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1Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
2Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
3Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
4Department of Education and Human Resource Development, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
5Public Health Care Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
6Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
7Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
© 2024, Korean Society of Epidemiology
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare for this study.
FUNDING
None.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Conceptualization: Lee H, Nam H, Jung H, Lee JY. Data curation: Lee H, Lee JY. Formal analysis: Lee JR. Funding acquisition: None. Methodology: Lee H, Lee JY, Lee JR. Project administration: Lee H, Lee JY. Visualization: Lee JR. Writing – original draft: Nam H, Lee H. Writing – review & editing: Nam H, Lee H, Lee JR, Jung H, Lee JY.
Variables |
Total |
Stage 1 |
Stage 2 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 4 |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n2 | No. per 100,000 | n2 | No. per 100,000 | n2 | No. per 100,000 | n2 | No. per 100,000 | n2 | No. per 100,000 | |
Incidence | 21,105,865 | 40,601 | 96,889 | 186 | 236,870 | 459 | 12,577,367 | 24,457 | 8,979,635 | 17,529 |
Severity of infection | ||||||||||
Ambulatory state | 20,011,285 | 38,495 | 18,795 | 36 | 20,807 | 40 | 12,052,216 | 23,436 | 8,684,297 | 16,952 |
Hospitalized mild disease | 1,054,809 | 2,029 | 75,041 | 144 | 210,886 | 408 | 504,104 | 980 | 284,608 | 556 |
Hospitalized severe disease | 39,771 | 77 | 3,053 | 6 | 5,177 | 10 | 21,047 | 41 | 10,730 | 21 |
Mortality | 54,638 | 105 | 1,744 | 3 | 1,405 | 3 | 33,404 | 65 | 18,085 | 35 |
Case-fatality | 54,638 | 259 | 1,744 | 1,800 | 1,405 | 593 | 33,404 | 266 | 18,085 | 201 |
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.
1 Stage 1 covers January 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021; Stage 2 covers March 1, 2021 to October 31, 2021; Stage 3 covers November 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022; and Stage 4 covers June 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022; Stage 1 represents the period from the first confirmed case to the issuance of a serious-level infection disease crisis alert; Stage 2 corresponds to the time when social distancing and quarantine measures were strengthened and vaccination efforts began; Stage 3 marks the start of a gradual daily recovery; while Stage 4 signifies an attempt to achieve full daily recovery.
2 Signifies a cumulative number for each stage, spanning a total duration of 3 years; The overall period covers 3 years, with stage 1 spanning 14 months, stage 2 covering 8 months, and stages 3 and 4 lasting 7 months each.
Variables |
Total |
Stage 1 |
Stage 2 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 4 |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n2 | No. per 100,000 | p-value | n2 | No. per 100,000 | p-value | n2 | No. per 100,000 | p-value | n2 | No. per 100,000 | p-value | n2 | No. per 100,000 | p-value | |
Incidence | |||||||||||||||
Level of economic status | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
First (highest) | 7,571,375 | 43,655 | 29,987 | 173 | 71,442 | 415 | 4,466,956 | 26,030 | 3,285,025 | 19,217 | |||||
Second | 5,336,097 | 41,190 | 23,031 | 178 | 60,602 | 470 | 3,215,248 | 25,021 | 2,237,648 | 17,463 | |||||
Third | 4,021,754 | 38,936 | 19,946 | 193 | 52,146 | 508 | 2,385,813 | 23,294 | 1,708,733 | 16,733 | |||||
