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1Department of Epidemiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
2Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Kabudar-Ahang, Hamadan, Iran
3Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
4Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
6Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
7Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
8Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
©2016, Korean Society of Epidemiology
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
TB lab staff |
Non-TB staff |
p-value | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | |||
Sex | ||||||
Male | 100 | 56.50 | 47 | 70.15 | 0.05 | 147 |
Female | 77 | 43.50 | 20 | 29.85 | 97 | |
Age (yr) | ||||||
20-29 | 29 | 15.85 | 10 | 14.93 | 0.31 | 39 |
30-39 | 86 | 46.99 | 26 | 38.81 | 112 | |
40-49 | 56 | 30.60 | 22 | 32.84 | 78 | |
≥50 | 12 | 6.56 | 9 | 123.43 | 21 | |
Education level | ||||||
No high school diploma | 17 | 9.60 | 12 | 17.91 | 0.001 | 29 |
High school diploma | 13 | 7.34 | 30 | 44.78 | 43 | |
Associate degree | 59 | 33.33 | 8 | 11.94 | 67 | |
BS | 74 | 41.81 | 16 | 23.88 | 90 | |
Master of science and above | 14 | 7.91 | 1 | 1.49 | 15 | |
Job | ||||||
Lab position requiring a BS | 85 | 48.02 | - | - | 0.001 | 85 |
Technician | 60 | 33.90 | - | - | 60 | |
Service personnel in lab | 32 | 18.08 | - | - | 32 | |
Administrative staff | - | - | 42 | 62.69 | 42 | |
Finance staff | - | - | 10 | 14.93 | 10 | |
Service personnel | - | - | 15 | 22.39 | 15 | |
History of work (yr) | ||||||
0-4 | 62 | 35.03 | 14 | 20.90 | 0.001 | 76 |
5-9 | 42 | 23.73 | 10 | 14.93 | 52 | |
10-14 | 36 | 20.34 | 12 | 17.91 | 48 | |
15-19 | 25 | 14.12 | 13 | 19.40 | 38 | |
≥20 | 12 | 6.78 | 18 | 26.87 | 30 | |
History of BCG vaccination | 159 | 89.83 | 50 | 74.63 | 209 |
Variable | QFT |
p-value | TST |
p-value | p-value |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prevalence | 95% CI | Prevalence | 95% CI | ||||
Sex | |||||||
Male | 0.17 | 0.11, 0.23 | 0.92 | 0.20 | 0.13, 0.26 | <0.05 | 0.46 |
Female | 0.18 | 0.10, 0.25 | 0.10 | 0.04, 0.16 | 0.22 | ||
Age (yr) | |||||||
20-29 | 0.10 | 0.03, 0.24 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.00, 0.13 | <0.05 | 0.16 |
30-39 | 0.17 | 0.10, 0.25 | 0.16 | 0.10, 0.25 | 0.86 | ||
40-49 | 0.23 | 0.14, 0.34 | 0.22 | 0.13, 0.33 | 0.85 | ||
≥50 | 0.05 | 0.00, 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.08, 0.47 | 0.07 | ||
Education level | |||||||
No high school diploma | 0.21 | 0.06, 0.36 | 0.68 | 0.28 | 0.11, 0.44 | 0.49 | 0.54 |
High school diploma | 0.09 | 0.00, 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.02, 0.21 | 0.50 | ||
Associate degree | 0.18 | 0.09, 0.27 | 0.16 | 0.07, 0.25 | 0.82 | ||
BS | 0.18 | 0.10, 0.26 | 0.13 | 0.06, 0.20 | 0.54 | ||
Master of science and above | 0.27 | 0.03, 0.50 | 0.20 | 0.01, 0.41 | 0.67 | ||
Job group | |||||||
TB lab staff | 0.19 | 0.12, 0.24 | 0.34 | 0.14 | 0.09, 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.25 |
Non-TB staff | 0.12 | 0.05, 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.11, 0.31 | 0.39 | ||
Job | |||||||
Lab position requiring a BS | 0.19 | 0.10, 0.27 | 0.78 | 0.14 | 0.07, 0.22 | 0.58 | 0.54 |
Technician | 0.17 | 0.07, 0.26 | 0.17 | 0.07, 0.26 | 0.81 | ||
Service personnel in lab | 0.22 | 0.07, 0.37 | 0.09 | 0.01, 0.20 | 0.17 | ||
Administrative staff | 0.14 | 0.04, 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.07, 0.31 | 0.56 | ||
Finance staff | - | - | 0.10 | 0.09, 0.30 | 0.31 | ||
Service personnel | 0.20 | 0.01, 0.41 | 0.33 | 0.09, 0.58 | 0.41 | ||
History of work (yr) | |||||||
0-4 | 0.16 | 0.07, 0.24 | 0.42 | 0.11 | 0.03, 0.18 | 0.46 | 0.34 |
5-9 | 0.15 | 0.05, 0.24 | 0.13 | 0.04, 0.22 | 0.78 | ||
10-14 | 0.19 | 0.07, 0.30 | 0.21 | 0.09, 0.33 | 0.62 | ||
15-19 | 0.16 | 0.04, 0.28 | 0.18 | 0.06, 0.31 | 0.56 | ||
≥20 | 0.23 | 0.08, 0.38 | 0.22 | 0.08, 0.39 | 1.00 | ||
BCG vaccination | |||||||
No | 0.26 | 0.11, 0.40 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.01, 0.22 | 0.42 | 0.12 |
