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Original Articles
Decreased birth weight after prenatal exposure to wildfires on the eastern coast of Korea in 2000
En-Joo Jung, Ah-Young Lim, Jong-Hun Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023003.   Published online December 9, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023003
  • 18,259 View
  • 218 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
In April 2000, a series of wildfires occurred simultaneously in five adjacent small cities located on the eastern coast of Korea. These wildfires burned approximately 23,794 hectares of forestland over several days. We investigated the effects of prenatal exposure to the by-products generated by wildfire disasters on birth weight.
METHODS
Birth weight data were obtained for 1999-2001 from the birth registration database of the Korean National Statistical Office and matched with the zip code and exposed/unexposed pregnancy week for days of the wildfires. Generalized linear models were then used to assess the associations between birth weight and exposure to wildfires after adjusting for fetal sex, gestational age, parity, maternal age, maternal education, paternal education, and average exposed atmospheric temperature.
RESULTS
Compared with unexposed pregnancies before and after the wildfires, mean birth weight decreased by 41.4 g (95% confidence interval [CI], -72.4 to -10.4) after wildfire exposure during the first trimester, 23.2 g (95% CI, -59.3 to 13.0) for exposure during the second trimester, and 27.0 g (95% CI, -63.8 to 9.8) during the third trimester. In the adjusted model for infants exposed in utero during any trimester, the mean birth weight decreased by 32.5 g (95% CI, -53.2 to -11.7).
CONCLUSIONS
We observed a 1% reduction in birth weight after wildfire exposure. Thus, exposure to by-products generated during a wildfire disaster during pregnancy may slow fetal growth and cause developmental delays.
Summary
Korean summary
산불로 인한 연소 부산물에 대한 태아기 노출이 출생 체중에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 산불 발생 전후로 연소 부산물에 노출되지 않았던 신생아와 비교하였을 때, 노출된 신생아의 평균 출생 체중은 32.5g (-53.2~-11.7g) 감소하였다. 임신 중 산불로 인한 연소 부산물에 대한 노출은 태아 성장을 느리게 하거나 발달 지연을 일으킬 수 있다.
Key Message
The study investigated the effects of prenatal exposure to by-products generated by wildfire disasters on birth weight. Compared to newborns who were not prenatally exposed to wildfire byproducts, exposed newborns had a 32.5 g (-53.2 to -11.7 g) reduction in birth weight. Exposure to wildfire by-products during pregnancy can slow fetal growth or cause developmental delays.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Health impacts of a short-lived, small-scale wildfire in South Korea
    Changwoo Han, Jaiyong Kim, Hoyeon Jang, Yeseul Yun, Tarik Benmarhnia
    International Journal of Epidemiology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prenatal wildfire smoke exposure and adverse neonatal outcomes in a high-risk cohort of pregnant women with asthma
    Bronwyn K. Brew, Peter G. Gibson, Adam Collison, Wilfried Karmaus, Stuart Szwec, Elizabeth Holliday, Geoffrey Morgan, Karthik Gopi, Graeme Zosky, Megan E. Jensen, Vanessa M. McDonald, Paul D. Robinson, Joerg Mattes, Vanessa E. Murphy
    American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Epidemiological profile of the natural hazards-related disasters in Asia from 2000 to 2021
    Andrea Fernández García, Rick Kye Gan, José Antonio Cernuda Martínez, Pedro Arcos González
    Journal of Public Health Policy.2025; 46(3): 617.     CrossRef
  • Impact of climate change and environmental adversities on maternal and fetal health: the role of clinical practices and providers in mitigating effects and prioritising women's health in the UK
    Athina Samara, Thomas Hanton, Ranee Thakar, Eric Jauniaux, Asma Khalil
    Frontiers in Global Women's Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Wildfire Smoke: Health Effects, Mechanisms, and Mitigation
    Ying Lei, Tze-Huan Lei, Chan Lu, Xue Zhang, Faming Wang
    Environmental Science & Technology.2024; 58(48): 21097.     CrossRef
  • Natural Disaster Epidemiology and Reproductive Health
    Emily W. Harville, Bianka Northland
    Current Epidemiology Reports.2023; 10(4): 169.     CrossRef
The effects of water-pipe smoking on birth weight: a population-based prospective cohort study in southern Iran
Shahrzad Nematollahi, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Abbas Rahimi Foroushani, Mahmood Mahmoodi, Azin Alavi, Mohammad Shekari, Kourosh Holakouie-Naieni
Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018008.   Published online March 13, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018008
  • 24,602 View
  • 230 Download
  • 21 Web of Science
  • 20 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Consecutive community health assessments revealed that water-pipe smoking in women and impaired growth in children were among the main health concerns in suburban communities in southern Iran. The aim of the present study was to identify the effects of water-pipe smoking during pregnancy on birth weight.