Fourth | 3,689,668 | 37,387 | 19,050 | 193 | 46,332 | 473 | 2,211,328 | 22,651 | 1,547,483 | 15,913 | |||||
Medical Aid (lowest) | 486,971 | 32,737 | 4,875 | 328 | 6,348 | 441 | 298,022 | 21,126 | 200,746 | 14,508 | |||||
Disability | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
No | 20,189,078 | 40,958 | 89,482 | 182 | 227,463 | 464 | 12,027,375 | 24,604 | 8,594,790 | 17,635 | |||||
Yes | 916,787 | 34,063 | 7,407 | 275 | 9,407 | 362 | 549,992 | 21,622 | 384,845 | 15,458 | |||||
Hospitalization | |||||||||||||||
Level of economic status | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
First (highest) | 357,131 | 2,059 | 24,600 | 142 | 65,798 | 382 | 171,318 | 998 | 101,613 | 594 | |||||
Second | 250,656 | 1,935 | 18,201 | 140 | 54,995 | 427 | 115,632 | 900 | 65,611 | 512 | |||||
Third | 200,327 | 1,939 | 15,854 | 153 | 47,287 | 460 | 90,649 | 885 | 49,433 | 484 | |||||
Fourth | 202,221 | 2,049 | 15,413 | 156 | 42,365 | 432 | 96,374 | 987 | 51,812 | 533 | |||||
Medical Aid (lowest) | 84,245 | 5,663 | 4,026 | 271 | 5,618 | 391 | 51,178 | 3,628 | 26,869 | 1,942 | |||||
Disability | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
No | 942,803 | 1,913 | 72,137 | 146 | 207,687 | 424 | 435,089 | 890 | 241,507 | 496 | |||||
Yes | 151,777 | 5,639 | 5,957 | 221 | 8,376 | 322 | 90,062 | 3,541 | 53,831 | 2,162 | |||||
Hospitalized with severe disease | |||||||||||||||
Level of economic status | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
First (highest) | 14,139 | 82 | 1,125 | 6 | 1,758 | 10 | 7,307 | 43 | 4,031 | 24 | |||||
Second | 7,989 | 62 | 591 | 5 | 1,144 | 9 | 4,189 | 33 | 2,125 | 17 | |||||
Third | 6,322 | 61 | 480 | 5 | 1,010 | 10 | 3,299 | 32 | 1,565 | 15 | |||||
Fourth | 6,893 | 70 | 543 | 6 | 927 | 9 | 3,705 | 38 | 1,759 | 18 | |||||
Medical Aid (lowest) | 4,428 | 298 | 314 | 21 | 338 | 24 | 2,547 | 181 | 1,250 | 90 | |||||
Disability | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
No | 28,718 | 58 | 2,398 | 5 | 4,465 | 9 | 14,762 | 30 | 7,268 | 15 | |||||
Yes | 11,053 | 411 | 655 | 24 | 712 | 27 | 6,285 | 247 | 3,462 | 139 | |||||
Mortality | |||||||||||||||
Level of economic status | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
First (highest) | 19,206 | 111 | 606 | 3 | 494 | 3 | 11,514 | 67 | 6,592 | 39 | |||||
Second | 10,095 | 78 | 310 | 2 | 258 | 2 | 6,117 | 48 | 3,410 | 27 | |||||
Third | 7,865 | 76 | 258 | 2 | 220 | 2 | 4,803 | 47 | 2,584 | 25 | |||||
Fourth | 10,065 | 102 | 308 | 3 | 250 | 3 | 6,244 | 64 | 3,263 | 34 | |||||
Medical Aid (lowest) | 7,407 | 498 | 262 | 18 | 183 | 13 | 4,726 | 335 | 2,236 | 162 | |||||
Disability | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
No | 38,360 | 78 | 1,263 | 3 | 1,058 | 2 | 23,209 | 47 | 12,830 | 26 | |||||
Yes | 16,278 | 605 | 481 | 18 | 347 | 13 | 10,195 | 401 | 5,255 | 211 | |||||
Case-fatality | |||||||||||||||
Level of economic status | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
First (highest) | 19,206 | 254 | 606 | 2,021 | 494 | 691 | 11,514 | 258 | 6,592 | 201 | |||||
Second | 10,095 | 189 | 310 | 1,346 | 258 | 426 | 6,117 | 190 | 3,410 | 152 | |||||
Third | 7,865 | 196 | 258 | 1,293 | 220 | 422 | 4,803 | 201 | 2,584 | 151 | |||||
Fourth | 10,065 | 273 | 308 | 1,617 | 250 | 540 | 6,244 | 282 | 3,263 | 211 | |||||
Medical Aid (lowest) | 7,407 | 1521 | 262 | 5,374 | 183 | 2,883 | 4,726 | 1,586 | 2,236 | 1,114 | |||||
Disability | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
No | 38,360 | 190 | 1,263 | 1,411 | 1,058 | 465 | 23,209 | 193 | 12,830 | 149 | |||||
Yes | 16,278 | 1,776 | 481 | 6,494 | 347 | 3,689 | 10,195 | 1,854 | 5,255 | 1,365 |
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.
