Epidemiology and Health

Original Articles

Increasing trends in mortality and costs of infectious diseases in Korea: trends in mortality and costs of infectious diseases: Dahye Baik, Byung-Woo Kim, Moran Ki; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022010. Published online January 3, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022010

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
In an era when the average life expectancy and overall mortality rate have improved, Korea remains at risk for infectious disease outbreaks that place substantial burdens on the healthcare system. This study investigated trends in mortality and the economic burden of infectious diseases.

METHODS

Healthcare data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (2009-2019) and the Korean Statistics Information Service (1997-2019) were used. We selected 10 infectious disease groups (intestinal infections, tuberculosis, vaccine- preventable diseases, sepsis, viral hepatitis, HIV-related diseases, central nervous system infections, rheumatic heart diseases, respiratory tract infections, and arthropod-borne viral diseases).

RESULTS

The age-standardized mortality rate for infectious diseases increased from 27.2 per 100,000 population in 1997 to 37.1 per 100,000 population in 2019 and has had an upward trend since 2004. During this same period, significant increases were seen in respiratory tract infections and among elderly persons, especially those aged ≥85 years. The costs for infectious diseases increased from 4.126 billion US dollar (USD) in 2009 to 6.612 billion USD in 2019, with respiratory tract infections accounting for 3.699 billion USD (69%). The annual cost per patient for visits for medical care due to infectious diseases increased from 131 USD in 2009 to 204 USD in 2019.

CONCLUSIONS

Mortality among elderly persons and those with respiratory tract infections increased during the study period. The economic burden of infectious diseases has consistently increased, especially for respiratory tract infections. It is therefore essential to establish effective management policies that considers specific infectious diseases and patient groups.

Summary

Korean summary
우리나라의 감염병으로 인한 사망률과 의료비용은 증가하고 있다. 특히 고령층에서의 높은 사망률과 과다한 의료비용 지출을 고려하면, 호흡기 감염 관리에 집중하는 것이 중요하며 각 감염병 그룹별로 효과적인 정책과 효율적인 관리가 필요하다. 본 연구는 COVID-19 발생 이전의 우리나라 감염병의 사망률과 발생, 의료비 부담의 장기적인 추세를 분석한 중요한 레퍼런스가 될 것이다.

Key Message
In Republic of Korea, the mortality trends (1997-2019) and costs (2009-2019) of infectious disease have increased and this study is particularly important reference for identifying the long-term trends including mortality, outbreak, financial burden of infectious disease in Korea before COVID-19 outbreak.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Validation of operational definitions of mortality in a nationwide hemodialysis population using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service databases of Korea
Dong Hee Lee, Ye-Jee Kim, Hyangkyoung Kim, Hyung Seok Lee
Kidney Research and Clinical Practice.2024; 43(2): 156. CrossRef
Mortality Burden Due to Short-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter in Korea
Jongmin Oh, Youn-Hee Lim, Changwoo Han, Dong-Wook Lee, Jisun Myung, Yun-Chul Hong, Soontae Kim, Hyun-Joo Bae
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2024; 57(2): 185. CrossRef
Glycaemic status, insulin resistance, and risk of infection-related mortality: a cohort study
Hae Suk Cheong, Yoosoo Chang, Yejin Kim, Eun-Jeong Joo, Min-Jung Kwon, Sarah H Wild, Christopher D Byrne, Seungho Ryu
European Journal of Endocrinology.2023; 188(2): 197. CrossRef
Bacterial biofilm inhibitors: An overview
Vipin Chandra Kalia, Sanjay K.S. Patel, Jung-Kul Lee
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.2023; 264: 115389. CrossRef
Determination of Volatile Compounds of Mentha piperita and Lavandula multifida and Investigation of Their Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Properties
Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli, Eman R. ELsharkawy, Emad M. Abdallah, Munerah Hamed, Nasreddine El Omari, Shafi Mahmud, Mohammed Merae Alshahrani, Hanae Naceiri Mrabti, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Fernanda Tonelli
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef

The costs of hepatitis A infections in South Korea: Kyohyun Kim, Baek-Geun Jeong, Moran Ki, Mira Park, Jin Kyung Park, Bo Youl Choi, Weon-Seob Yoo; Epidemiol Health. 2014;36:e2014011. Published online August 18, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2014011

18,898 View
141 Download
4 Web of Science
6 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The incidence of hepatitis A infections among young adults has recently increased in South Korea. Although universal vaccination has often been suggested to mitigate the problem, its rationale has not been well-understood. Estimating the societal costs of hepatitis A infections might support the development of intervention strategies.

