Epidemiology and Health

Perspectives

Health effects of exposure to radon: implications of the radon bed mattress incident in Korea: Songwon Seo, Wi-Ho Ha, Jin-Kyu Kang, Dalnim Lee, Soojin Park, Tae-Eun Kwon, Young Woo Jin; Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019004. Published online February 12, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019004

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Abstract

Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive material formed by the slow decay of uranium and thorium found in the earth’s crust or construction materials. Internal exposure to radon accounts for about half of the natural background radiation dose to which humans are exposed annually. Radon is a carcinogen and is the second leading cause of lung cancer following smoking. An association between radon and lung cancer has been consistently reported in epidemiological studies on mine workers and the general population with indoor radon exposure. However, associations have not been clearly established between radon and other diseases, such as leukemia and thyroid cancer. Radiation doses are assessed by applying specific dose conversion coefficients according to the source (e.g., radon or thoron) and form of exposure (e.g., internal or external). However, regardless of the source or form of exposure, the effects of a given estimated dose on human health are identical, assuming that individuals have the same sensitivity to radiation. Recently, radiation exceeding the annual dose limit of the general population (1 mSv/yr) was detected in bed mattresses produced by D company due to the use of a monazite-based anion powder containing uranium and thorium. This has sparked concerns about the health hazards for mattress users caused by radiation exposure. In light of this event, this study presents scientific information about the assessment of radon and thoron exposure and its human implications for human health, which have emerged as a recent topic of interest and debate in society.

Summary

Korean summary
라돈은 세계보건기구에서 지정한 발암물질로, 흡연 다음으로 폐암을 유발한다. 지난 2018년 5월에 D사 침대 매트리스에서 라돈 및 토론에 의한 일반인의 선량한도 기준치(1 mSv/yr) 이상의 방사선이 검출되었다. 이로 인해 침대 사용자의 방사선 피폭으로 인한 건강영향 우려가 대두되고 있다. 이번 연구에서는 라돈 침대 노출 사고와 관련하여 그 동안 잘 알려지지 않은 라돈 및 토론의 노출평가 및 역학 연구 결과들을 살펴보고, 그 시사점을 고찰한다.

