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Systematic Review
A meta-analysis of the association between adolescent pregnancy and the risk of gynecological cancers
Bita Azmi-Naei, Fatemeh Shahbazi, Nazanin Azmi-Naei, Jalal Poorolajal
Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024094.   Published online November 26, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024094
  • 10,623 View
  • 143 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Despite several investigations, the association between adolescent pregnancy and gynecological cancers has yet to be conclusively established. To further explore this association, we conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies.
METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive search of databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify studies investigating the link between adolescent pregnancy and gynecologic cancers. This search continued until February 20, 2023. To assess the heterogeneity among the studies, we used the I2-statistics. We also explored the potential presence of publication bias using the Begg and Egger tests. The overall effect sizes were reported as either risk ratio or odds ratio, accompanied by a 95% confidence interval (CI), using a random-effects model.
RESULTS
From an initial pool of 25,436 studies, a total of 76 studies involving 13,991,683 participants met the predefined eligibility criteria. The analysis indicated that the overall effect size for individuals having their first pregnancy at age 20 or older, compared to those having it before age 20, was 0.54 (95% CI, 0.50 to 0.59) for cervical cancer, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.77 to 0.88) for ovarian cancer, and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.89 to 1.04) for uterine cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that experiencing one’s initial pregnancy at the age of 20 or above is associated with a significantly reduced risk of cervical and ovarian cancer. However, no significant association was found between first pregnancy at this age and uterine cancer.
Summary
Brief Communication
Relationship between shipping amounts of olive flounder aquacultured from Jejudo and the reported events of acute food poisoning by Kudoa septempunctata in 2015, South Korea: an ecological study
Jong-Myon Bae
Epidemiol Health. 2017;39:e2017041.   Published online September 6, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2017041
  • 25,356 View
  • 236 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Confirmation of <i>Kudoa septempunctata</i> (<i>K. septempunctata</i>) as the pathogenic agent causing acute food poisoning remains under debate owing to inconsistencies in the reproducibility of experimental evidence. Higher intake of olive flounder infected with <i>K. septempunctata</i> would result in increased diagnosis of food poisoning by <i>K. septempunctata</i>, if the latter was one of the causal agents of acute food poisoning. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between the shipping amount of olive flounder aquacultured from Jejudo and the incidence of <i>K. septempunctata</i> food poisoning in 2015, Korea.
METHODS
Data of shipping amounts between March 2014 and February 2016 and of monthly reported events of <i>Kudoa</i> food poisoning were taken from Jejudo Fish-Culture Fisheries Cooperatives and Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, respectively. Non-parametric correlation analyses were conducted.
RESULTS
Shipping amounts indicated the seasonal changes according to variation of consumption. Spearman’s rho and Kendall’s tau-a between the monthly shipping amounts and the reported events in 2015 were 0.39 (p=0.21) and 0.27 (p=0.20), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
An independent relationship was noted between the shipping amount and the reported events, which contrasted with the claim that the virulence of <i>K. septempunctata</i> caused acute food poisoning.
Summary
Korean summary
질병관리본부가 보고한 2015년도 쿠도아 식중독 발생 사례의 월별 분포와, 같은 기간에 제주도 수산협동조합이 국내 시장에 제공한 출하량 간의 상관성 (correlation)을 알아보았을 때, 유의한 관련성이 없었다. 이는 칠성 쿠도아충이 급성식중독을 일으킨다는 주장을 의심케 하는 근거의 하나이다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Epidemiology of Kudoa septempunctata food poisoning in Japan from 2013 to 2023
    Yoshiro Hadano, Hirotake Mori, Yuichiro Tanaka, Aongart Mahittikorn, Satoshi Ohno
    Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • An update of the species of Myxosporea (Cnidaria, Myxozoa) described from Indian fish
    Jorge C. Eiras, Gyan Deb Barman, Sukanya Chanda, Ashis Kumar Panigrahi
    Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2023; 47(1): 12.     CrossRef
  • Additional experimental and epidemiologic studies for evaluating pathogenecity of Kudoa septempunctata should be needed
    Jong-Myon Bae
    International Journal of Food Microbiology.2018; 266: 222.     CrossRef
Original Articles
Ecological context of infant mortality in high-focus states of India
Laishram Ladusingh, Ashish Kumar Gupta, Awdhesh Yadav
Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016006.   Published online March 5, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016006
  • 33,428 View
  • 207 Download
  • 11 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This goal of this study was to shed light on the ecological context as a potential determinant of the infant mortality rate in nine high-focus states in India.
