Warning: fopen(/home/virtual/epih/journal/upload/ip_log/ip_log_2024-12.txt): failed to open stream: Permission denied in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 95 Warning: fwrite() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 96
1Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
2Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
3Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
©2019, Korean Society of Epidemiology
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Author, year [Ref] | Snail species | Study areas | Collected snails (n) | Examined snails (n) | Infected snails (n) | Prevalence (%) | Study method | Developmental stage | Isolated parasite | Quality score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Massoud, 1974 [14] | R. auricularia | Khuzestan | 44,317 | 44,317 | 225 | 0.5 | Experimental infections | Cercariae | O. turkestanicum | 5 |
Farahnak et al., 2003 [15] | R. auricularia | Khuzestan | 2,000 | 2,000 | 48 | 2.4 | Systematic key | Furcocercariae of avian schistosomes | Trichobilharzia spp. | 4 |
Ashrafi et al., 2004 [16] | R. auricularia | Guilan | 4,830 | 2,028 | 7 | 0.3 | Experimental infections | Immature rediae and cercariae | F. gigantica | |
Athari et al., 2006 [34] | R. auricularia | Mazandaran | 14,190 | 1,794 | 8 | 0.4 | Experimental infections | Furcocercariae of avian schistosomes, other furcocercariae | - | 4 |
Farahnak et al., 2007 [17] | R. auricularia | Khuzestan | 192 | 192 | 9 | 4.0 | Systematic key | Furcocercous cercariae | Bird schistosome (Gigantobilharzia spp.) | 4 |
Sharif et al., 2010 [24] | R. auricularia | Mazandaran | 3,266 | 2,523 | 116 | 4.6 | Systematic key | Echinostomatidae cercaria, Plagiorchiidae cercaria, Diplostomidae cercariae, Clinostomidae cercariae | - | |
Noorpisheh et al., 2011 [19] | R. auricularia | Khuzestan | 6,213 | 6,213 | 107 | 5.0 | Systematic key | Larval stages | Trematodes | 6 |
Imani-Baran et al., 2011 [33] | R. auricularia | West Azerbaijan | 6,759 | 370 | 276 | 74.6 | Systematic key | Echinostome cercariae, Furcocercariae | - | 5 |
Imani-Baran et al., 2012 [20] | R. auricularia | West Azerbaijan | 6,759 | 2,543 | 298 | 11.7 | PCR | Larval stages | F. gigantica | 6 |
Gohardehi et al., 2013 [13] | R. auricularia | Mazandaran | 676 | 84 | 5 | 5.9 | Systematic key | Furcocercariae of avian schistosomes | Trichobilharzia spp. | 4 |
Yakhchali et al., 2013 [32] | R. auricularia | West Azerbaijan | 6,759 | 365 | 105 | 28.8 | Molecular examination | Larval stages | O. turkestanicum | 6 |
Imani-Baran et al., 2013 [21] | R. auricularia | West Azerbaijan | 6,759 | 3,673 | 295 | 8.0 | Systematic key, biometrical examinations | Xiphidiocercariae, Furcocercariae, Echinostome cercariae, Monostome cercariae | - | 6 |
Yakhchali et al., 2014 [9] | R. auricularia | West Azerbaijan | 6,759 | 496 | 12 | 2.4 | Systematic key | Larval stages | F. gigantica | 6 |
Imani-Baran et al., 2014 [22] | R. auricularia | West Azerbaijan | 514 | 187 | 11 | 5.9 | Systematic key | Furcocercariae, Echinostome cercariae | - | 5 |
Yakhchali et al., 2016 [35] | R. auricularia | West Azerbaijan | 320 | 320 | 100 | 31.2 | PCR | Larval stages | T. szidati and T. franki | 6 |