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A study on the relationship between the radiation detection quantity of NORM-containing products in Taiwan
Zi-Yi Yang
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry.2024; 333(3): 1195. CrossRef
Spatial modeling of geogenic indoor radon distribution in Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea using enhanced machine learning algorithms
Fatemeh Rezaie, Mahdi Panahi, Sayed M. Bateni, Seonhong Kim, Jongchun Lee, Jungsub Lee, Juhee Yoo, Hyesu Kim, Sung Won Kim, Saro Lee
Environment International.2023; 171: 107724. CrossRef
Development of walk-in type radon calibration chamber at KRISS
Hyun Su Lee, Sanghoon Hwang, Byoung-Chul Kim, Jong-Man Lee, Kyoung Beom Lee
Journal of the Korean Physical Society.2023; 82(6): 595. CrossRef
Indoor air quality guidelines from across the world: An appraisal considering energy saving, health, productivity, and comfort
Sani Dimitroulopoulou, Marzenna R. Dudzińska, Lars Gunnarsen, Linda Hägerhed, Henna Maula, Raja Singh, Oluyemi Toyinbo, Ulla Haverinen-Shaughnessy
Environment International.2023; 178: 108127. CrossRef
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS AND DOSE ASSESSMENT OF THE RADON EMITTED FROM THE MONAZITE-CONTAINING MATTRESS IN GENERAL RESIDENTIAL SPACE BY CFD METHODS
Choong Wie Lee, Hee Reyoung Kim
Radiation Protection Dosimetry.2022; 198(1-2): 8. CrossRef
A systematic review on groundwater radon distribution with human health consequences and probable mitigation strategy
Tilak Nayak, Sohom Basak, Argha Deb, Paltu Kumar Dhal
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity.2022; 247: 106852. CrossRef
Water Quality Assessment Bias Associated with Long-Screened Wells Screened across Aquifers with High Nitrate and Arsenic Concentrations
Yibin Huang, Yanmei Li, Peter S. K. Knappett, Daniel Montiel, Jianjun Wang, Manuel Aviles, Horacio Hernandez, Itza Mendoza-Sanchez, Isidro Loza-Aguirre
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(16): 9907. CrossRef
Experimental Study on Unsteady Radon Exhalation from the Overburden Layer of the Uranium Mill Tailings Pond under Rainfall
Hong Wang, Wenhua Wang, Runcheng He, Changshou Hong, Jin Wang, Xiangyang Li, Yong Liu, Hesham Zakaly
Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Risk perception of radiation emergency medical staff on low-dose radiation exposure: Knowledge is a critical factor
Younghyun Lee, You Yeon Choi, Mihyun Yang, Young Woo Jin, Ki Moon Seong
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity.2021; 227: 106502. CrossRef
An intercomparison exercise to compare scoring criteria and develop image databank for biodosimetry in South Korea
Yang Hee Lee, Younghyun Lee, Hyo Jin Yoon, Su San Yang, Hae Mi Joo, Ji Young Kim, Seong-Jun Cho, Wol Soon Jo, Soo Kyung Jeong, Su Jung Oh, Yeong-Rok Kang, Ki Moon Seong
International Journal of Radiation Biology.2021; 97(9): 1199. CrossRef
Dual Nature of Relationship between Mycobacteria and Cancer
Marek Fol, Piotr Koziński, Jakub Kulesza, Piotr Białecki, Magdalena Druszczyńska
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(15): 8332. CrossRef
Radon transport events associated with the impact of a NORM repository in the SW of Europe
I. Gutiérrez-Álvarez, J.L. Guerrero, J.E. Martín, J.A. Adame, A. Vargas, J.P. Bolívar
Environmental Pollution.2021; 289: 117963. CrossRef
Lung cancer in never smokers: The role of different risk factors other than tobacco smoking
Luis Corrales, Rafael Rosell, Andrés F. Cardona, Claudio Martín, Zyanya Lucia Zatarain-Barrón, Oscar Arrieta
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2020; 148: 102895. CrossRef
Inspection and radiation dose evaluation results for NORM-containing products in Taiwan
Ming-Hsiu Lin, Ping-Ji Huang
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry.2020; 325(1): 43. CrossRef
Does eco‐innovation drive sales and technology investment? Focusing on eco‐label in Korea
Myoungjin Oh, Jungwoo Shin, Pil‐Ju Park, Sunmee Kim
Business Strategy and the Environment.2020; 29(8): 3174. CrossRef
Radon—The Element of Risk. The Impact of Radon Exposure on Human Health
Anna Grzywa-Celińska, Adam Krusiński, Jadwiga Mazur, Katarzyna Szewczyk, Krzysztof Kozak
Toxics.2020; 8(4): 120. CrossRef
Role of Commensal Microbes in the γ-Ray Irradiation-Induced Physiological Changes in Drosophila melanogaster
Hwa-Jin Lee, Shin-Hae Lee, Ji-Hyeon Lee, Yongjoong Kim, Ki Moon Seong, Young Woo Jin, Kyung-Jin Min
Microorganisms.2020; 9(1): 31. CrossRef
INDOOR RADON CONCENTRATION AND ANNUAL EFFECTIVE DOSE IN 56 RADIATION AREAS AT 34 MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS IN SOUTH KOREA
YoungSeok Ji, DongJin Kim, EunYoung Shin, ChanMin Dae, BaeWon Lee
Radiation Protection Dosimetry.2020; 192(4): 453. CrossRef
Health effects and consultations about radon exposure
Songwon Seo, Jin-Kyu Kang, Dalnim Lee, Young Woo Jin
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2019; 62(7): 376. CrossRef
Science against Pseudoscience
Han-Bo-Ram Lee
Chemistry of Materials.2019; 31(18): 7113. CrossRef

Vitamin D supplementation as a control program against latent tuberculosis infection in Korean high school students: Eun Hee Kim, Jong-Myon Bae; Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018035. Published online July 27, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018035

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Abstract

The prevalence of latnet Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in the first-grade high school students in South Korea was 2.1%, which was the lowest level at congregated settings in 2017. For LTBI cases refusing anti-tuberculosis (TB) medication or having poor compliance, additional support should be considered. Eight systematic reviews concluded that vitamin D (VD) deficiency is a risk factor for TB. While three of four South Korean adolescents were VD deficiency, VD supplementation could be a practical remedy to protect LTBI students of refusing anti-TB medication or having poor compliance.