1 Stage 1 covers January 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021; Stage 2 covers March 1, 2021 to October 31, 2021; Stage 3 covers November 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022; and Stage 4 covers June 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022; Stage 1 represents the period from the first confirmed case to the issuance of a serious-level infection disease crisis alert; Stage 2 corresponds to the time when social distancing and quarantine measures were strengthened and vaccination efforts began; Stage 3 marks the start of a gradual daily recovery; while Stage 4 signifies an attempt to achieve full daily recovery.
2 Signifies a cumulative number for each stage, spanning a total duration of 3 years; The overall period covers 3 years, with stage 1 spanning 14 months, stage 2 covering 8 months, and stages 3 and 4 lasting 7 months each.
Values are presented as adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval); Multivariable logistic regression included sex, age, economic status, region, Charlson comorbidity index, disability, and vaccination status; Vaccination was not performed during stage 1, so odds ratios for this variable could not be calculated.
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.
1 Stage 1 covers January 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021; Stage 2 covers March 1, 2021 to October 31, 2021; Stage 3 covers November 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022; and Stage 4 covers June 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022; Stage 1 represents the period from the first confirmed case to the issuance of a serious-level infection disease crisis alert; Stage 2 corresponds to the time when social distancing and quarantine measures were strengthened and vaccination efforts began; Stage 3 marks the start of a gradual daily recovery; while Stage 4 signifies an attempt to achieve full daily recovery.
Values are presented as adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval); Multivariable logistic regression included sex, age, level of economic status, region, Charlson comorbidity index, disability, and vaccination status; Vaccination was not performed during stage 1, so odds ratios for this variable could not be calculated.
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.
1 Stage 1 covers January 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021; Stage 2 covers March 1, 2021 to October 31, 2021; Stage 3 covers November 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022; and Stage 4 covers June 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022; Stage 1 represents the period from the first confirmed case to the issuance of a serious-level infection disease crisis alert; Stage 2 corresponds to the time when social distancing and quarantine measures were strengthened and vaccination efforts began; Stage 3 marks the start of a gradual daily recovery; while Stage 4 signifies an attempt to achieve full daily recovery.
