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HOME > Epidemiol Health > Volume 46; 2024 > Article
Original Article Smoking-attributable mortality among Korean adults in 2019
Yeun Soo Yang1orcid , Keum Ji Jung1orcid , Heejin Kimm1orcid , Sunmi Lee2orcid , Sun Ha Jee1orcid
Epidemiol Health 2024;46e2024011-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024011
Published online: December 19, 2023
1Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
2Health Insurance Policy Research Institute, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Korea
Corresponding author:  Sun Ha Jee,
Email: jsunha@yuhs.ac
Received: 5 July 2023   • Accepted: 15 November 2023
Yeun Soo Yang and Keum Ji Jung contributed equally to this study as co-first authors.
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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Tobacco use ranks among the leading preventable causes of death worldwide. This study was conducted to calculate the mortality rate attributable to smoking in Korea for 2019 and to highlight the importance of tracking and monitoring smoking-related deaths for public health purposes.
METHODS
Population attributable risk (PAR) was used to estimate the number of deaths related to smoking in 2019. PAR percentages were applied to the estimated mortality figures for various diseases, with PAR determined based on relative risk (RR). Levin’s formula was used to calculate PAR, and RR was adjusted for age and alcohol consumption using Cox proportional hazards regression model to derive disease-specific regression coefficients. The analysis incorporated previously determined smoking rates from 1985, and use rates of novel tobacco products were not considered.
RESULTS
The findings revealed a total of 67,982 smoking-attributable deaths in Korea in 2019, 56,993 of which occurred in men and 11,049 in women. The PAR of smoking for various causes of death in adult men was highest for lung cancer at 74.9%, followed by pneumonia (29.4%), ischemic heart disease (42.3%), and stroke (30.2%). For women, the PAR for smoking-related death was highest for lung cancer (19.9%), followed by stroke (7.6%), pneumonia (5.7%), and ischemic heart disease (9.1%).
CONCLUSIONS
In countries experiencing rapid fluctuations in smoking rates, including Korea, regular studies on smoking-related mortality is imperative. Furthermore, it is necessary to investigate smoking-related deaths, including the prevalence of novel tobacco product use, to accurately gauge the risks associated with emerging tobacco products.

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