Table 1Group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization rate by demographic characteristics of pregnant women (35-37 weeks) in Korea (2006-2008)
|
Subjects (n) |
GBS positives (%) |
p-value* |
Hospital |
|
|
< 0.001 |
Daejeon Eulji |
326 |
4.9 |
|
Seoul Eulji |
298 |
5.7 |
|
Motae |
673 |
6.2 |
|
Cheil |
1,347 |
10.7 |
|
Age (yr) |
|
|
0.070 |
< 25 |
93 |
14.0 |
|
25-29 |
848 |
6.7 |
|
30-34 |
1,236 |
8.5 |
|
35+ |
390 |
9.0 |
|
Missing |
77 |
11.7 |
|
BMI before pregnant (kg/m2) |
|
|
0.868 |
< 20 |
1,042 |
8.2 |
|
20-24 |
1,291 |
8.2 |
|
25+ |
223 |
7.2 |
|
Missing |
88 |
13.6 |
|
Health status during pregnancy |
|
|
0.837 |
Healthy |
1,743 |
8.4 |
|
Moderate |
725 |
7.9 |
|
Not good |
118 |
9.3 |
|
Missing |
58 |
8.6 |
|
Smoking during pregnancy |
|
|
0.638 |
Never |
1,956 |
8.3 |
|
Secondhand |
647 |
8.3 |
|
Yes |
5 |
20.0 |
|
Missing |
36 |
5.6 |
|
Alcohol during pregnancy |
|
|
0.681 |
Never |
2,297 |
8.4 |
|
Yes |
311 |
7.7 |
|
Missing |
36 |
5.6 |
|
Education |
|
|
0.034†
|
High school or less |
666 |
6.8 |
|
College |
565 |
7.3 |
|
University or more |
1,326 |
9.4 |
|
Missing |
87 |
10.3 |
|
Household monthly income (US$) |
|
0.186 |
<3,000 |
1,189 |
7.5 |
|
3,000-3,999 |
375 |
9.3 |
|
4,000-4,999 |
303 |
11.2 |
|
5,000+ |
263 |
8.4 |
|
Missing |
514 |
7.6 |
|
Total |
2,644 |
8.3 |
|
Table 2Group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization rate by obstetric characteristics of pregnant women (35-37 weeks) in Korea (2006-2008)
|
Subjects (n) |
GBS positives (%) |
p-value* |
No. of living baby |
|
|
0.045 |
0 |
1,724 |
8.8 |
|
1+ |
870 |
6.6 |
|
Missing |
50 |
20.0 |
|
No. of abortion (s) |
|
|
0.034 |
0 |
1,243 |
9.1 |
|
1 |
453 |
10.2 |
|
2+ |
229 |
4.4 |
|
Missing |
719 |
7.0 |
|
Gravidity |
|
|
0.009†
|
1 |
853 |
10.4 |
|
2-3 |
891 |
8.0 |
|
4+ |
181 |
5.0 |
|
Missing |
719 |
7.0 |
|
Antibiotics 2 weeks before test |
|
0.567‡
|
No |
2,573 |
8.3 |
|
Yes |
35 |
8.6 |
|
Missing |
36 |
5.6 |
|
No. of prenatal vaginal exam (s) |
|
0.407 |
0 |
193 |
9.8 |
|
1-2 |
804 |
7.0 |
|
3-4 |
126 |
7.9 |
|
5+ |
84 |
10.7 |
|
Missing |
1,437 |
8.7 |
|
No. of prenatal vaginal sonogram (s) |
|
0.210 |
0 |
45 |
6.7 |
|
1-2 |
662 |
8.8 |
|
3-4 |
441 |
5.7 |
|
5+ |
223 |
9.4 |
|
Missing |
1,273 |
8.8 |
|
Delivery type |
|
|
0.358 |
Vaginal |
1,896 |
7.9 |
|
Cesarean section |
679 |
9.0 |
|
Missing |
69 |
13.0 |
|
Premature rupture of membrane (PROM) |
|
0.139 |
No |
2,057 |
7.8 |
|
Yes |
511 |
9.8 |
|
Missing |
76 |
11.8 |
|
Duration of PROM |
|
|
0.079 |
<18 hours |
308 |
7.5 |
|
18 hours + |
134 |
12.7 |
|
Missing |
69 |
14.5 |
|
Table 3Group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization rate (%) by symptoms during last two weeks and diseases in pregnant women (35-37 weeks) in Korea (2006-2008)
|
Yes
|
No
|
Missing
|
p-value* |
n |
GBS (%) |
n |
GBS (%) |
n |
GBS (%) |
Symptoms |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Influenza-like illness |
560 |
8.6 |
2,048 |
8.3 |
36 |
5.6 |
0.808 |
Fever |
20 |
5.0 |
2,588 |
8.3 |
36 |
5.6 |
0.589 |
Sore throat |
312 |
7.7 |
2,296 |
8.4 |
36 |
5.6 |
0.668 |
Vomiting |
103 |
8.7 |
2,505 |
8.3 |
36 |
5.6 |
0.876 |
Diarrhea |
278 |
10.4 |
2,330 |
8.1 |
36 |
5.6 |
0.178 |
Complications during pregnancy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hypertension |
