Figure 1Typical shape of earlobe crease.
Table 1Baseline characteristics depending on MS (modified NCEP ATP III criteria)
|
MS (+) (n = 423) |
MS (-) (n = 3,412) |
Total (n = 3,835) |
p-value |
Earlobe crease (yes) |
205 (48.46) |
596 (17.47) |
801 (20.89) |
< 0.001 |
Age (yr) |
53.28±10.99 |
47.86±11.53 |
48.46±11.60 |
< 0.001 |
Male gender |
278 (65.96) |
1884 (55.22) |
2163 (56.3) |
< 0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) |
26.83 ±3.03 |
23.42 ±2.91 |
23.80±3.11 |
< 0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) |
90.54 ±7.64 |
79.52±8.59 |
80.73 ±9.17 |
< 0.001 |
Current smoker (yes) |
205 (48.46) |
1304 (38.22) |
1509 (39.35) |
< 0.001 |
Smoking status (pack year) |
12.35 ± 16.22 |
8.36±12.95 |
8.80±13.41 |
< 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) |
128.56±13.47 |
115.78 ± 13.07 |
117.19+ 13.71 |
< 0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) |
83.76 ±9.65 |
74.18±10.47 |
75.23±10.80 |
< 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) |
203.78 ±38.37 |
196.25±34.53 |
197.08± 35.05 |
< 0.001 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) |
222.09±85.89 |
125.41 ±67.04 |
136.08±75.69 |
< 0.001 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) |
43.60±9.96 |
56.73±13.08 |
55.29±13.42 |
< 0.001 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) |
122.49 ± 30.86 |
118.74±29.29 |
119.15±29.49 |
0.014 |
|
|
|
|
< 0.05 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) |
103.35±28.12 |
91.11 ±16.82 |
92.46±18.80 |
< 0.001 |
Uric acid (mg/dL) |
5.52±1.37 |
4.94±1.44 |
5.00±1.44 |
< 0.001 |
Antihypertensive drug use (yes) |
144 (34.04) |
295 (8.65) |
439 (11.45) |
< 0.001 |
Antihyperglycaemic drug use (yes) |
60 (14.18) |
65 (1.91) |
125 (3.26) |
< 0.001 |
Antilipidaemic drug use (yes) |
50 (11.82) |
67 (1.96) |
117 (3.05) |
< 0.001 |
Family history of premature CAD (yes) |
33 (7.80) |
262 (7.68) |
295 (7.69) |
0.929 |
Table 2The prevalence of metabolic syndrome depends on age
Age (yr) |
NCEP ATP III (%) |
IDF (%) |
20-29 |
1.73 |
1.73 |
30-39 |
6.5 |
6.35 |
40-49 |
9.82 |
9.91 |
50-59 |
11.53 |
10.36 |
60-69 |
17.69 |
12.96 |
70-79 |
20.47 |
17.32 |
Total |
10.71 |
9.59 |
Table 3The prevalence of ELC depends on age
Age (yr) |
Male (%) |
Female (%) |
20-29 |
9.71 |
4.69 |
30-39 |
13.81 |
4.26 |
40-49 |
22.13 |
9.52 |
50-59 |
31.65 |
16.84 |
60-69 |
42.76 |
27.12 |
70-79 |
44.12 |
37.29 |
Total |
26.49 |
13.64 |
Table 4The modified FRS category depending on the presence of ELC in male and female subjects
FRS category (%) |
ELC (+) |
ELC (-) |
Total |
p-value |
Male |
|
|
|
|
Low (< 10) |
199 (36.85) |
972 (59.71) |
1,171 (54.01) |
<0.001* |
Intermediate (10-19) |
250 (36.30) |
520 (31.94) |
770 (35.52) |
|
High (≥20) |
91 (16.85) |
136 (8.35) |
227 (10.47) |
|
Female |
|
|
|
|
Low (< 10) |
209 (96.31) |
1,442 (99.38) |
1,651 (98.98) |
<0.001†
|
Intermediate (10-19) |
7 (3.23) |
9 (0.62) |
16 (0.96) |
|
High (≥20) |
0 (H^^H |
1 (0.46) |
1 (0.06) |
|
Table 5Independent association between ELC and MS after adjustment.
|
MS (NCEP ATP III)
|
MS (IDF)
|
Male |
Female |
Male |
Female |
Unadjusted |
1.93 (1.68-2.22) |
2.58 (2.12-3.13) |
2.27 (1.98-2.62) |
3.41 (2.74-4.26) |
Model 1 |
1.88 (1.62-2.17) |
2.05 (1.67-2.52) |
2.27 (1.97-2.63) |
2.85 (2.26-3.59) |
Model 2 |
1.23 (1.01-1.50) |
1.95 (1.38-2.78) |
1.37 (1.13-1.66) |
2.22 (1.60-3.08) |
Model 3 |
1.81 (1.53-2.15) |
2.42 (1.83-3.19) |
2.17 (1.85-2.54) |
2.97 (2.29-3.86) |