for the prevention of chronic diseases, the Ewha Birth and Growth Study was started in 2001. The Ewha Birth and Growth cohort is a leading long-term follow-up study in Korea, and we have published results on childhood health outcomes associated with prenatal and birth characteristics, genetic and epigenetic characteristics related to childhood metabolism, the effects of exposure to endocrine disruptors, and dietary patterns in childhood. We are planning to collect data for early adulthood, and our findings will contribute to the development of interventions to prevent chronic diseases.

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    Epidemiology and Health.2025; 47: e2025001.     CrossRef
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Brief Communication
Prospective cohort data quality assurance and quality control strategy and method: Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study
Soo Min Kim, Yunsu Choi, Bo Youl Choi, Minjeong Kim, Sang Il Kim, Jun Young Choi, Shin-Woo Kim, Joon Young Song, Youn Jeong Kim, Mee-Kyung Kee, Myeongsu Yoo, Jeong Gyu Lee, Bo Young Park
Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020063.   Published online September 4, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020063
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The aim of effective data quality control and management is to minimize the impact of errors on study results by identifying and correcting them. This study presents the results of a data quality control system for the Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study that took into account the characteristics of the data.
METHODS
The HIV/AIDS Cohort Study in Korea conducts repeated measurements every 6 months using an electronic survey administered to voluntarily consenting participants and collects data from 21 hospitals. In total, 5,795 sets of data from 1,442 participants were collected from the first investigation in 2006 to 2016. The data refining results of 2015 and 2019 were converted into the data refining rate and compared.
RESULTS
The quality control system involved 3 steps at different points in the process, and each step contributed to data quality management and results. By improving data quality control in the pre-phase and the data collection phase, the estimated error value in 2019 was 1,803, reflecting a 53.9% reduction from 2015. Due to improvements in the stage after data collection, the data refining rate was 92.7% in 2019, a 24.21%p increase from 2015.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite this quality management strategy, errors may still exist at each stage. Logically possible errors for the post-review refining of downloaded data should be actively identified with appropriate consideration of the purpose and epidemiological characteristics of the study data. To improve data quality and reliability, data management strategies should be systematically implemented.
Summary
Korean summary
이 연구는 한국 에이즈 코호트 자료의 연구 목적과 역학적 특성을 고려한 체계적인 질 관리 방법과 결과를 제시한다. 시간적 선후 관계를 고려한 로직을 활용한 자료정제 과정을 비롯한 3단계의 체계적인 질 관리 방법은 이제껏 없었던 국내 코호트 자료 질 관리에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

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Cohort Profile
Cohort profile: congenital Zika virus infection and child neurodevelopmental outcomes in the ZEN cohort study in Colombia
Maritza Gonzalez, Van T. Tong, Helena Rodriguez, Diana Valencia, Jacqueline Acosta, Margaret A. Honein, Martha L. Ospina, The ZEN Study Team
Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020060.   Published online August 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020060
  • 23,089 View
  • 237 Download
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
<i>Zika en Embarazadas y Niños</i> (ZEN) is a prospective cohort study designed to identify risk factors and modifiers for Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women, partners, and infants, as well as to assess the risk for adverse maternal, fetal, infant, and childhood outcomes of ZIKV and other congenital infections. ZIKV infection during pregnancy may be associated with longterm sequelae. In the ZEN cohort, 1,519 pregnant women and 287 partners were enrolled from 3 departments within Colombia between February 2017 and January 2018, as well as 1,108 infants born to the pregnant women who were followed to 6 months. The data include baseline questionnaires at enrollment; repeated symptoms and study follow-up questionnaires; the results of lab tests to detect ZIKV and other congenital infections; medical record abstractions; infant physical, eye, and hearing exams; and developmental screening tests. Follow-up of 850 mother-child dyads occurred at 9 months, 12 months, and 18 months with developmental screenings, physical exams, and parent questionnaires. The data will be pooled with those from other prospective cohort studies for an individual participant data meta-analysis of ZIKV infection during pregnancy to characterize pregnancy outcomes and sequelae in children.