METHODS
Data from the Annual Health Survey (2010-2011), the Census of India (2011), and the District Level Household and Facility Survey 3 (2007-08) were used in this study. In multiple regression analysis explanatory variable such as underdevelopment is measured by the non-working population, and income inequality, quantified as the proportion of households in the bottom wealth quintile. While, the trickle-down effect of education is measured by female literacy, and investment in health, as reflected by neonatal care facilities in primary health centres.
RESULTS
A high spatial autocorrelation of district infant mortality rates was observed, and ecological factors were found to have a significant impact on district infant mortality rates. The result also revealed that non-working population and income inequality were found to have a negative effect on the district infant mortality rate. Additionally, female literacy and new-born care facilities were found to have an inverse association with the infant mortality rate.
CONCLUSIONS
Interventions at the community level can reduce district infant mortality rates.
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Declining Infant Mortality Rate in India: Exploring the Role of Globalization, Openness and Socioeconomic Development
    Biswajit Maitra
    Journal of Quantitative Economics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Synergy Between Undernutrition and Under-five Mortality in India: A Spatially Explicit Structural Equation Modelling Approach
    Wahengbam Bigyananda Meitei
    Spatial Demography.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Does club convergence matter in health outcomes? Evidence from Indian states
    Ajit Nag, Andrej Privara, Beata Gavurova, Jalandhar Pradhan
    BMC Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Major Determinants of Infant Mortality: District-level Evidence from Annual Health Survey States of India
    Subhanil Banerjee, Souren Koner, Arshleen Kaur, Charvi Sharma
    Journal of Health Management.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Does socio-economic inequality in infant mortality still exists in India? An analysis based on National Family Health Survey 2005–06 and 2015–16
    Pradeep Kumar, Ratna Patel, Shekhar Chauhan, Shobhit Srivastava, Ankur Khare, Kamlesh Kumar Patel
    Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health.2021; 9: 116.     CrossRef
  • Sociodemographic correlates of infant mortality in India: A review of national family health survey data
    Ratan Gupta, ManasPratim Roy
    CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research.2020; 7(1): 12.     CrossRef
  • Factors explaining regional variation in under-five mortality in India: An evidence from NFHS-4
    Jayanta Kumar Bora
    Health & Place.2020; 64: 102363.     CrossRef
  • Spatial heterogeneity of the associations of economic and health care factors with infant mortality in China using geographically weighted regression and spatial clustering
    Shaobin Wang, Jun Wu
    Social Science & Medicine.2020; 263: 113287.     CrossRef
  • A spatial analysis of childhood stunting and its contextual correlates in India
    Rupam Bharti, Preeti Dhillon, Pralip Kumar Narzary
    Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health.2019; 7(3): 488.     CrossRef
  • The persistent influence of caste on under-five mortality: Factors that explain the caste-based gap in high focus Indian states
    Jayanta Kumar Bora, Rajesh Raushan, Wolfgang Lutz, William Joe
    PLOS ONE.2019; 14(8): e0211086.     CrossRef
The effect of community-level smoke-free ordinances on smoking rates in men based on Community Health Surveys
Hye Ah Lee, Hyesook Park, Ho Kim, Kyunghee Jung-Choi
Epidemiol Health. 2014;36:e2014037.   Published online December 26, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2014037
  • 31,234 View
  • 163 Download
  • 12 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
As one of smoke-free policies, communities have established the smoke-free ordinances since August 2010. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of community-level smoke-free ordinances (SFO) on smoking rates in men using multiyear Community Health Survey (CHS) data.