Characteristics | Total population | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 | Individuals who were not infected or confirmed to have COVID-19 | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 51,984,158 (100) | 21,105,865 (100) | 30,878,293 (100) | |
Sex | <0.001 | |||
Male | 26,006,437 (50.0) | 9,493,140 (45.0) | 16,513,297 (53.5) | |
Female | 25,977,721 (50.0) | 11,612,725 (55.0) | 14,364,996 (46.5) | |
Age (yr) | <0.001 | |||
<20 | 8,584,915 (16.5) | 4,733,369 (22.4) | 3,851,546 (12.5) | |
20-44 | 17,777,188 (34.2) | 7,536,232 (35.7) | 10,240,956 (33.2) | |
45-64 | 17,058,292 (32.8) | 5,896,422 (27.9) | 11,161,870 (36.2) | |
65-74 | 4,858,646 (9.4) | 1,785,583 (8.5) | 3,073,063 (10.0) | |
≥75 | 3,705,117 (7.1) | 1,154,259 (5.5) | 2,550,858 (8.3) | |
Level of economic status | <0.001 | |||
First (highest) | 17,343,806 (33.4) | 7,571,375 (35.9) | 9,772,431 (31.7) | |
Second | 12,954,991 (24.9) | 5,336,097 (25.3) | 7,618,894 (24.7) | |
Third | 10,329,060 (19.9) | 4,021,754 (19.1) | 6,307,306 (20.4) | |
Fourth | 9,868,764 (19.0) | 3,689,668 (17.5) | 6,179,096 (20.0) | |
Medical Aid (lowest) | 1,487,537 (2.9) | 486,971 (2.3) | 1,000,566 (3.2) | |
Region | <0.001 | |||
Metropolitan area | 36,399,732 (70.0) | 15,022,546 (71.2) | 21,377,186 (69.2) | |
Non-metropolitan area | 15,584,426 (30.0) | 6,083,319 (28.8) | 9,501,107 (30.8) | |
Charlson comorbidity index | <0.001 | |||
0 | 28,715,680 (55.2) | 11,265,937 (53.4) | 17,449,743 (56.5) | |
1-2 | 17,551,382 (33.8) | 7,703,605 (36.5) | 9,847,777 (31.9) | |
≥3 | 5,717,096 (11.0) | 2,136,323 (10.1) | 3,580,773 (11.6) | |
Disability | <0.001 | |||
No | 49,292,720 (94.8) | 20,189,078 (95.7) | 29,103,642 (94.3) | |
Yes | 2,691,438 (5.2) | 916,787 (4.3) | 1,774,651 (5.8) | |
Vaccination | <0.001 | |||
Incomplete | 9,130,293 (17.6) | 3,891,913 (18.4) | 5,238,380 (17.0) | |
Complete | 42,853,865 (82.4) | 17,213,952 (81.6) | 25,639,913 (83.0) | |
Comorbidities | ||||
Hypertension | 9,568,805 (18.4) | 3,361,222 (15.9) | 6,207,583 (20.1) | <0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 5,035,927 (9.7) | 1,806,420 (8.6) | 3,229,507 (10.5) | <0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | 11,604,115 (22.3) | 4,453,247 (21.1) | 7,150,868 (23.2) | <0.001 |
Myocardial infarction | 199,029 (0.4) | 67,698 (0.3) | 131,331 (0.4) | <0.001 |
Stroke | 979,728 (1.9) | 334,650 (1.6) | 645,078 (2.1) | <0.001 |
Cancer | 1,898,331 (3.7) | 742,971 (3.5) | 1,155,360 (3.7) | <0.001 |
Severity of infection | <0.001 | |||
Ambulatory state | 20,011,285 (38.5) | 20,011,285 (94.8) | - | |
Hospitalized mild disease | 1,054,809 (2.0) | 1,054,809 (5.0) | - | |
Hospitalized severe disease | 39,771 (0.1) | 39,771 (0.2) | - | |
Instances of COVID-19 infection | <0.001 | |||
0 | 30,878,293 (59.4) | - | 30,878,293 (100) | |
1 | 20,325,112 (39.1) | 20,325,112 (96.3) | - | |
2 | 776,760 (1.5) | 776,760 (3.7) | - | |
≥3 | 3,993 (0.0) | 3,993 (0.0) | - |
Variables | Total |
Stage 1 |
Stage 2 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 4 |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n |
No. per 100,000 | n |
No. per 100,000 | n |
No. per 100,000 | n |
No. per 100,000 | n |
No. per 100,000 | |
Incidence | 21,105,865 | 40,601 | 96,889 | 186 | 236,870 | 459 | 12,577,367 | 24,457 | 8,979,635 | 17,529 |
Severity of infection | ||||||||||