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Original Article
Impact of secondhand smoke exposure in former smokers on their subsequent risk of coronary heart disease: evidence from the population-based cohort of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Masoumeh Sadeghi, Maryam S. Daneshpour, Soheila Khodakarim, Amir Abbas Momenan, Mahdi Akbarzadeh, Hamid Soori
Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020009.   Published online March 8, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020009
  • 27,275 View
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  • 10 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Cigarette smoking is an established, strong, and modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, little research has investigated CHD risk in former smokers who continue to be exposed to others’ cigarette smoke (former & secondhand smokers).
METHODS
In the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, a prospective population-based cohort (n=20,069) was followed up for a median period of 14.6 years. A subset of 8,050 participants of 30 years of age and older was analyzed, with first CHD events as the study outcome. Participants were categorized as never, former, current, secondhand, and former & secondhand smokers. Data on smoking intensity (cigarette/d) were also collected. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to estimate the risk of CHD, taking into account the main potential confounders.
RESULTS
The mean age of participants was 46.10 ±11.38 years, and they experienced 1,118 first CHD events (with most CHD cases in former smokers) during the follow-up period. The risk of CHD was highest in current smokers, followed in order by former & secondhand, former, and secondhand smokers (hazard ratio [HR], 1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65 to 2.39; HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.08; HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.72; HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.51, respectively), compared to never smokers. The risk of CHD increased with smoking intensity, which has been proposed as a preferable measure of smoking, indicating a dose-response pattern.
CONCLUSIONS
The elevated risk of CHD in former & secondhand smokers was a noteworthy finding, with possible implications for health policy; however, further research is needed.
Summary

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Cohort Profiles
Health Effects of Underground Workspaces cohort: study design and baseline characteristics
Gerard Dunleavy, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Nuraini Nazeha, Michael Soljak, Nanthini Visvalingam, Ram Bajpai, Hui Shan Yap, Adam C. Roberts, Thuan Quoc Thach, André Comiran Tonon, Chee Kiong Soh, Georgios Christopoulos, Kei Long Cheung, Hein de Vries, Josip Car
Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019025.   Published online August 16, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019025
  • 29,733 View
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  • 14 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
The development of underground workspaces is a strategic effort towards healthy urban growth in cities with ever-increasing land scarcity. Despite the growth in underground workspaces, there is limited information regarding the impact of this environment on workers’ health. The Health Effects of Underground Workspaces (HEUW) study is a cohort study that was set up to examine the health effects of working in underground workspaces. In this paper, we describe the rationale for the study, study design, data collection, and baseline characteristics of participants. The HEUW study recruited 464 participants at baseline, of whom 424 (91.4%) were followed-up at 3 months and 334 (72.0%) at 12 months from baseline. We used standardized and validated questionnaires to collect information on socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics, medical history, family history of chronic diseases, sleep quality, health-related quality of life, chronotype, psychological distress, occupational factors, and comfort levels with indoor environmental quality parameters. Clinical and anthropometric parameters including blood pressure, spirometry, height, weight, and waist and hip circumference were also measured. Biochemical tests of participants’ blood and urine samples were conducted to measure levels of glucose, lipids, and melatonin. We also conducted objective measurements of individuals’ workplace environment, assessing air quality, light intensity, temperature, thermal comfort, and bacterial and fungal counts. The findings this study will help to identify modifiable lifestyle and environmental parameters that are negatively affecting workers’ health. The findings may be used to guide the development of more health-promoting workspaces that attempt to negate any potential deleterious health effects from working in underground workspaces.
