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In order to examine the effect of an anti - smoking education method on smoking, a untreated control group design with pretest and posttest study were conducted with self - completing questionnaire in 1990 and 1991. A total of 247 male students from one high school in Wonju made the experimental group and another 236 students made the comparison group in this study. Anti - smoking education, with a forty - minute demonstration about danger of smoking and a twenty - minute - long video tape education, was given to the experiment group. The results were as follows : 1. The smoking prevalence of the experiment group and the comparision group were 11.5% and 14.5% respectively at baseline. Smoking prevalence of the experiment group increased to 16.0% and that of comparison group increased to 16.4% respectively after one year interval of antismoking education to the experiment group. 2. The baseline smoking knowlege score of experiment group was 29.7 and that of comparison group was 31.9. Those scores collected after one year interval ware 31.9 and 33.2 respectively. 3. The odds ratios for smoking estimated from a unconditional logistic regression analysis were 4.8 (p<0.01) for students with a smoking friends as the best friend, 1.02 (p<0.05) for one score increase in knowledge of smoking health hazard and 0.8 (p<0.05) for anti - smoking education. This study implicates it is unlikely that a common anti - smoking programme would be effective for male high school students. To devlelop effective measures for preventing high school boys’ smoking it is highly recommended to carry out further researches in details of anti - smoking education.