Ambulatory state | 20,011,285 | 38,495 | 18,795 | 36 | 20,807 | 40 | 12,052,216 | 23,436 | 8,684,297 | 16,952 |
Hospitalized mild disease | 1,054,809 | 2,029 | 75,041 | 144 | 210,886 | 408 | 504,104 | 980 | 284,608 | 556 |
Hospitalized severe disease | 39,771 | 77 | 3,053 | 6 | 5,177 | 10 | 21,047 | 41 | 10,730 | 21 |
Mortality | 54,638 | 105 | 1,744 | 3 | 1,405 | 3 | 33,404 | 65 | 18,085 | 35 |
Case-fatality | 54,638 | 259 | 1,744 | 1,800 | 1,405 | 593 | 33,404 | 266 | 18,085 | 201 |
Variables | Total |
Stage 1 |
Stage 2 |
Stage 3 |
Stage 4 |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n |
No. per 100,000 | p-value | n |
No. per 100,000 | p-value | n |
No. per 100,000 | p-value | n |
No. per 100,000 | p-value | n |
No. per 100,000 | p-value | |
Incidence | |||||||||||||||
Level of economic status | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
First (highest) | 7,571,375 | 43,655 | 29,987 | 173 | 71,442 | 415 | 4,466,956 | 26,030 | 3,285,025 | 19,217 | |||||
Second | 5,336,097 | 41,190 | 23,031 | 178 | 60,602 | 470 | 3,215,248 | 25,021 | 2,237,648 | 17,463 | |||||
Third | 4,021,754 | 38,936 | 19,946 | 193 | 52,146 | 508 | 2,385,813 | 23,294 | 1,708,733 | 16,733 | |||||
Fourth | 3,689,668 | 37,387 | 19,050 | 193 | 46,332 | 473 | 2,211,328 | 22,651 | 1,547,483 | 15,913 | |||||
Medical Aid (lowest) | 486,971 | 32,737 | 4,875 | 328 | 6,348 | 441 | 298,022 | 21,126 | 200,746 | 14,508 | |||||
Disability | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
No | 20,189,078 | 40,958 | 89,482 | 182 | 227,463 | 464 | 12,027,375 | 24,604 | 8,594,790 | 17,635 | |||||
Yes | 916,787 | 34,063 | 7,407 | 275 | 9,407 | 362 | 549,992 | 21,622 | 384,845 | 15,458 | |||||
Hospitalization | |||||||||||||||
Level of economic status | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
First (highest) | 357,131 | 2,059 | 24,600 | 142 | 65,798 | 382 | 171,318 | 998 | 101,613 | 594 | |||||
Second | 250,656 | 1,935 | 18,201 | 140 | 54,995 | 427 | 115,632 | 900 | 65,611 | 512 | |||||
Third | 200,327 | 1,939 | 15,854 | 153 | 47,287 | 460 | 90,649 | 885 | 49,433 | 484 | |||||
Fourth | 202,221 | 2,049 | 15,413 | 156 | 42,365 | 432 | 96,374 | 987 | 51,812 | 533 | |||||
Medical Aid (lowest) | 84,245 | 5,663 | 4,026 | 271 | 5,618 | 391 | 51,178 | 3,628 | 26,869 | 1,942 | |||||
Disability | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
No | 942,803 | 1,913 | 72,137 | 146 | 207,687 | 424 | 435,089 | 890 | 241,507 | 496 | |||||
Yes | 151,777 | 5,639 | 5,957 | 221 | 8,376 | 322 | 90,062 | 3,541 | 53,831 | 2,162 | |||||
Hospitalized with severe disease | |||||||||||||||
Level of economic status | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
First (highest) | 14,139 | 82 | 1,125 | 6 | 1,758 | 10 | 7,307 | 43 | 4,031 | 24 | |||||
Second | 7,989 | 62 | 591 | 5 | 1,144 | 9 | 4,189 | 33 | 2,125 | 17 | |||||
Third | 6,322 | 61 | 480 | 5 | 1,010 | 10 | 3,299 | 32 | 1,565 | 15 | |||||
Fourth | 6,893 | 70 | 543 | 6 | 927 | 9 | 3,705 | 38 | 1,759 | 18 | |||||
Medical Aid (lowest) | 4,428 | 298 | 314 | 21 | 338 | 24 | 2,547 | 181 | 1,250 | 90 | |||||
Disability | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
No | 28,718 | 58 | 2,398 | 5 | 4,465 | 9 | 14,762 | 30 | 7,268 | 15 | |||||
Yes | 11,053 | 411 | 655 | 24 | 712 | 27 | 6,285 | 247 | 3,462 | 139 | |||||
Mortality | |||||||||||||||
Level of economic status | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