METHODS
Data on community-level SFO were collected from a website on Enhanced Local Laws and Regulation Information System. Regional smoking-related data were obtained from CHS data from 2008 to 2012 and the age-standardized rates of current smoking in men, attempts to quit smoking, and smoke-free campaign experiences including the mean number of cigarettes smoked (smoking amount) were calculated. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the effects of regional implementation of SFO and the duration on change of smoking rates.
RESULTS
Overall current smoking rates and daily mean cigarettes smoked were lower in community where SFO had been implemented compared to those without implementation, and there was a significant difference in smoking rates between 2010 and 2008. Cross-sectional analysis of the effects of regional SFO revealed clear difference in rate of current smoking, but longitudinal analysis showed no significant differences. Stratifying by age groups, however, showed that groups less than 30 years of age had low smoking rates in community with ordinance compared to those without SFO since 2010. Yearly surveys measuring the number of cigarettes smoked, attempts to quit smoking, and experiences of smoke-free campaigns showed regional differences in the duration of implementation, but these differences were not significant in longitudinal analysis. Furthermore, there was a difference in regional socioeconomic characteristics between community with and without SFO implementation.
CONCLUSIONS
For effective smoking control, it is necessary to evaluate current policies and develop indices to evaluate the practical implementation of ordinances. As more communities to pass the SFO, long-term observation and assessments required.
Summary
Korean summary
2008년부터 2012년까지 조사된 지역사회건강조사 자료를 이용하여, 지역별 금연 조례 시행에 대한 효과를 평가한 연구 결과로, 종단적 분석을 통해 접근하였을 때 시간에 따른 흡연율 감소 폭은 조례 시행/미시행 지역간에 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 지역의 사회경제적 특성 요인에 차이가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 효과적인 흡연 규제를 위해, 현 시행중인 정책에 대한 효과 평가 및 장기적인 평가가 필요하다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effects of municipal smoke-free ordinances on secondhand smoke exposure in the Republic of Korea
    Siwoo Kim, Yuri Lee, Changwoo Han, Min Kyung Kim, Ichiro Kawachi, Juhwan Oh
    Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • What explains the link between childhood ADHD and adolescent depression? Investigating the role of peer relationships and academic attainment
    Victoria Powell, Lucy Riglin, Gemma Hammerton, Olga Eyre, Joanna Martin, Richard Anney, Anita Thapar, Frances Rice
    European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.2020; 29(11): 1581.     CrossRef
  • Attitudes of Korean smokers towards smoke-free public places: findings from the longitudinal ITC Korea Survey, 2005–2010
    Eunja Park, Sung-il Cho, Hong Gwan Seo, Yeol Kim, Hyun-Suk Jung, Pete Driezen, Janine Ouimet, Anne C K Quah, Geoffrey T. Fong
    BMJ Open.2019; 9(8): e025298.     CrossRef
  • Second‐hand smoke prevalence in 252 regions of South Korea in three exposure locations
    Li‐Yuan Sun, Jae‐Hyun Park
    Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2018; 15(3): 210.     CrossRef
  • The effect of contextual factors on unintentional injury hospitalization: from the Korea National Hospital Discharge Survey
    Hye Ah Lee, Hyejin Han, Seonhwa Lee, Bomi Park, Bo Hyun Park, Won Kyung Lee, Ju Ok Park, Sungok Hong, Young Taek Kim, Hyesook Park
    BMC Public Health.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Potential Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Cigarette Smoke‐Associated Diseases
    A-Reum Ryu, Do Hyun Kim, Eunjoo Kim, Mi Young Lee, Ji C. Bihl
    Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Affecting Factors of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Korea: Focused on Different Exposure Locations
    Li-Yuan Sun, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Eun-Whan Lee, Kyeong-Jin Kang, Jae-Hyun Park
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2016; 31(9): 1362.     CrossRef
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