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Epidemiol Health > Volume 41; 2019 > Article |
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Characteristics | n | Weighted %1 |
---|---|---|
Early initiation of breastfeeding | ||
No | 9,088 | 50.3 |
Yes | 10,507 | 49.7 |
Age (yr) | ||
15-24 | 4,710 | 22.9 |
25-34 | 9,037 | 46.5 |
35-49 | 5,848 | 30.6 |
Marital status | ||
Never married | 1,028 | 5.1 |
Separated/divorced/widowed | 2,033 | 10.4 |
Married/cohabiting | 16,534 | 84.5 |
Level of education | ||
No formal school/primary | 4,163 | 19.5 |
Secondary | 8,856 | 44.2 |
Higher | 6,576 | 36.3 |
Wealth Index | ||
Poorest | 5,519 | 23.6 |
Poorer | 5,110 | 23.1 |
Middle | 3,874 | 20.1 |
Richer | 2,937 | 17.5 |
Richest | 2,155 | 15.7 |
Region of residence | ||
Coast | 8,373 | 56.0 |
Andean | 6,598 | 27.4 |
Jungle | 4,624 | 16.6 |
Place of residence | ||
Rural | 5,830 | 25.0 |
Urban | 13,765 | 75.0 |
Mode of delivery | ||
Vaginal delivery | 13,271 | 64.5 |
Cesarean delivery | 6,324 | 35.5 |
Place of delivery | ||
Other2 | 1,347 | 7.3 |
Private health center | 1,820 | 14.5 |
Public health center | 16,428 | 78.2 |
Order of birth | ||
1 | 6,156 | 32.9 |
2-3 | 9,824 | 50.3 |
≥4 | 3,615 | 16.8 |
Newborn size | ||
Small | 4,163 | 20.9 |
Medium | 10,232 | 51.5 |
Large | 5,200 | 27.6 |
Newborn sex | ||
Female | 9,577 | 48.5 |
Male | 10,018 | 51.5 |
Type of pregnancy | ||
Multiple | 186 | 1.1 |
Single | 19,409 | 98.9 |
Antenatal controls | ||
0-3 | 764 | 3.5 |
4-7 | 4,737 | 23.4 |
≥8 | 14,094 | 73.1 |
Breastfeeding training | ||
No | 5,804 | 30.2 |
Yes | 13,791 | 69.8 |
Ethnic self-identification | ||
White/mixed-race/others | 11,136 | 63.0 |
Native | 6,651 | 26.7 |
Black/Brown/’’Zambo’’ | 1,808 | 10.3 |
Head of the household | ||
No | 17,081 | 88.1 |
Yes | 2,514 | 11.9 |
Characteristics |
Breastfeeding, %1 |
p-value2 | |
---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | ||
Age (yr) | |||
15-24 | 43.8 | 56.2 | <0.001 |
25-34 | 50.0 | 50.0 | |
35-49 | 55.3 | 44.7 | |
Marital status | 0.407 | ||
Never married | 50.9 | 49.1 | |
Separated/divorced/widowed | 51.9 | 48.1 | |
Married/cohabiting | 50.0 | 50.0 | |
Level of education | <0.001 | ||
No formal school/primary | 31.3 | 68.7 | |
Secondary | 47.5 | 52.5 | |
Higher | 63.7 | 36.3 | |
Wealth Index | <0.001 | ||
Poorest | 29.4 | 70.6 | |
Poorer | 43.8 | 56.2 | |
Middle | 54.5 | 45.5 | |
Richer | 61.7 | 38.3 | |
Richest | 72.5 | 27.5 | |
Region of residence | <0.001 | ||
Coast | 60.8 | 39.2 | |
Andean | 40.2 | 59.8 | |
Jungle | 30.9 | 69.1 | |
Place of residence | <0.001 | ||
Rural | 31.5 | 68.5 | |
Urban | 56.4 | 43.6 | |
Mode of delivery | <0.001 | ||
Vaginal delivery | 28.9 | 71.1 | |
Cesarean delivery | 89.0 | 11.0 | |
Place of delivery | <0.001 | ||
Other3 | 27.2 | 72.8 | |
Private health center | 79.1 | 20.9 | |
Public health center | 47.0 | 53.0 | |
Order of birth | <0.001 | ||
1 | 55.7 | 44.3 | |
2-3 | 50.6 | 49.4 | |
≥4 | 38.2 | 61.8 | |
Newborn size | <0.001 | ||
Small | 53.3 | 46.7 | |
Medium | 47.0 | 53.0 | |
Large | 53.8 | 46.2 | |
Newborn sex | 0.013 | ||
Female | 49.0 | 51.0 | |
Male | 51.4 | 48.6 | |
Type of pregnancy | <0.001 | ||
Multiple | 88.2 | 11.8 | |
Single | 49.8 | 50.2 | |
Antenatal controls | <0.001 | ||
0-3 | 41.8 | 58.2 | |
4-7 | 48.1 | 51.9 | |
≥8 | 51.3 | 48.7 | |
Breastfeeding training | 0.007 | ||
No | 52.3 | 47.7 | |
Yes | 49.3 | 50.7 | |
Ethnic self-identification | <0.001 | ||
White/mixed-race/others | 53.6 | 46.4 | |
Native | 44.1 | 55.9 | |
Black/Brown/’’Zambo’’ | 45.2 | 54.8 | |