First (highest) | 19,206 | 111 | 606 | 3 | 494 | 3 | 11,514 | 67 | 6,592 | 39 | |||||
Second | 10,095 | 78 | 310 | 2 | 258 | 2 | 6,117 | 48 | 3,410 | 27 | |||||
Third | 7,865 | 76 | 258 | 2 | 220 | 2 | 4,803 | 47 | 2,584 | 25 | |||||
Fourth | 10,065 | 102 | 308 | 3 | 250 | 3 | 6,244 | 64 | 3,263 | 34 | |||||
Medical Aid (lowest) | 7,407 | 498 | 262 | 18 | 183 | 13 | 4,726 | 335 | 2,236 | 162 | |||||
Disability | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
No | 38,360 | 78 | 1,263 | 3 | 1,058 | 2 | 23,209 | 47 | 12,830 | 26 | |||||
Yes | 16,278 | 605 | 481 | 18 | 347 | 13 | 10,195 | 401 | 5,255 | 211 | |||||
Case-fatality | |||||||||||||||
Level of economic status | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
First (highest) | 19,206 | 254 | 606 | 2,021 | 494 | 691 | 11,514 | 258 | 6,592 | 201 | |||||
Second | 10,095 | 189 | 310 | 1,346 | 258 | 426 | 6,117 | 190 | 3,410 | 152 | |||||
Third | 7,865 | 196 | 258 | 1,293 | 220 | 422 | 4,803 | 201 | 2,584 | 151 | |||||
Fourth | 10,065 | 273 | 308 | 1,617 | 250 | 540 | 6,244 | 282 | 3,263 | 211 | |||||
Medical Aid (lowest) | 7,407 | 1521 | 262 | 5,374 | 183 | 2,883 | 4,726 | 1,586 | 2,236 | 1,114 | |||||
Disability | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
No | 38,360 | 190 | 1,263 | 1,411 | 1,058 | 465 | 23,209 | 193 | 12,830 | 149 | |||||
Yes | 16,278 | 1,776 | 481 | 6,494 | 347 | 3,689 | 10,195 | 1,854 | 5,255 | 1,365 |
Variables | Total | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Stage 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||||
Male | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Female | 0.84 (0.84, 0.84) | 0.95 (0.92, 0.99) | 0.92 (0.89, 0.94) | 0.82 (0.82, 0.83) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) |
Age (yr) | |||||
<20 | 0.64 (0.64, 0.65) | 0.82 (0.78, 0.87) | 0.83 (0.79, 0.86) | 0.66 (0.65, 0.67) | 0.89 (0.88, 0.90) |
20-44 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
45-64 | 1.32 (1.31, 1.33) | 2.06 (1.97, 2.14) | 1.21 (1.17, 1.26) | 1.37 (1.36, 1.38) | 1.73 (1.70, 1.75) |
65-74 | 1.99 (1.98, 2.00) | 2.35 (2.21, 2.50) | 0.97 (0.91, 1.03) | 2.41 (2.38, 2.43) | 3.30 (3.25, 3.34) |
≥75 | 5.17 (5.13, 5.21) | 2.06 (1.92, 2.21) | 0.99 (0.91, 1.07) | 6.91 (6.84, 6.98) | 9.32 (9.19, 9.45) |
Level of economic status | |||||
First (highest) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Second | 1.12 (1.11, 1.13) | 0.86 (0.82, 0.89) | 0.83 (0.80, 0.86) | 1.08 (1.07, 1.09) | 1.16 (1.15, 1.17) |
Third | 1.23 (1.22, 1.24) | 0.87 (0.83, 0.91) | 0.81 (0.78, 0.84) | 1.18 (1.17, 1.19) | 1.22 (1.20, 1.23) |
Fourth | 1.27 (1.26, 1.28) | 0.93 (0.89, 0.97) | 0.88 (0.85, 0.92) | 1.25 (1.24, 1.26) | 1.24 (1.23, 1.25) |
Medical Aid (lowest) | 2.55 (2.53, 2.58) | 1.05 (0.97, 1.15) | 0.72 (0.66, 0.78) | 2.88 (2.85, 2.92) | 2.52 (2.48, 2.56) |
Region | |||||
Metropolitan area | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Non-metropolitan area | 1.07 (1.06, 1.07) | 1.17 (1.12, 1.23) | 2.49 (2.37, 2.62) | 1.10 (1.09, 1.10) | 1.80 (1.78, 1.81) |
Charlson comorbidity index | |||||
0 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
1-2 | 1.07 (1.06, 1.07) | 0.78 (0.75, 0.81) | 0.88 (0.85, 0.91) | 1.08 (1.07, 1.09) | 1.33 (1.32, 1.34) |
≥3 | 1.59 (1.58, 1.60) | 0.50 (0.48, 0.53) | 0.75 (0.71, 0.80) | 1.69 (1.67, 1.70) | 2.20 (2.17, 2.22) |
Disability | |||||