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    Kar Fye Alvin Lee, Eun Hee Lee, Adam Charles Roberts, Josip Car, Chee Kiong Soh, Georgios Christopoulos
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    Nuraini Nazeha, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Michael Soljak, Gerard Dunleavy, Nanthini Visvalingam, Ushashree Divakar, Ram Chandra Bajpai, Chee Kiong Soh, George Christopoulos, Josip Car
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    Nanthini Visvalingam, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Michael Soljak, Ai-Ping Chua, Gerard Dunleavy, Ushashree Divakar, Nuraini Nazeha, Ram Bajpai, Chee Kiong Soh, Kwok Kian Woon, Georgios Christopoulos, Josip Car
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  • Activity Tracker–Based Metrics as Digital Markers of Cardiometabolic Health: Cross-Sectional Study
    Yuri Rykov, Thuan-Quoc Thach, Gerard Dunleavy, Adam Charles Roberts, George Christopoulos, Chee Kiong Soh, Josip Car
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  • Prevalence of psychological distress and its association with perceived indoor environmental quality and workplace factors in under and aboveground workplaces
    Gerard Dunleavy, Ram Bajpai, André Comiran Tonon, Kei Long Cheung, Thuan-Quoc Thach, Yuri Rykov, Chee-Kiong Soh, Hein de Vries, Josip Car, Georgios Christopoulos
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Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study: study design and baseline characteristics
Bo Youl Choi, Jun Yong Choi, Sang Hoon Han, Sang Il Kim, Mee-Kyung Kee, Min Ja Kim, Shin-Woo Kim, Sung Soon Kim, Yu-Mi Kim, Nam Su Ku, Jin-Soo Lee, Joo-Shil Lee, Yunsu Choi, Kyong Sil Park, Joon Young Song, Jun Hee Woo, Moon Won Kang, June Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018023.   Published online June 6, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018023
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
The number of persons infected by HIV/AIDS has consistently increased in Korea since the first case of HIV/AIDS infection in 1985 and reached 15,208 by 2016. About 1,100 new patients with HIV/ AIDS infections have emerged every year since 2013. In Korea, the Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study was established for the evidenced-based prevention, treatment, and effective management of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in December 2006. This study monitored 1,438 patients, who accounted for about 10% of all patients with HIV/AIDS in Korea, for 10 years with the following aims: (1) to develop an administrative system for the establishment of a HIV/AIDS cohort-based study; (2) to standardize methodologies and the case report forms; and (3) to standardize multi-cohort data and develop a data cleaning method. This study aims to monitor at least 1,000 patients (excluding those for whom investigation had been completed) per year (estimated number of patients who can be monitored by January 2018: 939). By December 2016, the sex distribution was 93.3% for men, and 6.7% for women (gender ratio, 13.9:1.0), and 98.9% of all participants were Korean. More than 50.0% of the participants were confirmed as HIV positive after 2006. This study reports competitive, long-term research that aimed to develop policies for the prevention of chronic infectious diseases for patients with HIV. The data collected over the last decade will be used to develop indices for HIV treatment and health promotion.
Summary
Korean summary
세계적으로 HIV 감염인은 감소하고 있으나, 한국의 HIV 감염은 증가하여 2013년 이후 매년 1,000명이 넘는 신규 감염인이 보고되고 있다. HIV/AIDS 코호트 연구진은 2006년부터 HIV 감염인과 AIDS 환자를 대상으로 6개월 간격의 반복 조사를 시행하여 역학과 임상 자료를 수집하여 데이터베이스를 구축하고, 생물검체를 채취하여 인체자원은행에 보관하여, HIV/AIDS의 발생 기전을 구명하고, 자연사를 파악하며, 예방과 진단, 치료, 관리 방법을 개발하기 위한 기초와 임상, 역학 연구에 활용하고 있다.

