Epidemiology and Health

Original Articles

Regional differences in the associations of diet quality, obesity, and possible sarcopenia using the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018): Hyeongyeong Lee, Sohyun Park; Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023059. Published online June 19, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023059

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Sarcopenic obesity is closely related to aging and the prevalence of various chronic diseases and frailty. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether diet quality is related to obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity, and if so, to explore the difference in that relationship between urban and rural settings.

METHODS

Using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2016-2018, a total of 7,151 participants aged 40 years or older were analyzed. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using handgrip strength. Diet quality was assessed using Korea Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) scores, and obesity was determined based on participants’ abdominal circumference. Multinomial logistic analysis was used for testing statistical significance.

RESULTS

Rural participants had significantly lower KHEI scores and a higher prevalence of sarcopenic obesity than urban participants. The study findings demonstrate that participants without obesity, sarcopenia, or sarcopenic obesity had significantly higher KHEI scores in both rural and urban settings. Multinomial regression analysis further revealed that a higher KHEI score was associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity among urban residents, while only the risk of obesity was lower with higher diet quality scores among rural residents.

CONCLUSIONS

Since diet quality and health status were lower in rural areas, it is important to address this regional disparity with appropriate policy measures. To mitigate urban health disparities, urban residents in poor health with few resources should also be supported.

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Comparison of nutrients and ultra-processed food consumption between different phenotypes defined by abdominal obesity and sarcopenia
Eunjin Jang, Sarang Jeong, Jinhyun Kim, Sukyoung Jung, Jee Young Kim, Jung Eun Lee, Sohyun Park, Jang Won Son
Frontiers in Nutrition.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between triglyceride-glucose index and sarcopenic obesity in adults: a population-based study
Zhengmei Zhao, Ruiting Cai, Lili Tao, Yuxiao Sun, Keping Sun
Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of Dietary Guideline Adherence and Risk of Sarcopenia in Elder Taiwanese
Yih‐Jin Liou, Edward Giovannucci, Wu‐Chien Chien, Li‐Wei Wu
Food Science & Nutrition.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association Between the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) and Healthcare Costs Among Adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016 and 2021
Soyoung Kim, Minseon Park
Nutrients.2025; 17(13): 2237. CrossRef
Associations between diet quality and regional factors in Korea vary according to individuals’ characteristics: a cross-sectional study
Hyunmi Han, Clara Yongjoo Park, Jeonghwa Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2025; 30(4): 274. CrossRef
Individual- and neighborhood-level factors influencing diet quality: a multilevel analysis using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 2010-2019
Dahyun Park, Min-Jeong Shin, S V Subramanian, Clara Yongjoo Park, Rockli Kim
Epidemiology and Health.2025; 47: e2025043. CrossRef
Association of Dietary Protein Sources and Their Adequacy, Body Composition and Risk of Sarcopenic Obesity in South Korean Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study
Jieun Kim, Kyoungsik Jeong, Sueun Lim, Siwoo Lee, Younghwa Baek
Metabolites.2024; 14(2): 130. CrossRef
Association of Combining Diet and Physical Activity on Sarcopenia and Obesity in Elderly Koreans with Diabetes
Sohye Kim, Soojeong Kim, Kyung Hee Hong
Nutrients.2024; 16(7): 964. CrossRef
Longitudinal association between soft drink consumption and handgrip strength in adults: a prospective analysis from the Tianjin Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) cohort study
Tongfeng Liu, Shengxin Quan, Ge Meng, Hongmei Wu, Yeqing Gu, Shunming Zhang, Xuena Wang, Juanjuan Zhang, Qing Zhang, Li Liu, Shaomei Sun, Xing Wang, Ming Zhou, Qiyu Jia, Kun Song, Zhongze Fang, Kaijun Niu
British Journal of Nutrition.2024; 131(12): 1997. CrossRef
Sex-Specific Effects of Dietary Factors on Sarcopenic Obesity in Korean Elderly: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
Soojeong Kim, Kyung Hee Hong
Nutrients.2024; 16(8): 1175. CrossRef

Relationship between smoking status and muscle strength in the United States older adults: R. Constance Wiener, Patricia A. Findley, Chan Shen, Nilanjana Dwibedi, Usha Sambamoorthi; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020055. Published online July 28, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020055

23,964 View
187 Download
6 Web of Science
6 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Muscle strength in older adults is associated with greater physical ability. Identifying interventions to maintain muscle strength can therefore improve quality of life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether current or former smoking status is associated with a decrease in muscle strength in older adults.

METHODS

Data from the Health and Retirement Study from 2012-2014 were analyzed with regard to maximum dominant hand grip strength, maximum overall hand grip strength, and smoking status (current, former, or never). Unadjusted linear regression was conducted. Other factors known to be related to strength were included in the adjusted linear regression analyses.

RESULTS

For maximum grip strength, the regression coefficient was 4.91 for current smoking (standard error [SE], 0.58; p<0.001), 3.58 for former smoking (SE, 0.43; p<0.001), and 28.12 for never smoking (SE, 0.34). Fully adjusted linear regression on the relationship between dominant hand grip strength and smoking did not yield a significant result. The factors significantly associated with dominant hand grip strength were male sex, younger age, a race/ethnicity of non-Hispanic White or non-Hispanic Black, higher income, morbidity of ≤1 condition, no pain, and moderate or vigorous exercise more than once a week.

CONCLUSIONS

Muscle strength in older adults was not associated with smoking status in the adjusted analysis.

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Cumulative handgrip strength and longitudinal changes in cognitive function and daily functioning among people aged 50 years and older: evidence from two longitudinal cohort studies
Bin Han, Ziqian Zeng, Ying Wen, Chu Chen, Daomei Cheng, Yachao Li, Ning Huang, Jia Ruan, Dan Zhao, Qingping Xue
Archives of Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of smoking cessation with dynapenia among older lifetime smokers in Korea
Keunjoong Yoo, Yong Soon Park, Hye Jin Kim, Jeong Hyeon Kim
Tobacco Induced Diseases.2024; 22(August): 1. CrossRef
Association between smoking status and handgrip strength in Korean male adults: based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2019
Eunbyul Cho, Hi Sun Soh, Jae-Ryun Lee, Jieun Yun, Woo Kyung Bae, Hyejin Lee
Frontiers in Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Handgrip strength, dynapenia, and related factors in postmenopausal women
Pascual García-Alfaro, Sandra García, Ignacio Rodríguez, Faustino R. Pérez-López
Menopause.2022; 29(1): 16. CrossRef
Lower body muscle strength, dynapenic obesity and risk of type 2 diabetes –longitudinal results on the chair-stand test from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)
Bernd Kowall
BMC Geriatrics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Relationship between Smoking History and Diaphragm Thickness and Muscle Strength in Young Men
Nan-Soo Kim, Young-Su Park
Archives of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy.2020; 16(2): 65. CrossRef

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