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Yes | 1.85 (1.83, 1.86) | 0.86 (0.81, 0.92) | 0.80 (0.75, 0.86) | 2.08 (2.06, 2.10) | 2.04 (2.02, 2.06) |
Vaccination | |||||
Incomplete | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Complete | 0.40 (0.39, 0.40) | - | 1.14 (1.10, 1.18) | 0.37 (0.36, 0.37) | 0.31 (0.31, 0.32) |
Variables | Total | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Stage 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||||
Male | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Female | 0.58 (0.57, 0.59) | 0.63 (0.56, 0.71) | 0.62 (0.55, 0.70) | 0.60 (0.58, 0.61) | 0.55 (0.53, 0.56) |
Age (yr) | |||||
<20 | 0.05 (0.04, 0.06) | 0.04 (0.00, 0.30) | <0.01 (<0.01->99.99) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.05) | 0.08 (0.06, 0.11) |
20-44 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
45-64 | 9.82 (9.11, 10.58) | 9.14 (5.44, 15.35) | 11.32 (8.06, 15.91) | 9.98 (9.04, 11.02) | 9.29 (8.18, 10.54) |
65-74 | 40.83 (37.91, 43.97) | 36.22 (21.65, 60.57) | 46.26 (32.73, 65.39) | 42.42 (38.47, 46.75) | 37.42 (33.02, 42.39) |
≥75 | 215.05 (200.01, 231.22) | 128.25 (77.27, 212.86) | 177.33 (126.28, 249.00) | 223.83 (203.46, 246.24) | 204.78 (181.28, 231.32) |
Level of economic status | |||||
First (highest) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Second | 1.16 (1.13, 1.18) | 0.99 (0.83, 1.17) | 0.93 (0.79, 1.10) | 1.13 (1.09, 1.16) | 1.21 (1.16, 1.26) |
Third | 1.23 (1.20, 1.26) | 1.03 (0.85, 1.23) | 1.03 (0.86, 1.22) | 1.20 (1.16, 1.24) | 1.28 (1.22, 1.33) |
Fourth | 1.36 (1.32, 1.39) | 1.09 (0.92, 1.30) | 1.03 (0.87, 1.22) | 1.31 (1.27, 1.35) | 1.41 (1.35, 1.47) |
Medical Aid (lowest) | 1.92 (1.87, 1.98) | 1.22 (1.01, 1.48) | 1.34 (1.09, 1.65) | 1.87 (1.81, 1.94) | 2.00 (1.90, 2.11) |
Region | |||||
Metropolitan area | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Non-metropolitan area | 1.06 (1.04, 1.08) | 0.94 (0.81, 1.08) | 0.81 (0.69, 0.95) | 1.05 (1.02, 1.08) | 1.18 (1.14, 1.21) |
Charlson comorbidity index | |||||
0 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
1-2 | 1.48 (1.43, 1.52) | 2.07 (1.70, 2.52) | 1.53 (1.29, 1.81) | 1.47 (1.41, 1.52) | 1.41 (1.33, 1.48) |
≥3 | 2.25 (2.19, 2.32) | 2.28 (1.88, 2.78) | 2.45 (2.06, 2.91) | 2.22 (2.14, 2.30) | 2.16 (2.05, 2.26) |
Disability | |||||
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Yes | 1.65 (1.62, 1.69) | 1.24 (1.07, 1.43) | 1.41 (1.21, 1.64) | 1.64 (1.60, 1.69) | 1.67 (1.61, 1.73) |
Vaccination | |||||
Incomplete | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Complete | 0.09 (0.09, 0.10) | - | 0.03 (0.03, 0.04) | 0.10 (0.09, 0.10) | 0.14 (0.14, 0.15) |
Values are presented as number (%); Percentages do not necessarily total 100 because of rounding. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019. Stage 1 covers January 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021; Stage 2 covers March 1, 2021 to October 31, 2021; Stage 3 covers November 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022; and Stage 4 covers June 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022; Stage 1 represents the period from the first confirmed case to the issuance of a serious-level infection disease crisis alert; Stage 2 corresponds to the time when social distancing and quarantine measures were strengthened and vaccination efforts began; Stage 3 marks the start of a gradual daily recovery; while Stage 4 signifies an attempt to achieve full daily recovery. Signifies a cumulative number for each stage, spanning a total duration of 3 years; The overall period covers 3 years, with stage 1 spanning 14 months, stage 2 covering 8 months, and stages 3 and 4 lasting 7 months each.