Summary

Korean summary
잠복결핵검진 검사 양성자이면서 항결핵제 복용을 거부하는 고1학생에 대한 사후 조치가 필요하다. 그동안의 연구결과들에 근거할 때, 잠복결핵이 활동성결핵으로의 전환을 억제하기 위해서 비타민 D 보충제의 투여를 검토해 볼 수 있다.

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Vitamin D and the risk of latent tuberculosis infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yan Cao, Xinjing Wang, Ping Liu, Yue Su, Haotian Yu, Jingli Du
BMC Pulmonary Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of vitamin D levels and risk of latent tuberculosis in the hemodialysis population
Shang-Yi Lin, Yi-Wen Chiu, Hui-Ru Yang, Tun-Chieh Chen, Min-Han Hsieh, Wen-Hung Wang, Yen-Hsu Chen
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection.2021; 54(4): 680. CrossRef
A scoping review on climate change and tuberculosis
Bijay Maharjan, Ram Sharan Gopali, Ying Zhang
International Journal of Biometeorology.2021; 65(10): 1579. CrossRef
Tuberculosis risk is associated with genetic polymorphisms in the LRP2, CUBN, and VDR genes
Sung-Soo Kim, Sang In Lee, Hyun-Seok Jin, Sangjung Park
Genes & Genomics.2020; 42(10): 1189. CrossRef

Interpretation of the hygiene and microflora hypothesis for allergic diseases through epigenetic epidemiology: Jong-Myon Bae; Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018006. Published online March 10, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018006

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Abstract

The hygiene hypothesis (HH) proposed by Strachan in 1989 was expanded to explain the inverse association between the occurrence of allergy disorders and the risk of infectious diseases and parasite infestation. The microflora hypothesis (MH) suggests that gut microbial dysbiosis in early life might trigger hypersensitivity disorders. The sharing concept of both HH and MH is gene-environment interaction, which is also a key concept in epigenetics. The amalgamation of epidemiology and epigenetics has created a scientific discipline termed epigenetic epidemiology. To accomplish an era of gene-environment-wide interaction studies, it is necessary to launch a national human epigenome project.

Summary

Korean summary
1989년 제시된 위생가설 (Hygiene hypothesis)은 최근 체내미생물가설 (Microflora hypothesis) 대치되어 알레르기 질환의 발생기전을 해석하고 있다. 두 가설 모두 유전-환경 상호작용 gene-environment interaction) 을 강조하고 있다는 점에서 향후 후성유전역학 연구에 대한 활성화가 필요하다.

