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1Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
2Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
©2018, Korean Society of Epidemiology
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Variables | Exposed | Non-exposed | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 37.41±12.82 | 40.42±10.53 | 0.071 |
Work experience (yr) | 13.60±9.91 | 16.09±9.53 | 0.071 |
Height (cm) | 172.98±7.33 | 173.60±7.47 | 0.551 |
Weight (kg) | 72.52±13.00 | 75.50±10.23 | 0.071 |
Duration of smoking (yr) | 7.93±9.12 | 7.25±12.56 | 0.661 |
No. of cigarettes smoked per day | 5.89±9.02 | 5.77±8.68 | 0.921 |
Smokers (%) | 41.0 | 38.0 | 0.662 |
Marital status (n) | 0.742 | ||
Single | 23 | 26 | |
Married | 77 | 74 | |
Educational level (n) | <0.0012 | ||
High school diploma | 95 | 64 | |
Higher than high school diploma | 5 | 36 | |
Concentration of respirable dust (mg/m3) | 6.76±1.71 | - | - |
Concentration of inhalable dust (mg/m3) | 2.44±0.66 | - | - |
Bacterial concentration (CFU/m3) | 756.38±285.55 | - | - |
Fungal concentration (CFU/m3) | 299.15±239.15 | - | - |
Symptoms | Exposed (%) | Non-ex- posed (%) | Odds ratio | p-value1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wheezing | 37 | 11 | 4.80 | <0.001 |
Chest tightness | 27 | 13 | 2.47 | 0.01 |
Cough | 28 | 3 | 12.57 | <0.001 |
Chronic cough | 15 | 6 | 2.76 | 0.04 |
Phlegm | 24 | 6 | 4.94 | <0.001 |
Chronic phlegm | 14 | 8 | 2.02 | 0.17 |
Dyspnea | 74 | 38 | 4.64 | <0.001 |
Variables | Non-exposed (n=100) |
Exposed (n=100) |
p-value |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-shift | Post-shift | Pre-shift vs. post-shift1 | Pre-shift vs. reference2 | Post-shift vs. reference2 | ||
VC | 90.00±12.16 | 81.36±12.71 | 75.31±13.13 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
FVC | 92.98±11.43 | 86.40±15.24 | 83.13±17.82 | 0.03 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
FEV1 | 94.50±11.63 | 88.34±15.14 | 84.89±14.07 | 0.008 | 0.002 | <0.001 |
FEV1/FVC | 83.45±6.82 | 85.46±8.05 | 85.67±9.71 | 0.83 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
FEV1/VC | 84.34±14.24 | 86.90±14.50 | 89.77±16.29 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.006 |
PEF | 85.56±20.75 | 78.73±19.07 | 76.23±16.68 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.001 |
Variables | Exposed (n=41) | Non-exposed (n=38) | p-value1 |
---|---|---|---|
VC | 74.58±12.48 | 90.76±14.69 | <0.001 |
FVC | 86.97±16.92 | 94.10±11.35 | 0.03 |
FEV1 | 86.31±14.37 | 94.55±13.68 | 0.01 |
FEV1/FVC | 83.82±10.76 | 82.06±8.39 | 0.42 |
FEV1/VC | 91.82±17.49 | 84.78±19.77 | 0.10 |
PEF | 76.46±15.98 | 85.76±20.76 | 0.03 |
Variables | OR (95% CI) | p-value1 |
---|---|---|
Wheezing | 4.80 (2.26, 10.21) | <0.001 |
Chest tightness | 2.52 (1.19, 5.36) | 0.02 |
Cough | 12.06 (3.47, 41.93) | <0.001 |
Chronic cough | 2.74 (1.00, 7.46) | 0.05 |
Phlegm | 4.20 (1.57, 11.25) | 0.004 |
Chronic phlegm | 1.59 (2.39, 8.11) | 0.34 |
Dyspnea | 4.40 (2.39, 8.11) | <0.001 |
Variables | β (95% CI) | p-value1 |
---|---|---|
VC | -14.69 (-18.22, -11.16) | <0.001 |
FVC | -10.38 (-14.67, -6.09) | <0.001 |
FEV1 | -10.55 (-14.28, -6.81) | <0.001 |
FEV1/FVC | -0.14 (-0.24, -0.04) | 0.004 |
FEV1/VC | 5.53 (1.25, 9.80) | 0.01 |
PEF | -8.50 (-13.73, -3.27) | <0.001 |
Variables | Exposed | Non-exposed | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 37.41±12.82 | 40.42±10.53 | 0.07 |
Work experience (yr) | 13.60±9.91 | 16.09±9.53 | 0.07 |
Height (cm) | 172.98±7.33 | 173.60±7.47 | 0.55 |
Weight (kg) | 72.52±13.00 | 75.50±10.23 | 0.07 |