Athari et al., 2006 [34] | L. palustris | Mazandaran | 14,190 | 4,934 | 13 | 0.3 | Experimental infections | Furcocercariae of avian schistosomes, other furcocercariae | Trichobilharzia spp. | 4 |
Salahi-Moghaddam et al., 2009 [23] | L. palustris | Mazandaran | 490 | 490 | 6 | 1.2 | Systematic key | Echinostoma cercariae | - | 7 |
Sharif et al. 2010 [24] | L. palustris | Mazandaran | 3,266 | 178 | 3 | 1.7 | Systematic key | Plagiorchiidae cercariae | - | 6 |
Gohardehi et al., 2013 [13] | L. palustris | Mazandaran | 676 | 53 | 2 | 3.8 | Systematic key | Furcocercariae of avian schistosomes | - | 4 |
Ashrafi et al., 2007 [25] | L. truncatula | Guilan | 200 | 73 | 1 | 1.4 | PCR | Larval stages | F. hepatica | 4 |
Sharif et al., 2010 [24] | L. truncatula | Mazandaran | 3,266 | 565 | 0 | 0.0 | Systematic key | - | - | 6 |
Yakhchali et al., 2015 [26] | L. truncatula | West Azerbaijan | 6,759 | 306 | 51 | 16.6 | PCR-RFLP | Larval stages | F. hepatica | 6 |
Athari et al., 2006 [34] | L. stagnalis | Mazandaran | 14,190 | 2,350 | 8 | 0.3 | Experimental infections | Furcocercariae of avian schistosomes, other furcocercariae | Trichobilharzia spp. | 4 |
Gohardehi et al., 2013 [13] | L. stagnalis | Mazandaran | 676 | 27 | 1 | 3.7 | Systematic key | Furcocercariae of avian schistosomes | Trichobilharzia spp. | 4 |
Rivaz et al., 2014 [27] | L. stagnalis | Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari | 400 | 350 | 105 | 30.0 | Systematic key | Plagiorchiidae cercariae | Opisthioglyphe, Plagiorchiidae | 4 |
Imani-Baran 2014 [22] | L. stagnalis | West Azerbaijan | - | 327 | 0 | 0.0 | Systematic key | - | - | 5 |
Yakhchali et al., 2015 [26] | L. stagnalis | West Azerbaijan | 6,759 | 579 | 6 | 1.1 | PCR-RFLP | Larval stages | F. hepatica | 6 |
Athari et al., 2006 [34] | Physa gyrina spp | Mazandaran | 14,190 | 3,560 | 8 | 0.2 | Experimental infections | Furcocercariae of avian schistosomes, other furcocercariae | - | 4 |
Athari et al., 2006 [34] | P. planorbis | Mazandaran | 14,190 | 1,552 | 10 | 0.6 | Experimental infections | Furcocercariae of avian schistosomes, other furcocercariae | Trichobilharzia spp. | 4 |
Farahnak et al., 2008 [28] | B. truncatus | Khuzestan | 2,400 | 2,400 | 67 | 2.8 | Systematic key | Amphistome cercariae, Strigea cercariae | Paramphistomidae (52) |
4 |
Ghobadi & Farahnak 2004 [29] | V. bengalensis | Khuzestan | 1,143 | 1,143 | 5 | 0.4 | Systematic key | Xiphidiocercariae | Plagiorchiidae | 4 |
Farahnak et al., 2005 [30] | M. tuberculata | Khuzestan | 1,540 | 1,540 | 46 | 2.9 | Systematic key, experimental infections | Heterophyidae cercariae, Echinostomatidae cercariae (E. milvi), Schistosomatidae, Furcocercariae, Plagiorchiidae cercariae, Philophtalmidae cercariae | Heterophyidae (26) |
4 |
Karamian et al., 2011 [18] | M. tuberculata | Khuzestan | 3,830 | 2,294 | 2 | 0.1 | Molecular, staining with FAAL | Furcocercariae of schistosomes | Gigantobilharzia–Dendritobilharzia | 4 |
Farahnak et al., 2006 [31] | Melanopsis spp. | Khuzestan | 2,266 | 2,266 | 72 | 3.1 | Experimental infections | Heterophyidae cercariae: (H., pumilio, H. taithui, Stellantchasmus falcatus, Centrocestus formosanus) | - | 4 |