Citations

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Multicenter study of seasonal and regional airborne allergens in Chinese preschoolers with allergic rhinitis
Zhifeng Huang, Aoli Li, Huiqing Zhu, Junxiu Pan, Jun Xiao, Jiang Wu, Yumin Han, Lili Zhong, Xuhui Sun, Lei Wang, Liang Hu, Cuihua Wang, Xingkai Ma, Zaixia Qiao, Min Zhang, Ling Yuan, Xin Liu, Jun Tang, Yue Li, Hong Yu, Zhaobing Zheng, Baoqing Sun
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A Higher Incidence of Isolated Biliary Atresia in Rural Areas
Mark Nomden, Daan B.E. van Wessel, Solomon Ioannou, Henkjan J. Verkade, Ruben H. de Kleine, Behrooz Z. Alizadeh, Janneke L.M. Bruggink, Jan B.F. Hulscher
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition.2021; 72(2): 202. CrossRef
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Cancer: A Controversial Relationship
Mariagrazia Piscione, Mariangela Mazzone, Maria Carmela Di Marcantonio, Raffaella Muraro, Gabriella Mincione
Frontiers in Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Pathogenesis of Children’s Allergic Diseases: Refocusing the Role of the Gut Microbiota
Tingting Hu, Yinmiao Dong, Chenghao Yang, Mingyi Zhao, Qingnan He
Frontiers in Physiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Pilot study of the SCFA Headspace Analysis of Streptococcus mutans Metabolites in Media with and without Polyols
Goudarzi S Habibi, B Kabat, M Cannon, M Gashkoff, R Zurek
Edelweiss Journal of Biomedical Research and Review.2020; : 24. CrossRef
Blockade of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 alleviates renal injury associated with hyperuricemia
Yingfeng Shi, Liuqing Xu, Min Tao, Lu Fang, Jiasun Lu, Hongwei Gu, Shuchen Ma, Tao Lin, Yi Wang, Wenfang Bao, Andong Qiu, Shougang Zhuang, Na Liu
American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology.2019; 316(3): F488. CrossRef
Researches of Epigenetic Epidemiology for Infections and Radiation as Carcinogen
Jong-Myon Bae
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2018; 51(4): 169. CrossRef
Necessity of Epigenetic Epidemiology Studies on the Carcinogenesis of Lung Cancer in Never Smokers
Jong-Myon Bae
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2018; 51(5): 263. CrossRef

National human genome projects: an update and an agenda: Joon Yong An; Epidemiol Health. 2017;39:e2017045. Published online October 16, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2017045

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Abstract

Population genetic and human genetic studies are being accelerated with genome technology and data sharing. Accordingly, in the past 10 years, several countries have initiated genetic research using genome technology and identified the genetic architecture of the ethnic groups living in the corresponding country or suggested the genetic foundation of a social phenomenon. Genetic research has been conducted from epidemiological studies that previously described the health or disease conditions in defined population. This perspective summarizes national genome projects conducted in the past 10 years and introduces case studies to utilize genomic data in genetic research.

Summary

Korean summary
지난 10년동안, 유전체 해독 기술의 발전과 유전학 데이터 공유로 인해 인간 유전학에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이에 따라, 세계의 몇몇 국가들이 국가 단위의 유전체 연구를 시작했으며, 의생물학 연구 및 해당 국가의 거주민의 유전적 조성을 연구하고 있다. 해당 리뷰에서는 국가 단위의 유전체 연구를 소개함으로써, 향후 우리나라에서 진행할 국가 단위의 유전체 연구에 대한 방향을 제시한다.

Citations

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The future of cystic fibrosis care: a global perspective
Scott C Bell, Marcus A Mall, Hector Gutierrez, Milan Macek, Susan Madge, Jane C Davies, Pierre-Régis Burgel, Elizabeth Tullis, Claudio Castaños, Carlo Castellani, Catherine A Byrnes, Fiona Cathcart, Sanjay H Chotirmall, Rebecca Cosgriff, Irmgard Eichler,
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine.2020; 8(1): 65. CrossRef
Willingness to participate in genome testing: a survey of public attitudes from Qatar
Hanan F. Abdul Rahim, Said I. Ismail, Amel Hassan, Tasnim Fadl, Salma M. Khaled, Bethany Shockley, Catherine Nasrallah, Yara Qutteina, Engi Elmaghraby, Heba Yasin, Dima Darwish, Khalid A. Fakhro, Radja Badji, Wadha Al-Muftah, Nahla Afifi, Asmaa Althani
Journal of Human Genetics.2020; 65(12): 1067. CrossRef
Citizens' Attitudes, Knowledge, and Educational Needs in the Field of Omics Sciences: A Systematic Literature Review
Giovanna Elisa Calabrò, Michele Sassano, Alessia Tognetto, Stefania Boccia
Frontiers in Genetics.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Opportunities and Challenges for Molecular Understanding of Ciliopathies–The 100,000 Genomes Project
Gabrielle Wheway, Hannah M. Mitchison
Frontiers in Genetics.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Evolution of biosequence search algorithms: a brief survey
Gregory Kucherov, Jonathan Wren
Bioinformatics.2019; 35(19): 3547. CrossRef
Iranome: A catalog of genomic variations in the Iranian population
Zohreh Fattahi, Maryam Beheshtian, Marzieh Mohseni, Hossein Poustchi, Erin Sellars, Sayyed Hossein Nezhadi, Amir Amini, Sanaz Arzhangi, Khadijeh Jalalvand, Peyman Jamali, Zahra Mohammadi, Behzad Davarnia, Pooneh Nikuei, Morteza Oladnabi, Akbar Mohammadzad
Human Mutation.2019; 40(11): 1968. CrossRef
Genomics of rare genetic diseases—experiences from India
Sridhar Sivasubbu, Vinod Scaria
Human Genomics.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Interpretation of the hygiene and microflora hypothesis for allergic diseases through epigenetic epidemiology
Jong-Myon Bae
Epidemiology and Health.2018; 40: e2018006. CrossRef

