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Original Articles
Substance abuse behaviors among university freshmen in Iran: a latent class analysis
Kourosh Kabir, Ali Bahari, Mohammad Hajizadeh, Hamid Allahverdipour, Mohammad Javad Tarrahi, Ali Fakhari, Hossein Ansari, Asghar Mohammadpoorasl
Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018030.   Published online July 2, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018030
  • 11,957 View
  • 208 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Substance abuse behaviors among university freshmen in Iran are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify, for the first time, subgroups of university freshmen in Iran on the basis of substance abuse behaviors. Moreover, it examined the effects of socio-demographic characteristics on membership in each specific subgroup.
METHODS
Data for the study were collected cross-sectionally in December 2013 and January 2014 from 4 major cities in Iran: Tabriz, Qazvin, Karaj, and Khoramabad. A total of 5,252 first-semester freshmen were randomly selected using a proportional cluster sampling methodology. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify subgroups of students on the basis of substance abuse behaviors and to examine the effects of students’ socio-demographic characteristics on membership in each specific subgroup.
RESULTS
The LCA procedure identified 3 latent classes: the healthy group; the hookah experimenter group; and the unhealthy group. Approximately 82.8, 16.1, and 2.1% of students were classified into the healthy, hookah experimenter, and unhealthy groups, respectively. Older age, being male, and having a family member or a close friend who smoked increased the risk of membership in classes 2 and 3, compared to class 1.
CONCLUSIONS
Approximately 2.1% of freshmen exhibited unhealthy substance abuse behaviors. In addition, we found that older age, being male, and having a close friend or family member who smoked may serve as risk factors for substance abuse behaviors.
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Current and life-time alcohol consumption in Iranian students: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Neda Soleimanvandiazar, Salah Eddin Karimi, Mahboobeh Kamali, Marziyeh Moradi, Leila Janani, Saeed Ghanbari, Azadeh Mottaghi, Mojtaba Piri, Leila Ghalichi, Marzieh Nojomi
    Journal of Substance Use.2023; 28(6): 809.     CrossRef
  • Neighborhoods and adolescent polysubstance use in Jamaica
    Amrita Gill, Erica Felker-Kantor, Colette Cunningham-Myrie, Lisa-Gaye Greene, Parris Lyew-Ayee, Uki Atkinson, Wendel Abel, Simon G. Anderson, Katherine P. Theall
    PeerJ.2023; 11: e14297.     CrossRef
  • Designing and Psychometrically Evaluating Students’ Common Types of Misconceptions about Substance Abuse Inventory: A Methodological Study
    Hamid Sharif-Nia, Tahereh Heidari, Mehran Zarghami, Azar Ramezani Toyeh, Parvin Ghasemi Mianaee, Vahid Ganji, Hamideh Azimi Lolaty
    Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Latent Classes of Substance Use in Young Adults – A Systematic Review
    Martha Charlotta de Jonge, Andrea Johanna Bukman, Lonneke van Leeuwen, Simone Arianne Onrust, Marloes Kleinjan
    Substance Use & Misuse.2022; 57(5): 769.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of hookah smoking among Iranian pupils and university students: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
    Hamid Zaheri, Yosra Raziani, Nesa Khademi, Yousef Moradi, Hossein Shahriari, Reza Ghanei‐Gheshlagh
    The Clinical Respiratory Journal.2022; 16(6): 425.     CrossRef
  • Lifestyle behaviors among undergraduate nursing students: A latent class analysis
    Tassia T. S. Macedo, Fernanda C. Mussi, Debra Sheets, Ana C. P. Campos, Ana L. Patrão, Caren L. M. Freitas, Melissa A. S. Paim
    Research in Nursing & Health.2020; 43(5): 520.     CrossRef
Oral symptoms significantly higher among long-term khat (Catha edulis) users in Ethiopia
Ayalew Astatkie, Meaza Demissie, Yemane Berhane, Alemayehu Worku
Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015009.   Published online February 19, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015009
  • 19,437 View
  • 211 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 8 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Associations between khat (Catha edulis) chewing and different adverse oral-dental health conditions have been reported, yet evidence is still lacking. This study was designed to investigate the association between long-term regular khat chewing and self-reported oral symptoms.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 1,255 university students in southern Ethiopia. Data on khat chewing status, a range of oral symptoms and other pertinent variables were collected using self-administered questionnaires. The association between long-term regular khat chewing and oral symptom count was investigated using negative binomial regression.
RESULTS
The mean oral symptom count among long-term regular khat chewers was 1.75 (standard deviation [SD], 2.18; standard error [SE], 0.31), whereas that among those who were not long-term regular khat chewers was 1.18 (SD, 1.68; SE, 0.10). After adjustment for other variables, long-term regular khat chewers had approximately 50% more oral symptoms than those who were not long-term chewers did (adjusted count ratio, 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 2.10).
CONCLUSIONS
Long-term khat chewing negatively affects the oral health of young university students.
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Awareness and practice of oral hygiene and its relation to socio-demographic factors among patients attending general OPD
    Tusneem Haider, Zeeshan Yousaf, Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Saman Fatima
    Pakistan BioMedical Journal.2022; 5(1): 311.     CrossRef
  • Effect of finishing protocols and staining solutions on color stability of dental resin composites
    Chamunorwa Marufu, Bernina K. Kisumbi, Olivia A. Osiro, Fred O. Otieno
    Clinical and Experimental Dental Research.2022; 8(2): 561.     CrossRef
  • Awareness and practice of oral hygiene and its relation to socio-demographic factors among patients attending general OPD
    Tusneem Haider, Zeeshan Yousaf, Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Saman Fatima
    Pakistan BioMedical Journal.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Determinants of dental caries among adolescent patients attending Hospitals in West Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia: A case-control study
    Tsega Tola Guracho, Emiru Merdassa Atomssa, Obsa Amante Megersa, Tadesse Tolossa, Zhaoqiang Zhang
    PLOS ONE.2021; 16(12): e0260427.     CrossRef
  • Social Habits and Other Risk Factors that Cause Tooth Loss: An Associative Study Conducted in Taiz Governorate, Yemen
    Fawzia I Shaabi, Nashwan A Noman, Adel A Aladimi, Baleegh A Alkadasi, Mohammed A Alraawi, Gassan M Al-Iryani, Asaad Khalid
    The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice.2019; 20(4): 428.     CrossRef
  • Khat (Catha edulis) and its oral health effects: An updated review
    Sadeq A. Al‐Maweri, Saman Warnakulasuriya, Abdulaziz Samran
    Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Khat and synthetic cathinones: emerging drugs of abuse with dental implications
    Worku Abebe
    Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Or.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Oral Lesions Induced by Chronic Khat Use Consist Essentially of Thickened Hyperkeratinized Epithelium
    Ochiba Mohammed Lukandu, Lionel Sang Koech, Paul Ngugi Kiarie
    International Journal of Dentistry.2015; 2015: 1.     CrossRef
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