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This study is to investigate risk factor in lung cancer due to smoking and other risk factors by a case-control study. Three hundred and seventy five patients with lung cancer and 750 hospital controls were analyzed. The summary of the results are as followings. 1. The ages of the lung cancer patients ranged from 23 to 76 years for male and from 32 to 73 years for female. The mean age for male and female was 55.0 years and 54.3 years. The distribution of the ages for cases and controls was not statistically significant. 2. The distribution of studied groups by marital status, religion, education level, and occupation showed no difference significantly. 3. In this study 286 of the 375 male cases(76.2%) ever smoked regularly, as compared to 65.5% of controls. The estimated relative risk of lung cancer in cigarette smokers was 4.6. 4. The longer the duration of smoking or the greater the total number of cigarettes consumed, the higher the risk; linear trends were highly significant. 5. The earlier life cases began to smoke, and the more frequently and the more deeply they inhaled, the higher were their risks of developing lung cancer, even after adjusting for sex and duration of cigarette use. Linear trends were significant. Cases who reported cessation of smoking has a decreased risk of lung cancer. 6. The risk of lung cancer was higher among nonfilter smokers and mixed smokers than among filter smokers. 7. Amongst lifelong nonsmokers, passive smoking was not associated with any significant increase in risk of lung cancer. 8. There was an increasing risk of lung cancer with duration of residence in urban areas compared to in rural areas. 9. The largest histologic group of male lung cancers was squamous cell carcinoma(60.4%), followed by adenocarcinoma(18.9%). In female, adenocarcinoma was the most frequent(54.7%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma(22.1%) and small cell carcinoma(16.8%). 10. The percentage of lung cancer of squamous cell carcinoma increased with smoking, whereas adenocarcinoma was most common histologic type among nonsmokers.