The direction of restructuring of a Korea field epidemiology training program through questionnaire survey among communicable disease response staff in Korea: Moo Sik Lee, Kwan Lee, Jee-Hyuk Park, Jee-Young Hong, Min-Young Jang, Byoung-Hak Jeon, Sang-Yun Cho, Sun-Ja Choi, JeongIk Hong; Epidemiol Health. 2017;39:e2017032. Published online July 24, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2017032

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Abstract

We used a survey about the need for an educational training of infectious disease response staff in Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) and officer in metropolitan cities and provincial government to conduct field epidemiological investigation. The survey was conducted from January 25 to March 15, 2016. A total of 173 participants were selected from four different groups as follows: 27 clinical specialists, 22 Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) officers, 82 KCDC staff, and 42 local health department officials. Results revealed that 83% of KCDC staff and 95% of local health department officials agreed on the need for educational training to strengthen capability of personnel to conduct epidemic research and investigation. The level of their need for training was relatively high, while self-confidence levels of individuals to conduct epidemic research and investigation was low. It was concluded that there was a need to develop training programs to enhance the ability of public health officials, EIS officers, KCDC staff, and local health department personnel to conduct epidemic research and investigation.

Summary

Korean summary
2015년 한국의 메르스 유행후 한국의 감염병 대응인력을 대상으로 한 조사분석을 통하여 역학조사관 교육 개편의 필요성을 확인하고, 세부 교육과정, 방법 및 내용 등 포괄적인 교육강화 및 개선방안을 모색하여 향후 역학조사관 신규 교육프로그램의 개발과 역량강화 방안을 제시하였다.

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Perceived sources of occupational burn-out and embitterment among front-line health workers for COVID-19 control in Gyeonggi province, South Korea: a qualitative study
Bee-Ah Kang, Sijoung Kwon, Myoungsoon You, Heeyoung Lee
Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2022; 79(4): 245. CrossRef

Suggestions for the promotion of evidence-based public health in South Korea: Jong-Myon Bae; Epidemiol Health. 2017;39:e2017030. Published online July 19, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2017030

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Abstract

Evidence-based public health (EBPH) is defined as public health decision-making based on current best evidence. Debates about the latent tuberculosis infection control program suggested by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2017 highlight the need to promote EBPH. Three strategies have been proposed, including providing necessary evidence by evaluating policy-evidence gaps; delivering high-quality, relevant, and timely evidence by conducting systematic reviews and adapting public health guidelines; and making value-driven decisions by training and educating public health policymakers.

Summary

Korean summary
근거중심 공중보건 (EBPH)는 공중보건영역에서 최신과 최선의 근거에 기반하여 의사결정을 하는 것이다. EBPH를 활성화하기 위해서는 정책-근거 간의 간극을 알아내고, 체계적 고찰을 통한 공중보건지침을 개발하며, 의사결정참여자의 역량을 높이기 위한 교육훈련을 추진하는 것이다.