Head of the household | 0.865 | ||
No | 50.2 | 49.8 | |
Yes | 50.4 | 49.6 |
Variables | OR (95% CI)1 | p-value | aOR (95% CI)1,2 | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | ||||
15-24 | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - |
25-34 | 0.78 (0.71, 0.85) | <0.001 | 0.94 (0.83, 1.07) | 0.378 |
35-49 | 0.63 (0.57, 0.70) | <0.001 | 0.89 (0.76, 1.05) | 0.159 |
Marital status | Not included | |||
Never married | 1.00 (reference) | - | - | - |
Separated/divorced/widowed | 0.96 (0.79, 1.16) | 0.667 | - | - |
Married/cohabiting | 1.04 (0.89, 1.21) | 0.649 | - | - |
Level of education | ||||
No formal school/primary | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - |
Secondary | 0.50 (0.45, 0.56) | <0.001 | 0.72 (0.64, 0.82) | <0.001 |
Higher | 0.26 (0.23, 0.29) | <0.001 | 0.65 (0.55, 0.76) | <0.001 |
Wealth Index | ||||
Poorest | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - |
Poorer | 0.53 (0.48, 0.60) | <0.001 | 0.94 (0.81, 1.10) | 0.430 |
Middle | 0.35 (0.31, 0.39) | <0.001 | 0.84 (0.70, 1.00) | 0.055 |
Richer | 0.26 (0.23, 0.29) | <0.001 | 0.82 (0.67, 1.01) | 0.057 |
Richest | 0.16 (0.14, 0.18) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.61, 0.98) | 0.033 |
Region of residence | ||||
Coast | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - |
Andean | 2.31 (2.11, 2.53) | <0.001 | 1.49 (1.30, 1.70) | <0.001 |
Jungle | 3.47 (3.12, 3.86) | <0.001 | 2.51 (2.17, 2.89) | <0.001 |
Place of residence | ||||
Rural | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - |
Urban | 0.35 (0.32, 0.39) | <0.001 | 0.90 (0.78, 1.05) | 0.167 |
Mode of delivery | ||||
Vaginal delivery | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - |
Cesarean delivery | 0.05 (0.04, 0.06) | <0.001 | 0.06 (0.05, 0.07) | <0.001 |
Place of delivery | ||||
Other3 | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - |
Private health center | 0.10 (0.08, 0.12) | <0.001 | 1.18 (0.90, 1.54) | 0.225 |
Public health center | 0.42 (0.36, 0.50) | <0.001 | 1.37 (1.15, 1.65) | 0.001 |
Order of birth | ||||
1 | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - |
2-3 | 1.22 (1.13, 1.33) | <0.001 | 1.07 (0.94, 1.21) | 0.293 |
≥4 | 2.03 (1.82, 2.27) | <0.001 | 1.21 (1.01, 1.45) | 0.040 |
Newborn size | ||||
Small | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - |
Medium | 1.29 (1.17, 1.42) | <0.001 | 1.37 (1.21, 1.54) | <0.001 |
Large | 0.98 (0.88, 1.09) | 0.736 | 1.20 (1.04, 1.39) | 0.011 |
Newborn sex | ||||
Female | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - |
Male | 0.91 (0.84, 0.98) | 0.013 | 0.93 (0.85, 1.03) | 0.158 |
Type of pregnancy | ||||
Multiple | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - |
Single | 7.55 (4.43, 12.87) | <0.001 | 2.81 (1.35, 5.85) | 0.006 |
Antenatal controls | ||||
0-3 | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - |
4-7 | 0.77 (0.63, 0.95) | 0.013 | 1.03 (0.80, 1.31) | 0.833 |
≥8 | 0.68 (0.56, 0.83) | <0.001 | 1.20 (0.94, 1.53) | 0.136 |
Breastfeeding training | ||||
No | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - |
Yes | 1.13 (1.03, 1.23) | 0.007 | 0.93 (0.83, 1.04) | 0.228 |
Ethnic self-identification | ||||
White/mixed-race/others | 1.00 (reference) | - | 1.00 (reference) | - |
Native | 1.47 (1.35, 1.59) | <0.001 | 0.86 (0.76, 0.97) | 0.012 |
Black/Brown/’’Zambo’’ | 1.40 (1.23, 1.59) | <0.001 | 1.02 (0.87, 1.20) | 0.808 |
Head of the household | Not included | |||
No | 1.00 (reference) | - | - | - |
Yes | 0.99 (0.88, 1.11) | 0.865 | - | - |
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