Echinostome cercariae (E. milvi) | ||||||||||
Cyathocotylid cercariae | ||||||||||
Philophthalmidae cercariae | ||||||||||
Monostome cercariae |
Snail types | Studies (n) | Examined snails (n) | Infected snails (n) | Infected snails(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lymnae truncatula | 3 | 944 | 56 | 5.9 |
Physa gyrina spp. | 1 | 3,560 | 8 | 0.2 |
Planorbis planorbis | 1 | 1,552 | 10 | 0.6 |
Viviparus bengalensis | 1 | 1,143 | 5 | 0.4 |
Bulinus truncatus | 1 | 2,400 | 67 | 2.8 |
Melanoides tuberculata | 2 | 3,834 | 48 | 1.2 |
Melanopsis spp. | 1 | 2,266 | 72 | 5.9 |
Snail types | No. of cases infected with various larval trematode stages |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Examined individuals (n) | EC | XC | MC | DC | CC | HC | PhC | CyC | FL | ScF | PC | SC | TL | FC | |
R. auricularia | 106,090 | 283 | 271 | 4 | 84 | 2 | - | - | - | 317 | 495 | - | - | 107 | 120 |
L. palustris | 5,655 | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11 | - | - | - | 10 |
L. truncatula | 944 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 52 | - | - | - | - | - |
L. stagnalis | 3,633 | - | 105 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 | 2 | - | - | - | 7 |
Physa gyrina spp. | 3,560 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 8 |
P. planorbis | 1,552 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 9 |
B. truncatus | 2,400 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 52 | 15 | - | - |
V. bengalensis | 1,143 | - | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
M. tuberculata | 3,834 | 1 | 10 | - | - | - | 26 | 4 | - | - | 7 | - | - | - | - |
Melanopsis spp. | 2,266 | 2 | - | 3 | - | - | 43 | 5 | 19 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Snails examined and infected with larval stages | 131,077 | 286 | 394 | 7 | 84 | 2 | 69 | 9 | 19 | 375 | 516 | 52 | 15 | 107 | 154 |
Trematode larval stages | Pooled proportion (%) | I² (inconsistency), % (95% CI) | Cochran Q | df | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EC | 4.3 | 99.6 (99.6, 99.7) | 1,357.0 | 5 | <0.001 |
XC | 4.1 | 99.0 (98.8, 99.1) | 485.7 | 5 | <0.001 |
FL | 3.7 | 99.0 (98.7, 99.2) | 390.8 | 4 | <0.001 |
FC | 2.8 | 97.2 (96.0, 97.9) | 143.7 | 4 | <0.001 |
ScF | 2.7 | 98.4 (98.2, 98.6) | 898.1 | 14 | <0.001 |
Larval trematode stages | Studies (n) | Examined larval stages (n) | Identified larval stages (n) |
---|---|---|---|
MC | 2 | 5,939 | 7 |
DC | 1 | 2,523 | 84 |
CC | 1 | 2,523 | 2 |
HC | 2 | 3,806 | 69 |
PhC | 2 | 3,806 | 9 |
CyC | 1 | 2,266 | 19 |
TL | 1 | 6,213 | 107 |
PC | 1 | 2,400 | 52 |
SC | 1 | 2,400 | 15 |
Number infected snails with the trematode larvae.
CI, confidence interval; EC, Echinostomatidae cercariae; XC, xiphidiocercariae; FL, larval stages of Fasciola; FC, non-identified furcocercariae; ScF, schistosome furcocercariae.
MC, monostome cercariae; DC, Diplostomidae cercariae; CC, Clinostomidae cercariae; HC, Heterophyidae cercariae; PhC, Philophthalmidae cercariae; CyC, Cyathocotylidae cercariae; TL, non-identified trematode larvae; PC, Paramphistomidae cercariae; SC, strigea cercariae.