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Comparative efficacy on outcomes of C-CABG, OPCAB, and ONBEAT in coronary heart disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Lin Zhu, Dongjie Li, Xu Zhang, Sitong Wan, Yuyong Liu, HongJia Zhang, Junjie Luo, Yongting Luo, Peng An, Wenjian Jiang
International Journal of Surgery.2023; 109(12): 4263. CrossRef
Ethical, pedagogical, socio-political and anthropological implications of quaternary prevention
Marc Jamoulle, Michel Roland, Jong-Myon Bae, Bruno Heleno, Giorgio Visentin, Gustavo Diniz Ferreira Gusso, Maciek Godycki-Ćwirko, Miguel Pizzanell, Patrick Ouvrard, Ricardo La Valle, Luis Filipe Gomes, Daniel Widmer, Jorge Bernstein, Mariana Mariño, Hamil
Revista Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade.2018; 13(40): 1. CrossRef
Network meta-analysis: application and practice using Stata
Sungryul Shim, Byung-Ho Yoon, In-Soo Shin, Jong-Myon Bae
Epidemiology and Health.2017; 39: e2017047. CrossRef

An opposing view on including high school students in a latent tuberculosis infection control program in Korea: Jong-Myon Bae; Epidemiol Health. 2017;39:e2017015. Published online March 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2017015

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Abstract

The Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (KCDC) has announced a control program against latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI), for a “TB-safe country” this year with the goal of a “TB-free Korea” by 2025. The program includes high school students as one target group; however, some school health teachers and parents have expressed their opposition to this. The 2015 World Health Organization guidelines do not recommend inclusion of asymptomatic high school students in LTBI control programs. Based on this guideline, the KCDC should consider excluding this population from the program.

Summary

Korean summary
질병관리본부는 결핵안심국가를 만들기 위하여 고등학교 1학년생을 포함한 잠복결핵감염 검사사업을 2017년 추진하기로 공고하였다. 그러나 2015년에 발표된 WHO 지침에 따르면 해당 대상자들은 검사대상자로 제시되어 있지않다. 근거중심의 보건정책 추진을 위해서 사업 대상 선정을 재검토할 필요가 있다.

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The cascade of care for latent tuberculosis infection in congregate settings: A national cohort analysis, Korea, 2017–2018
Jinsoo Min, Hyung Woo Kim, Helen R. Stagg, Molebogeng X. Rangaka, Marc Lipman, Ibrahim Abubakar, Yunhee Lee, Jun-Pyo Myong, Hyunsuk Jeong, Sanghyuk Bae, Ah Young Shin, Ji Young Kang, Sung-Soon Lee, Jae Seuk Park, Hyeon Woo Yim, Ju Sang Kim
Frontiers in Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Latent tuberculosis infection: recent progress and challenges in South Korea
Doosoo Jeon
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2020; 35(2): 269. CrossRef
Vitamin D supplementation as a control program against latent tuberculosis infection in Korean high school students
Eun Hee Kim, Jong-Myon Bae
Epidemiology and Health.2018; 40: e2018035. CrossRef
Suggestions for the promotion of evidence-based public health in South Korea
Jong-Myon Bae
Epidemiology and Health.2017; 39: e2017030. CrossRef
결핵정책에 대하여
찬병 박
Public Health Affairs.2017; 1(1): 13. CrossRef

Is there evidence that Kudoa septempunctata can cause an outbreak of acute food poisoning?: Young-Bae Chung, Jong-Myon Bae; Epidemiol Health. 2017;39:e2017004. Published online January 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2017004

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Abstract

After publishing results of a study that revealed diarrheagenic and emetic activity in 4-5-day old mice infected with Kudoa septempunctata (K. septempunctata) spores, the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported 11 events of “Kudoa food poisoning” in 2015. The epidemiological design of the previous study was descriptive rather than analytical; therefore, this study aimed to further investigate the pathogenicity of K. septempunctata. Academic articles showing evidence of the pathogenicity of K. septempunctata were searched via PubMed using the citation discovery tool. Information regarding the kinds of experimental animals and inoculum spores used, as well as study results were extracted. Four articles evaluating the pathogenicity of Myxospran parasites were selected; the first article suggested the pathogenicity of K. septempunctata, while the remaining three articles reported no abnormal symptoms or histopathologic changes. Our findings indicate that there is weak evidence supporting the pathogenicity of K. septempunctata. Further studies evaluating the pathogenicity of K. septempunctata are needed urgently.

