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2 "Gastrointestinal diseases"
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Original Article
The association between the consumption of raw Kudoa septempunctata–infected farmed Paralichthys olivaceus and gastrointestinal symptoms
Jihye An, En-Joo Jung, Soon-Ok Lee, Jong-Hoon Choi, JungHee Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Sung-Hee Hong, Jung-Won Ju, Hyungjun Kim, Kwang-Pil Ko
Epidemiol Health. 2026;48:e2026003.   Published online January 19, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2026003
  • 3,299 View
  • 103 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
<i>Kudoa septempunctata</i> has been identified as the causative agent of food poisoning following the consumption of raw farmed <i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>. However, cohort studies providing robust evidence for an association between <i>K. septempunctata</i> and gastrointestinal symptoms remain limited. This prospective cohort study investigated the association between the consumption of <i>K. septempunctata</i>–infected farmed <i>P. olivaceus</i> and the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms.
METHODS
Individuals who purchased raw farmed <i>P. olivaceus</i> between 2020 and 2021 were selected as the study population. Study data included 2 rounds of questionnaire surveys administered before and after consumption, 2 muscle specimens obtained from each purchased fish, and human biological specimens collected from individuals who developed gastrointestinal symptoms within 24 hours after consumption. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and t-test, and the association between consumption of <i>K. septempunctata</i>–infected farmed <i>P. olivaceus</i> and gastrointestinal symptoms was evaluated using relative risk estimates between exposure groups.
RESULTS
The relative risk of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with exposure to <i>K. septempunctata</i>–infected <i>P. olivaceus</i> ranged from 71.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.0 to 178.6) to 124.5 (95% CI, 43.5 to 355.0) across the 2 case definitions. A strong and statistically significant association was observed between exposure to <i>K. septempunctata</i>–infected <i>P. olivaceus</i> and the development of acute gastrointestinal symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings indicate both an association and a causal relationship between consumption of <i>K. septempunctata</i>–infected farmed <i>P. olivaceus</i> and the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 Kudoa septempunctata에 감염된 광어회 섭취가 위장관 증상과 연관되며, 감염 강도와 섭취량에 따라 증상의 중증도가 증가한다는 전향적 근거를 제시한다. 이러한 결과는 역학적 공백을 보완하며, 감시체계 강화와 예방 중심의 정책 마련의 필요성을 강조한다.
Key Message
This study provides prospective evidence that consumption of raw halibut infected with Kudoa septempunctata is associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, with the severity of symptoms increasing with the intensity of infection and the amount consumed. These results address a gap in epidemiological knowledge and highlight the need for strengthened surveillance systems and prevention-focused policies.
COVID-19: Brief Communication
Trends in gastrointestinal infections before and during non-pharmaceutical interventions in Korea in comparison with the United States
Soyeoun Kim, Jinhyun Kim, Bo Youl Choi, Boyoung Park
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022011.   Published online January 3, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022011
Correction in: Epidemiol Health 2022;44(0):e2022011.E
  • 28,714 View
  • 508 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study examined how trends in the weekly frequencies of gastrointestinal infectious diseases changed before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Korea, and compared them with the trends in the United States.
METHODS
We compared the weekly frequencies of gastrointestinal infectious diseases (16 bacterial and 6 viral diseases) in Korea during weeks 5-52 before and after COVID-19. In addition, the weekly frequencies of 5 gastrointestinal infectious diseases in the United States (data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) that overlapped with those in Korea were compared.
RESULTS
The mean weekly number of total cases of gastrointestinal infectious diseases in Korea showed a significant decrease (from 522 before COVID-19 to 245 after COVID-19, p<0.01). Only bacterial gastrointestinal infectious diseases caused by <i>Campylobacter</i> increased significantly; other bacterial gastrointestinal infectious diseases showed either a decrease or no change. The incidence of all other viral diseases decreased. In the United States, the weekly numbers of <i>Salmonella</i>, <i>Campylobacter</i>, typhoid, shigellosis, and hepatitis A virus cases sharply decreased after the COVID-19 outbreak. The weekly case numbers of all viral diseases markedly decreased in both countries; however, bacterial gastrointestinal infectious diseases showed a different pattern.
CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of gastrointestinal infectious diseases decreased after the COVID-19 outbreak. In contrast, <i>Campylobacter</i> infections showed an increasing trend in Korea, but a decreasing trend in the United States. Further studies are needed to elucidate the different trends in bacterial and viral infectious diseases before and after non-pharmaceutical interventions and between different countries.
Summary
Korean summary
한국과 미국 모두 코로나-19 발생 이후 위장관 감염 질환의 발생은 감소하고 있습니다. 하지만, 미국과 달리 한국에서는 캄필로박터 감염은 증가 하고 있습니다. 이는 COVID-19이 발생한 이후 캄필로박터 감염의 열악한 통제의 가능성을 설명할 수 있습니다.
Key Message
The incidence of gastrointestinal infectious diseases decreased after the COVID-19 outbreak, however, campylobacter infections showed an increasing trend in Korea, unlike the United States, which could explain the poor control of Campylobacter.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The impact of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions on notifiable infectious diseases in Poland: a comprehensive analysis from 2014–2022
    Abdulla Zahi Hourani, Abdelrahman Abdelsalam, Arman David Sürmeli
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Surveillance of genomic diversity and antimicrobial resistance in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in England, 2015–2023
    Delia-Gabriela Grigoruta, Ching-Ying J. Poh, Ella V. Rodwell, Adam Crewdson, Satheesh Nair, Claire Jenkins
    Journal of Medical Microbiology .2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Trends for Syndromic Surveillance of Norovirus in Emergency Department Data Based on Chief Complaints
    Soyeoun Kim, Sohee Kim, Bo Youl Choi, Boyoung Park
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases.2024; 230(1): 103.     CrossRef
  • Trends in Nationally Notifiable Infectious Diseases in Humans and Animals during COVID-19 Pandemic, South Korea
    Taehee Chang, Sung-il Cho, Dae sung Yoo, Kyung-Duk Min
    Emerging Infectious Diseases.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic on pathogens transmitted via food in the Netherlands
    Roan Pijnacker, Lapo Mughini-Gras, Linda Verhoef, Maaike van den Beld, Eelco Franz, Ingrid Friesema
    Epidemiology and Infection.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the circulation of other pathogens in England
    Lauren J. Hayes, Hannah Uri, Denisa Bojkova, Jindrich Cinatl, Mark N. Wass, Martin Michaelis
    Journal of Medical Virology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic response on GI infection surveillance trends in England, January 2020–April 2022
    Nicola K. Love, Amy Douglas, Saheer Gharbia, Helen Hughes, Roger Morbey, Isabel Oliver, Gillian E. Smith, Alex J. Elliot
    Epidemiology and Infection.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Trends in Gastrointestinal Infections during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Concerns of Post-Pandemic Resurgence in Japan
    Takuma Higurashi, Shigeki Tamura, Noboru Misawa, Nobuyuki Horita
    Diseases.2023; 12(1): 4.     CrossRef
  • Characteristics and related factors of waterborne and foodborne infectious disease outbreaks before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (2017–2021) in the Republic of Korea: a descriptive study
    Eunkyoung Kim, Bryan Inho Kim
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(6): 483.     CrossRef
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