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1Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
2Division of Health and Nutrition Survey, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Korea
3Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
©2014, Korean Society of Epidemiology
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Duplicate diet approach | Food consumption record | 24-Hour dietary recall | Dietary record | Dietary history | Food frequency questionnaire | |
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Methods | Collection of duplicate diet sample and direct analysis | Objective observation by trained staff at the household level | Subjective measure using open-ended questionnaires administered by a trained interviewer | Subjective measure using open-ended, self-administered questionnaires | Subjective measures using open- and closed-ended questionnaires administered by a trained interviewer | Subjective measure using a predefined, self- or interviewer-administered format |
Collected date | Actual intake information throughout a specific period | Actual intake information throughout a specific period | Actual intake information over the previous 24 hours | Actual intake information throughout a specific period | Usual intake estimates over a relatively long period | Usual intake estimates over a relatively long period (e.g., 6 months or 1 year) |
Strengths | Measurement of dietary exposures possible (e.g., envi ronmental contaminants) | Ease of application among those with low literacy or those who prepare most meals at home | Provides detailed intake data; relatively small respondent burden (literacy not required) | Provides detailed intake data; no interviewer required; no recall bias | Assesses usual dietary intake | Assesses usual dietary intake simply; cost-effective and time-saving; suitable for epidemiological studies |
Limitations | Not suitable for large-scale studies | Individual dietary consumption not accurate; Not suitable among those frequently eat outside the home | Possible recall bias; trained interviewer required; possible interviewer bias; expensive and time-consuming; multiple days required to assess usual intake; possible changes to diet if repeated measures | Relatively large respondent burden (literacy and high motivation required, possible under-reporting); expensive and time-consuming; multiple days required to assess usual intake; possible changes to diet if repeated measures | High cost and time-consuming; not suitable for epidemiological studies | Specific to study groups and research aims; uses a closed-ended questionnaire; low accuracy (recall bias); requires accurate evaluation of developed questionnaires |
24-hour dietary recall | Dietary record | Food frequency questionnaire | |
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Required technology | Software, internet, etc. | Software, internet, PDA, mobile phone, application, etc. | Skip algorithms, questions that ask for multiple details, pictures of foods, etc. |
Strengths | Standardized data collection possible (reducing interviewer bias); likely reduce time and cost; improve feasibility | Standardized, real-time data collection possible; likely reduce time and cost; improve feasibility | Able to collect complex information and highly accurate data |
Limitations | Inherent bias related to self-report | Inherent bias related to self-report; requires participant training on how to use the technology | Measurement errors related to methodology remain |