Duration of smoking (yr) | 7.93±9.12 | 7.25±12.56 | 0.66 |
No. of cigarettes smoked per day | 5.89±9.02 | 5.77±8.68 | 0.92 |
Smokers (%) | 41.0 | 38.0 | 0.66 |
Marital status (n) | 0.74 |
||
Single | 23 | 26 | |
Married | 77 | 74 | |
Educational level (n) | <0.001 |
||
High school diploma | 95 | 64 | |
Higher than high school diploma | 5 | 36 | |
Concentration of respirable dust (mg/m3) | 6.76±1.71 | - | - |
Concentration of inhalable dust (mg/m3) | 2.44±0.66 | - | - |
Bacterial concentration (CFU/m3) | 756.38±285.55 | - | - |
Fungal concentration (CFU/m3) | 299.15±239.15 | - | - |
Symptoms | Exposed (%) | Non-ex- posed (%) | Odds ratio | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wheezing | 37 | 11 | 4.80 | <0.001 |
Chest tightness | 27 | 13 | 2.47 | 0.01 |
Cough | 28 | 3 | 12.57 | <0.001 |
Chronic cough | 15 | 6 | 2.76 | 0.04 |
Phlegm | 24 | 6 | 4.94 | <0.001 |
Chronic phlegm | 14 | 8 | 2.02 | 0.17 |
Dyspnea | 74 | 38 | 4.64 | <0.001 |
Variables | Non-exposed (n=100) | Exposed (n=100) |
p-value |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-shift | Post-shift | Pre-shift vs. post-shift |
Pre-shift vs. reference |
Post-shift vs. reference |
||
VC | 90.00±12.16 | 81.36±12.71 | 75.31±13.13 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
FVC | 92.98±11.43 | 86.40±15.24 | 83.13±17.82 | 0.03 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
FEV1 | 94.50±11.63 | 88.34±15.14 | 84.89±14.07 | 0.008 | 0.002 | <0.001 |
FEV1/FVC | 83.45±6.82 | 85.46±8.05 | 85.67±9.71 | 0.83 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
FEV1/VC | 84.34±14.24 | 86.90±14.50 | 89.77±16.29 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.006 |
PEF | 85.56±20.75 | 78.73±19.07 | 76.23±16.68 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.001 |
Variables | Exposed (n=41) | Non-exposed (n=38) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
VC | 74.58±12.48 | 90.76±14.69 | <0.001 |
FVC | 86.97±16.92 | 94.10±11.35 | 0.03 |
FEV1 | 86.31±14.37 | 94.55±13.68 | 0.01 |
FEV1/FVC | 83.82±10.76 | 82.06±8.39 | 0.42 |
FEV1/VC | 91.82±17.49 | 84.78±19.77 | 0.10 |
PEF | 76.46±15.98 | 85.76±20.76 | 0.03 |
Variables | OR (95% CI) | p-value |
---|---|---|
Wheezing | 4.80 (2.26, 10.21) | <0.001 |
Chest tightness | 2.52 (1.19, 5.36) | 0.02 |
Cough | 12.06 (3.47, 41.93) | <0.001 |
Chronic cough | 2.74 (1.00, 7.46) | 0.05 |
Phlegm | 4.20 (1.57, 11.25) | 0.004 |
Chronic phlegm | 1.59 (2.39, 8.11) | 0.34 |
Dyspnea | 4.40 (2.39, 8.11) | <0.001 |
Variables | β (95% CI) | p-value |
---|---|---|
VC | -14.69 (-18.22, -11.16) | <0.001 |
FVC | -10.38 (-14.67, -6.09) | <0.001 |
FEV1 | -10.55 (-14.28, -6.81) | <0.001 |
FEV1/FVC | -0.14 (-0.24, -0.04) | 0.004 |
FEV1/VC | 5.53 (1.25, 9.80) | 0.01 |
PEF | -8.50 (-13.73, -3.27) | <0.001 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation. CFU, colony-forming unit. t-test. Chi-square or Fisher exact test.
Chi-square or Fisher exact test.
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation. VC, vital capacity; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second; PEF, peak expiratory flow. Paired t-test. Independent sample t-test.
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation. VC, vital capacity; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second; PEF, peak expiratory flow. Independent sample t-test.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. Logistic regression.
CI, confidence interval; VC, vital capacity; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second; PEF, peak expiratory flow. Multiple linear regression analysis.