Summary

Korean summary
“질병관리본부는 2015년 쿠도아충 환자 사례조사 (cases reports)를 발표하였다. 제주산 광어에서 발견되는 칠성쿠도아충이 급성 식중독을 일으키는 병인 원충이라는 주장과 관련한 병인성 (pathogenicity) 근거들을 정리한 결과 실험실적 근거에 일관성이 없었다. 이렇게 실험실적 근거가 불충분한 상황에서, 오직 환자사례 결과들만으로 칠성쿠도아충을 급성식중독의 역학적 인과성 (epidemiologic causality)을 부여하는 것은 과학적 타당성이 떨어진다.”

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The effect of smoking on lung cancer: ethnic differences and the smoking paradox: Keum Ji Jung, Christina Jeon, Sun Ha Jee; Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016060. Published online December 20, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016060

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Abstract Summary PDF

Abstract

The objectives of this review were to determine whether the smoking paradox still exists and to summarize possible explanations for the smoking paradox. Based on published data, we compared the risk of cigarette smoking for lung cancer in Western and Asian countries. We extracted data from the relevant studies about annual tobacco consumption, lung cancer mortality rates according to smoking status from each country, and possible explanations for the smoking paradox. A significantly greater risk of lung cancer death was found among current smokers in Asian countries than among nonsmokers, with relative risks (RRs) of 4.0 to 4.6 for Koreans, 3.7 to 5.1 for Japanese, and 2.4 to 6.5 for Chinese. Although a significantly greater risk of lung cancer was present among current smokers in Asian countries, the RRs in Asian countries were much lower than those reported in Western countries (range, 9.4 to 23.2). Possible explanations for the smoking paradox included epidemiologic characteristics, such as the smoking amount, age at smoking initiation, and the use of filtered or mild tobacco. The smoking paradox definitely exists, but may be explained by major epidemiologic characteristics. Therefore, the smoking paradox should not be interpreted as indicating that tobacco is safer or less harmful for Asians.

Summary

Korean summary
흡연이 폐암에 미치는 관련성의 인종 차이 흡연은 폐암의 가장 큰 원인으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 흡연이 폐암에 미치는 관련성의 크기는 영국, 미국 등 서양에서 발표된 연구결과에서 10-20배 정도로 보고되고 있으나 한국, 일본, 중국 등 동양에서 발표된 연구에서 3-5배 정도로 낮게 보고되고 있다. 이러한 차이는 흡연유행, 담배성분, 흡연자 특성, 그리고 유전적인 차이로 일부 설명되고 있으나 아직 완전히 이해되어진 상태는 아니다. 이는 공중보건학적으로 매우 중요한 의미를 가지므로 동서양의 직접적인 비교연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

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Strategies for an effective tobacco harm reduction policy in Indonesia: Fariz Nurwidya, Fumiyuki Takahashi, Hario Baskoro, Moulid Hidayat, Faisal Yunus, Kazuhisa Takahashi; Epidemiol Health. 2014;36:e2014035. Published online December 10, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2014035

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199 Download
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Abstract PDF

Abstract

Tobacco consumption is a major causative agent for various deadly diseases such as coronary artery disease and cancer. It is the largest avoidable health risk in the world, causing more problems than alcohol, drug use, high blood pressure, excess body weight or high cholesterol. As countries like Indonesia prepare to develop national policy guidelines for tobacco harm reduction, the scientific community can help by providing continuous ideas and a forum for sharing and distributing information, drafting guidelines, reviewing best practices, raising funds, and establishing partnerships. We propose several strategies for reducing tobacco consumption, including advertisement interference, cigarette pricing policy, adolescent smoking prevention policy, support for smoking cessation therapy, special informed consent for smokers, smoking prohibition in public spaces, career incentives, economic incentives, and advertisement incentives. We hope that these strategies would assist people to avoid starting smoking or in smoking cessation.

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Factors Affecting Secondhand Smoke Avoidance Behavior of Vietnamese Adolescents
Ja-yin Lee, Hyunmi Ahn, Hyeonkyeong Lee
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(8): 1632. CrossRef

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