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019. Stage 1 covers January 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021; Stage 2 covers March 1, 2021 to October 31, 2021; Stage 3 covers November 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022; and Stage 4 covers June 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022; Stage 1 represents the period from the first confirmed case to the issuance of a serious-level infection disease crisis alert; Stage 2 corresponds to the time when social distancing and quarantine measures were strengthened and vaccination efforts began; Stage 3 marks the start of a gradual daily recovery; while Stage 4 signifies an attempt to achieve full daily recovery. Signifies a cumulative number for each stage, spanning a total duration of 3 years; The overall period covers 3 years, with stage 1 spanning 14 months, stage 2 covering 8 months, and stages 3 and 4 lasting 7 months each.
Values are presented as adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval); Multivariable logistic regression included sex, age, economic status, region, Charlson comorbidity index, disability, and vaccination status; Vaccination was not performed during stage 1, so odds ratios for this variable could not be calculated. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019. Stage 1 covers January 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021; Stage 2 covers March 1, 2021 to October 31, 2021; Stage 3 covers November 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022; and Stage 4 covers June 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022; Stage 1 represents the period from the first confirmed case to the issuance of a serious-level infection disease crisis alert; Stage 2 corresponds to the time when social distancing and quarantine measures were strengthened and vaccination efforts began; Stage 3 marks the start of a gradual daily recovery; while Stage 4 signifies an attempt to achieve full daily recovery.
Values are presented as adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval); Multivariable logistic regression included sex, age, level of economic status, region, Charlson comorbidity index, disability, and vaccination status; Vaccination was not performed during stage 1, so odds ratios for this variable could not be calculated. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019. Stage 1 covers January 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021; Stage 2 covers March 1, 2021 to October 31, 2021; Stage 3 covers November 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022; and Stage 4 covers June 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022; Stage 1 represents the period from the first confirmed case to the issuance of a serious-level infection disease crisis alert; Stage 2 corresponds to the time when social distancing and quarantine measures were strengthened and vaccination efforts began; Stage 3 marks the start of a gradual daily recovery; while Stage 4 signifies an attempt to achieve full daily recovery.