34 |
2.9 |
2,555 |
8.2 |
55 |
14.5 |
0.264 |
Diabetes |
70 |
8.6 |
2,519 |
8.1 |
55 |
14.5 |
0.896 |
Urinary tract infection |
15 |
40.0 |
2,574 |
8.0 |
55 |
14.5 |
< 0.001 |
Myoma |
49 |
8.2 |
2,540 |
8.1 |
55 |
14.5 |
0.997 |
Oligohydramnios |
138 |
8.7 |
2,451 |
8.1 |
55 |
14.5 |
0.810 |
Polyhydramnios |
5 |
0.0 |
2,584 |
8.2 |
55 |
14.5 |
0.356 |
Diseases in lifetime |
Cystitis |
285 |
6.7 |
2,323 |
8.5 |
36 |
5.6 |
0.470 |
Nephritis |
118 |
6.8 |
2,490 |
8.4 |
36 |
5.6 |
0.689 |
Vaginitis |
417 |
10.1 |
2,191 |
8.0 |
36 |
5.6 |
0.307 |
Herpes infection |
34 |
14.7 |
2,574 |
8.2 |
36 |
5.6 |
0.332 |
Diabetes |
85 |
9.4 |
2,523 |
8.3 |
36 |
5.6 |
0.711 |
Hypertension |
25 |
16.0 |
2,583 |
8.2 |
36 |
5.6 |
0.162 |
Tuberculosis |
78 |
11.5 |
2,530 |
8.2 |
36 |
5.6 |
0.296 |
Viral hepatitis |
90 |
5.6 |
2,518 |
8.4 |
36 |
5.6 |
0.334 |
Gonorrhea |
8 |
0.0 |
2,600 |
8.3 |
36 |
5.6 |
0.393 |
Table 4Group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization rate by frequency of food intake during last two weeks in pregnant women (35-37 weeks) in Korea (2006-2008)
|
0-1
|
2-5
|
6+
|
p-value* |
n |
GBS (%) |
n |
GBS (%) |
n |
GBS (%) |
Fruits |
44 |
4.5 |
728 |
8.1 |
1,812 |
8.5 |
0.624 |
Vegetables |
175 |
7.4 |
1,320 |
7.7 |
1,029 |
9.4 |
0.301 |
Milk |
300 |
7.7 |
881 |
6.7 |
1,379 |
9.6 |
0.043 |
Egg |
415 |
9.2 |
1,449 |
7.9 |
677 |
8.9 |
0.598 |
Chicken |
1,398 |
8.9 |
1,050 |
7.7 |
64 |
7.8 |
0.548 |
Beef |
1,134 |
8.1 |
1,265 |
8.1 |
124 |
11.3 |
0.460 |
Pork |
732 |
7.2 |
1,660 |
8.9 |
144 |
7.6 |
0.374 |
Raw fish |
2,237 |
8.4 |
223 |
8.1 |
10 |
0.0 |
0.620 |
Cooked fish |
952 |
8.3 |
1,402 |
8.3 |
183 |
9.8 |
0.766 |
Table 5Risk of Group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization in pregnant women (35-37 weeks) in Korea (2006-2008) by using a multiple logistic regression model (n=1,907)
Variables of regression model |
GBS positives n (%) |
GBS negatives n (%) |
Unadjusted OR |
Adjusted OR |
95% CI |
p-value |
Hospital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Daejeon Eulji |
16 (5.2) |
291 (94.8) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
|
Seoul Eulji |
16 (5.6) |
268 (94.4) |
1.09 |
1.02 |
0.50-2.09 |
0.960 |
Cheil |
137 (10.4) |
1,179 (89.6) |
2.11 |
2.05 |
1.20-3.52 |
0.009 |
Age (yr) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
< 25 |
9 (18.4) |
40 (81.6) |
2.09 |
1.83 |
0.77-4.03 |
0.181 |
25-29 |
41 (7.4) |
514 (92.6) |
0.74 |
0.58 |
0.35-0.94 |
0.028 |
30-34 |
86 (8.9) |
878 (91.1) |
0.91 |
0.76 |
0.49-1.17 |
0.208 |
35+ |
33 (9.7) |
306 (90.3) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
|
Gravidity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4+ |
9 (5.0) |
172 (95.0) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
|
2-3 |
71 (8.0) |
817 (92.0) |
1.66 |
1.62 |
0.79-3.35 |
0.192 |
1 |
89 (10.6) |
749 (89.4) |
2.27 |
2.32 |
1.12-4.81 |
0.023 |
Vaginitis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
No |
139 (8.5) |
1,496 (91.5) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
|
Yes |
30 (11.8) |
224 (88.2) |
1.55 |
1.50 |
0.98-2.29 |
0.063 |
Cystitis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
No |
156 (9.3) |
1,521 (90.7) |
1.35 |
1.76 |
0.97-3.18 |
0.062 |
Yes |
13 (6.1) |
199 (93.9) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
|