METHODS

We classified hepatitis A infections into eight clinical pathways and estimated the number of occurrences and cost per case for each clinical pathway using claim data from National Health Insurance and several national surveys as well as assumptions based on previous studies. To determine the total costs of a hepatitis A infection, both direct and indirect costs were estimated. Indirect costs were estimated using the human-capital approach. All costs are adjusted to the year 2008.

RESULTS

There were 30,240 identified cases of hepatitis A infections in 2008 for a total cost of 80,873 million won (2.7 million won per case). Direct and indirect costs constituted 56.2% and 43.8% of the total costs, respectively. People aged 20-39 accounted for 71.3% of total cases and 74.6% of total costs. Medical costs per capita were the lowest in the 0-4 age group and highest in the 20-29 age group.

CONCLUSIONS

This study could provide evidence for development of cost-effective interventions to control hepatitis A infections. But the true costs including uncaptured and intangible costs of hepatitis A infections might be higher than our results indicate.

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The chronological changes in the seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis A virus IgG from 2005 to 2019: Experience at four centers in the capital area of South Korea
Dae Hyun Lim, Won Sohn, Jae Yoon Jeong, Hyunwoo Oh, Jae Gon Lee, Eileen L. Yoon, Tae Yeob Kim, Seungwoo Nam, Joo Hyun Sohn
Medicine.2022; 101(48): e31639. CrossRef
Perspectives on Acute Hepatitis A Control in Korea
Seong Hee Kang, Moon Young Kim, Soon Koo Baik
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Seropositive rate of the anti-hepatitis A immunoglobulin G antibody in maintenance hemodialysis subjects from two hospitals in Korea
Hyunsuk Kim, Jiwon Ryu, Young-Ki Lee, Myung Jin Choi, Ajin Cho, Ja-Ryong Koo, Sae Yun Baik, Eun Hee Lee, Jong-Woo Yoon, Jung-Woo Noh
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2019; 34(6): 1297. CrossRef
Causes and countermeasures for repeated outbreaks of hepatitis A among adults in Korea
Moran Ki, Hyunjin Son, Bo Youl Choi
Epidemiology and Health.2019; 41: e2019038. CrossRef
Estimating the Incidence of Cases and Deaths Resulting from Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease and Its Related Socioeconomic Disease Burden in Republic of Korea (2010 – 2014)
Donghee Seo
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2018; 9(3): 112. CrossRef
Viral Hepatitis in South Korea
Stella C Pak, Yaseen Alastal, Zubair Khan, Umar Darr
Euroasian Journal of Hepato-Gastroenterology.2017; 7(2): 163. CrossRef

Incidence of complication and societal cost of measles in Korea, 2000.: Weon Young Lee, Moran Ki, Jin Kyoung Oh, Jong Koo Lee, Myung Bin Kim, Bo Youl Choi; Korean J Epidemiol. 2004;26(2):71-80.

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Abstract PDF: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
To estimate the complication rate and the societal cost of measles, a survey was conducted in Seoul, Jeonju city, and Kyonggi province in 2001.
METHODS
A telephone survey was conducted in Jeonju city (175/307) and four local areas of Kyonggi province (793/1,238) to gather information on the complications of measles. To estimate societal cost, the telephone survey was conducted for the sampled subject by complication type and the age group. The response rate was 78% (180/230). Paid bills were examined for direct cost estimation, and the time cost and the transportation expense were analyzed for indirect cost estimation.
RESULTS
The incidence of a complication of measles was 3.1% which found to be higher in younger age group. The incidence of pneumonia, otitis media, and encephalitis were 2.1%, 0.8%, and 0.2% respectively. Direct and indirect costs of in-patients without a complication were $417.00 (US $1.00 = 1,000 won) and $256.00 per case, respectively, and the out-patients who have no complication were $54.00 and $65.00, respectively. The average cost for a patient with measles without complication was $119.00 as the result. The societal cost of encephalitis was high as $6,660. Estimated total societal cost of measles ranges from $14 million to $69 million in the year 2000.
CONCLUSION
Complication rate of measles was fairly low compared to foreign countries. The lower rate could result from the difference in vaccination rate and the age distribution of the measles patients. The cost of measles without complication was not high. However, the cost for the complication and the total disease burden caused by measles shown to be high in the year 2000.; Summary

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