Yes | 0.16 | 0.11, 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.12, 0.22 | 0.79 | ||
Total | 0.17 | 0.12, 0.21 | 0.16 | 0.11, 0.21 | 0.90 |
Variable | QF |
TST |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted | p-value | Adjusted | p-value | Unadjusted | p-value | Adjusted | p-value | |
Sex | ||||||||
Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Male | 0.96 (0.49, 1.90) | 0.89 | 0.98 (0.46, 2.07) | 0.94 | 2.14 (0.99, 4.61) | 0.05 | 1.75 (0.75, 4.08) | 0.20 |
Age | 1.01 (0.97, 1.05) | 0.69 | 0.99 (0.92, 1.06) | 0.77 | 1.07 (1.02, 1.11) | 0.003 | 1.07 (1.00, 1.15) | 0.05 |
Education Level | ||||||||
No high school diploma | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
High school diploma | 0.39 (0.10, 1.54) | 0.15 | 0.43 (0.10, 1.87) | 0.26 | 0.35 (0.10, 1.19) | 0.09 | 0.40 (0.10, 1.58) | 0.19 |
Associate degree | 0.84 (0.28, 2.49) | 0.70 | 0.81 (0.22, 2.95) | 0.75 | 0.52 (0.18, 1.46) | 0.21 | 1.27 (0.35, 4.55) | 0.72 |
Bachelor of science | 0.83 (0.29, 2.36) | 0.69 | 0.79 (0.22, 2.80) | 0.71 | 0.40 (0.15, 1.12) | 0.8 | 1.02 (0.28, 3.70) | 0.98 |
Master of science and above | 1.40 (0.33, 5.97) | 0.66 | 1.19 (0.23, 6.10) | 0.84 | 0.66 (0.15, 2.95) | 0.58 | 1.75 (0.30, 10.16) | 0.53 |
Job group | ||||||||
Non-lab staff | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
TB lab staff | 1.48 (0.67, 3.28) | 0.34 | 1.88 (0.67, 5.29) | 0.23 | 0.62 (0.30, 1.26) | 0.20 | 2.23 (0.11, 0.93) | 0.04 |
History of work (yr) | ||||||||
0-4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
5-9 | 0.97 (0.37, 2.57) | 0.95 | 1.00 (0.36, 2.74) | 0.99 | 1.32 (0.45, 3.90) | 0.61 | 1.07 (0.35, 3.30) | 0.9 |
10-14 | 1.23 (0.47, 3.18) | 0.67 | 1.42 (0.49, 4.13) | 0.52 | 2.24 (0.81, 6.14) | 0.12 | 1.24 (0.41, 3.75) | 0.71 |
15-19 | 1.00 (0.34, 2.90) | 1.00 | 1.30 (0.36, 4.61) | 0.69 | 1.92 (0.64, 5.76) | 0.25 | 0.77 (0.21, 2.85) | 0.69 |
≥20 | 1.62 (0.57, 4.62) | 0.36 | 2.64 (0.53, 13.09) | 0.24 | 2.58 (0.84, 7.92) | 0.09 | 0.54 (0.11, 2.68) | 0.45 |
Contact with TB patients | ||||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Yes | 0.95 (0.49, 1.85) | 0.87 | 0.73 (0.34, 1.56) | 0.42 | 1.43 (0.72, 2.84) | 0.31 | 1.70 (0.71, 4.05) | 0.23 |
BCG vaccination | ||||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Yes | 0.54 (0.23, 1.26) | 0.15 | 0.50 (0.21, 1.23) | 0.13 | 1.56 (0.52, 4.70) | 0.43 | 2.23 (0.67, 7.43) | 0.19 |
Group | TST results (cut-off point of ≥ 10 mm) | QFT results |
Total | Agreement (%) | Kappa (95%CI) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Negative | Positive | ||||||
TB staff | Negative | 128 | 24 | 152 | 77.40 | 0.18 (0.00, 0.35) | 0.008 |
Positive | 16 | 9 | 25 | ||||
Total | 144 | 33 | 177 | ||||
Non-TB staff | Negative | 48 | 5 | 53 | 77.61 | 0.22 (-0.06, 0.50) | 0.03 |
Positive | 10 | 4 | 14 | ||||
Total | 58 | 9 | 67 | ||||
BCG vaccinated | Negative | 150 | 22 | 172 | 76.92 | 0.16 (-0.00, 0.32) | 0.01 |
Positive | 26 | 10 | 36 | ||||
Total | 176 | 32 | 208 | ||||
Non-BCG vaccinated | Negative | 25 | 7 | 32 | 75.00 | 0.18 (-0.16, 0.53) | 0.11 |
Positive | 2 | 2 | 4 | ||||
Total | 27 | 9 | 36 | ||||
All participants | Negative | 176 | 29 | 205 | 77.46 | 0.19 (0.04, 0.34) | 0.001 |
Positive | 26 | 13 | 39 | ||||
Total | 202 | 33 | 244 |
TB, tuberculosis; BS, bachelor of science; BCG, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.
LBTI, latent tuberculosis infection; TST, tuberculin skin test, QFT, QuantiFERON-TB Gold test; CI, confidence interval; TB, tuberculosis; BS, bachelor of science; BCG, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin. For the comparison of the TST and QFT in each subgroup.
Values are presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval). TST, tuberculin skin test, QFT, QuantiFERON-TB Gold test; TB, tuberculosis; BCG, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.
QFT, QuantiFERON-TB Gold test; TST, tuberculin skin test; CI, confidence interval; TB, tuberculosis; BCG, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin.