Spatiotemporal trends in diabetes-related mortality by school district in the state of Michigan, United States

Nurjannah, Nurjannah; M. Baker, Kathleen; Mashinini, Duduzile Phindi

doi:2021.43.0.e2021098

Epidemiol Health > Volume 43; 2021 > Article

Original Article

Epidemiology and Health 2021;43: e2021098-0.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021098 Published online Nov 9, 2021.

Spatiotemporal trends in diabetes-related mortality by school district in the state of Michigan, United States

Nurjannah Nurjannah¹

, Kathleen M. Baker^2,3

, Duduzile Phindi Mashinini⁴

¹Public Health Department, Medical School, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
²Health Data Research, Analysis and Mapping (HDReAM) Center, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
³Department of Geography, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
⁴Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Lecturer, College of Health & Human Services, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA

Correspondence Nurjannah Nurjannah ,Email: nurjannah_dr@unsyiah.ac.id

Received: Sep 13, 2021 Accepted after revision: Nov 9, 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:
This study examined the spatiotemporal epidemiological status of diabetes-related death in relation to school district boundaries in the state of Michigan, United States.
METHODS:
A retrospective observational study was conducted using death records spanning the years 2007-2014 in Michigan, with school districts as the geographic unit of analysis. Geocoding was performed for each death record. Cluster analysis used spatial autocorrelation with local Moran’s I, and spatiotemporal analysis used the Space Time Pattern Mining tool in ArcGIS Pro 2.1.
RESULTS:
The study revealed spatial clusters of high-high locations of diabetes-related mortality rate by school district in Michigan from 2007 to 2014. Spatiotemporal analysis showed grids with intensifying, consecutive, sporadic, and persistent hotspots of diabetes-related death in the Lansing, Royal Oak, Flint City, Berkley, Detroit City, East Lansing, South Lake, and Holt public school districts. These school districts should be prioritized for school-based diabetes prevention programs
CONCLUSIONS:
The study demonstrated the presence of various hotspots of diabetes-related deaths within the state of Michigan across the 8-year period of analysis. Understanding spatial and temporal hotspots could further improve our ability to evaluate diabetes burden across both time and space.

Keywords: Diabetes mortality, Spatiotemporal analysis, Geographic information systems, Michigan, School district