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1Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
2School of Management and Medical Informatics, Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
3Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
4Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
©2017, Korean Society of Epidemiology
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Utilization | Period |
2013 |
2015 |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SE | Mean | SE | ||
Outpatient | Monthly | 2.06 | 0.04 | 2.08 | 0.04 |
Inpatient | Yearly | 0.27 | 0.02 | 0.28 | 0.02 |
Drug services | Monthly | 0.83 | 0.01 | 0.86 | 0.01 |
Observations | Frequency | Prevalence(%) | SD | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before the reform | 1217 | 70 | 5.75 | 0.23 | |
After the reform | 1,205 | 46 | 3.82 | 0.19 | |
Adjusted difference | - | - | -2.39 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
Explaining Socioeconomic Inequality Differences in Catastrophic Health Expenditure Between Urban and Rural Areas of Iran After Health Transformation Plan Implementation
OOP | Period | 2013 |
2015 |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SE | Mean | SE | ||
Overall | Monthly | 40.55 | 81.32 | 57.92 | 89.33 |
Outpatient | Monthly | 31.34 | 49.12 | 48.84 | 76.84 |
Inpatient | Yearly | 704.26 | 127.18 | 619.16 | 70.14 |
Drug services | Monthly | 13.07 | 0.74 | 18.14 | 0.83 |
Utilization | Period | 2013 |
2015 |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SE | Mean | SE | ||
Outpatient | Monthly | 2.06 | 0.04 | 2.08 | 0.04 |
Inpatient | Yearly | 0.27 | 0.02 | 0.28 | 0.02 |
Drug services | Monthly | 0.83 | 0.01 | 0.86 | 0.01 |
Variable | Coefficient | SE | p-value | 95% LLCI | 95% HLCI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OOP | |||||
Overall | 10.59 | 3.65 | 0.004 | 3.42 | 17.75 |
Outpatient | 10.94 | 2.64 | <0.001 | 5.77 | 16.11 |
Inpatient | -4.12 | 28.13 | 0.88 | -59.26 | 51.02 |
Drug services | 1.47 | 1.26 | 0.24 | -1.00 | 3.93 |
Utilization | |||||
Outpatient | -0.04 | 0.07 | 0.51 | -0.04 | 0.07 |
Inpatient | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.60 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
Drug services | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.28 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Observations | Frequency | Prevalence(%) | SD | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before the reform | 1217 | 70 | 5.75 | 0.23 | |
After the reform | 1,205 | 46 | 3.82 | 0.19 | |
Adjusted difference | - | - | -2.39 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
Variable | Before the reform |
After the reform |
Comparison |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CI | SE | CI | SE | Difference | p-value | |
OOP | ||||||
Overall | 0.43 | 0.05 | 0.41 | 0.04 | -0.02 | 0.69 |
Outpatient | 0.35 | 0.04 | 0.39 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.46 |
Inpatient | 0.69 | 0.18 | 0.50 | 0.10 | -0.19 | 0.35 |
Drug services | 0.26 | 0.04 | 0.26 | 0.03 | -0.00 | 0.96 |
Utilization | ||||||
Outpatient | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.40 |
Inpatient | 0.32 | 0.05 | 0.25 | 0.04 | -0.07 | 0.25 |
Drug services | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.25 |
Variable | Overall |
Inequity |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Results | Significant | Results | Significant | |
OOP | ||||
Overall | Against | Yes | Against | No |
Outpatient | Against | Yes | In agreement | No |
Inpatient | In agreement | No | Against | No |
Drug services | Against | No | Against | No |
Utilization | ||||
Outpatient | Against | No | Against | No |
Inpatient | In agreement | No | In agreement | No |
Drug services | In agreement | No | Against | No |
CHE | In agreement | Yes | - | - |
Unit: dollars. OOP, out-of-pocket; SE, standard error.
SE, standard error.
OOP, out-of-pocket; SE, standard error; LLCI, lowest-likelihood confidence interval; HLCI, highest-likelihood confidence interval.
SD, standard deviation.
OOP, out-of-pocket; CI, concentration index; SE, standard error.
OOP, out-of-pocket; CHE, catastrophic health expenditures.