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Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC) cohort: study protocol and results of the first 3 years of enrollment
Jee-Seon Shim, Bo Mi Song, Jung Hyun Lee, Seung Won Lee, Ji Hye Park, Dong Phil Choi, Myung Ha Lee, Kyoung Hwa Ha, Dae Jung Kim, Sungha Park, Won-Woo Lee, Hyeon Chang Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2017;39:e2017016.   Published online April 1, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2017016
  • 29,551 View
  • 349 Download
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  • 42 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
Although the etiologies of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are widely understood, the goal of finding a globally effective solution for preventing CVD is unrealistic. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a community-based prospective study on the prevention and management of CVD in Korean adults. This study was designed to recruit 8,000 healthy adults over the course of 5 years. The baseline assessment includes a wide range of established CVD risk factors, including demographic characteristics, medical history, health behaviors, psychological conditions, body size and composition, blood pressure, the augmentation index, carotid ultrasonography, an electrocardiogram, and biochemical indicators, as well as some novel factors, such as social network characteristics, exposure to environmental pollutants, inflammatory markers, hemostatic markers, and immunosenescence markers. Annual telephone interviews and follow-up health examinations at 5-year intervals after the baseline assessment are planned to collect information on changes in health status and its determinants. Additionally, indirect follow-up using secondary data sources will be conducted to obtain information on health services utilization and death. So far, more than 6,000 adults have been enrolled during the first three and a half years, and almost all participants have been tracked by annual telephone follow-up surveys. The data have been uploaded to iCReaT, the clinical research information management system of the Korea National Institute of Health.
Summary
Korean summary
심뇌혈관 및 대사질환 원인연구센터(Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center)에서는 심뇌혈관질환 및 대사질환의 새로운 발병 원인을 찾고 효율적인 예방 전략을 개발하고자 코호트(CMERC cohort와 CMERC-HI cohort)를 구축하였다. 지역사회에 거주하는 만 30-64세 건강한 성인을 대상으로 하는 CMERC cohort는 2013년부터 2018년 까지 총 5년 동안 8000명 등록을 목표로 기반조사를 진행 중이며(2016년 12월 현재 6000여명 등록), 이미 알려진 다양한 위험요인 이외에 사회연결망 정보와 면역노화 관련 바이오마커 등 새로운 위험 요인에 관한 광범위한 정보가 수집되고 있다. CMERC cohort는 심뇌혈관 및 대사질환 예방연구의 기초자료로 활용되어 과학적 데이터에 근거한 예방 전략 수립에 기여하게 될 것이다.

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The Korean social life, health and aging project-health examination cohort
Ju-Mi Lee, Won Joon Lee, Hyeon Chang Kim, Wungrak Choi, Jina Lee, Kiho Sung, Sang Hui Chu, Yeong-Ran Park, Yoosik Youm
Epidemiol Health. 2014;36:e2014003.   Published online May 13, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2014003
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
The Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (KSHAP) is a population-based longitudinal study of health determinants among elderly Koreans. The target population of the KSHAP are people aged 60 years or older and their spouses living in a rural community of Korea. A complete enumeration survey was conducted in the first wave of the KSHAP on 94.7% (814 of 860) of the target population between December 2011 and July 2012. The KSHAP-Health Examination (KSHAP-HE) cohort consists of 698 people who completed additional health examinations at a public health center (n=533) or at their home (n=165). Face-to-face questionnaires were used to interview participants on their demographics, social network characteristics, medical history, health behaviors, cognitive function, and depression symptoms. Health center examinations included anthropometric measures, body impedance analysis, resting blood pressure measurement, radial artery tonometry, bone densitometry, the timed up-and-go test, and fasting blood analysis. However, only anthropometric measures, blood pressure measurement, and non-fasting blood analysis were available for home health examinations. Collaboration is encouraged and access to the KSHAP baseline data will be available via the website of the Korean Social Science Data Archive (http://www.kossda.or.kr).
Summary
Korean summary
한국인의 사회적 삶, 건강과 노화에 대한 조사(Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, KSHAP) 연구는 노인 건강의 사회적 결정요인과 그 상호작용을 평가하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 사회연결망분석(social network analysis) 기법을 도입하였다. 사회연결망분석은 개인간의 관계를 네트워크로 파악하는 개념으로, 본 연구에서는 지역사회 전체의 사회연결망 안에서 개인의 특성 및 개인간 상호작용의 특성이 신체적 정신적 건강에 미치는 영향을 연구하고자 한다. 대상인구집단은 인천광역시 강화군 일개 면 지역의 60세 이상 인구 및 그 배우자이며, 전체 860명의 모집단에서 814명(94.7%)의 건강면접조사 및 사회연결망 분석을 완료하였으며, 이 가운데 보건지소(533명) 또는 가정(165명)에서 추가 건강검진을 수행한 698명을 대상으로 KSHAP-Health Examination (KSHAP-HE) 코호트를 구축하였다.

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Brief Communication
Quality of Cohort Studies Reporting Post the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement
Jalal Poorolajal, Zahra Cheraghi, Amin Doosti Irani, Shahab Rezaeian
Epidemiol Health. 2011;33:e2011005.   Published online June 7, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2011005
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
<p>The quality of reporting of cohort studies published in the most prestigious scientific medical journals was investigated to indicate to what extent the items in the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist are addressed. Six top scientific medical journals with high impact factor were selected including New England Journal of Medicine, Journal of the American Medical Association, Lancet, British Medical Journal, Archive of Internal Medicine, and Canadian Medical Association Journal. Ten cohort studies published in 2010 were selected randomly from each journal. The percentage of items in the STROBE checklist that were addressed in each study was investigated. The total percentage of items addressed by these studies was 69.3 (95% confidence interval: 59.6 to 79.0). We concluded that reporting of <italic>cohort</italic> studies published in the most prestigious scientific medical journals is not clear enough yet. The reporting of other types of observational studies such as case-control and cross-sectional studies particularly those being published in less prestigious journals expected to be much more imprecise.</p>
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Original Article
Methodologic Considerations on the Cohort Study of Risk Factors of Stomach Cancer: On the Incompleteness of Case Ascertainment.
Moo Song Lee, Wee Chang Kang, Dong Hyun Kim, Jong Myun Bae, Myung Hee Shin, Young Jo Lee, Yoon Ok Ahn
Korean J Epidemiol. 1997;19(2):152-160.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
BACKGROUND
AND PURPOSE: The authors conducted the study to evaluate the incompleteness of follow-up as well as the validity of the diagnostic code in the medical insurance databases in a cohort study. They also suggested several useful regression models for the analysis of such incomplete data.
METHODS
The subjects of Seoul Cohort(n=14,533) were followed up for three and a half years. Based on the chart reviews of the subjects who had the diagnostic code of gastric cancer in the medical insurance databases, forty-four cases of gastric cancer were idenfified, using cancer registry databases and death certificates as the secondary source. Regression coefficients and the associated p-values were estimated using the following six methods and the results were compared with each other. Method 1: The subjects with the diagnostic code in the medical insurance databases were considered as the cases of gastric cancer.
Method
2: The confirmed cases were considered as the cases of gastric cancer. Method 3: The cases were the subjects with the diagnositc code whose diagnosis was confirmed by medical chart reriew. Method 4: Ordinal logistic regression.
Method
5: Weighted logistic regression. Method 6: Polytomous logistic regression RESULTS: A total of 12,541 subjects were followed up excluding censored cases. One hundred and nine subjects were diagnosed with gastric cancer in the medical utilization databases: forty-three were probable cases whose dianosis was not confrimed by chart review, twenty-six were ruled out and 26 were confirmed cases. Another 14 cases were confirmed using the cancer registry and death certificates. Using the secondary sources, four another cases were confirmed and 44 cases were confirmed during follow-up. In method 1, past history of gastritis and gastric ulcer was significant risk factor whereas intake frequency of fresh vegetable, ice cream and coffee was associated with significantly decreased risk. In the second and the sixth method, green tea was a significant protective factor, whereas in methods 3-5, no significant variables were found.
CONCLUSIONS
Polytomous logistic regression was the preferred method in the cohort study using secondary sources of information for the follow-up, and it provided additional information for the risk factor identification, especially for the specificity of the risk factors.
Summary
Epidemiol Health : Epidemiology and Health
© Korean Society of Epidemiology.
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