METHODS
Data from a population-based prospective cohort study of 714 singleton live pregnancies in the suburbs of Bandar Abbas in southern Iran in 2016-2018 were used in this study. Data about water-pipe smoking patterns and birth weight were collected by questionnaires during and after the pregnancy. Low birth weight (LBW) was defined as a birth weight below 2,500 g. Statistical analyses were performed using generalized linear models, and the results were presented in terms of relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
RESULTS
Fifty (8.2%) of the study subjects smoked water-pipe. The adjusted risk of LBW increased 2-fold in water-pipe smokers (adjusted RR [aRR], 2.09; 95% CI, 1.18 to 3.71), and by 2.0% for each 1-year increase in the duration of water-pipe smoking (aRR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results showed that water-pipe smoking during pregnancy was an important risk factor for LBW in this population sample from southern Iran. The introduction of regulations onto prevent water-pipe smoking and the implementation of community health action plans aiming at empowering women and increasing women’s knowledge and awareness regarding the health consequences of water-pipe smoking are proposed.
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Diversity in Tobacco Use Among Women of Reproductive Age (15–49 Years) in Pakistan: A Secondary Analysis of a Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2016–2018
    Radha Sharma, Mona Kanaan, Kamran Siddiqi
    Nicotine and Tobacco Research.2024; 26(7): 931.     CrossRef
  • Sevrage tabagique au cours de la grossesse
    V. Peyronnet, A.-L. Le Faou, I. Berlin
    Revue des Maladies Respiratoires.2024; 41(9): 685.     CrossRef
  • Waterpipe Tobacco (Hookah) Use in Pregnancy: Associations with Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy
    Anna R. Whelan, Alexis C. Gimovsky, Nancy C. Jao, Erika F. Werner, Chrystal Vergara-Lopez, Laura R. Stroud
    American Journal of Perinatology.2023; 40(10): 1033.     CrossRef
  • Interventions for waterpipe smoking cessation
    Taghrid Asfar, Jonathan Livingstone-Banks, Kenneth D Ward, Thomas Eissenberg, Olusanya Oluwole, Zoran Bursac, Tarek Ghaddar, Wasim Maziak
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Dual and Poly Use of Tobacco Products in a Sample of Pregnant Smokers: A Cross-sectional Study
    André Luís Bertani, Suzana Erico Tanni, Irma Godoy
    Maternal and Child Health Journal.2023; 27(9): 1616.     CrossRef
  • Reproductive outcomes of water pipe smoking: A scoping review
    Sahar Rostami, Farzane Fereidouni, Arezoo Maleki-Hajiagha, Mohadese Motaharinejad, Somayye Majidi, Fardin Amidi
    Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction.2023; 12(5): 211.     CrossRef
  • What are the intervention goals of women’s hookah cessation? A systematic, evidence-based and participatory study
    Sakineh Dadipoor, Teamur Aghamolaei, Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mohtasham Ghaffari, Ali Heyrani, Saeed Hosseini Teshnizi
    Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse.2022; 21(4): 1468.     CrossRef
  • Maternal smoking status during pregnancy and low birth weight in offspring: systematic review and meta-analysis of 55 cohort studies published from 1986 to 2020
    Hong-Kun Di, Yong Gan, Kai Lu, Chao Wang, Yi Zhu, Xin Meng, Wen-Qi Xia, Min-Zhi Xu, Jing Feng, Qing-Feng Tian, Yan He, Zhi-Qiang Nie, Jun-An Liu, Fu-Jian Song, Zu-Xun Lu
    World Journal of Pediatrics.2022; 18(3): 176.     CrossRef
  • Using intervention mapping for hookah smoking cessation: a quasi-experimental evaluation
    Sakineh Dadipoor, Ali Heyrani, Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Teamur Aghamolaei, Mohtasham Ghaffari, Amin Ghanbarnejad
    Addiction Science & Clinical Practice.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association Between a History of Hookah Use and Breastfeeding Duration
    Zelalem T. Haile, Ilana R. Azulay Chertok, Mohammad Rifat Haider
    Breastfeeding Medicine.2022; 17(8): 678.     CrossRef
  • Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke Exposure during Lactation—Susceptibility of Reproductive Hormones and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Male Progeny Rats
    Nour A. Al-Sawalha, Indira D. Pokkunuri, Karem H. Alzoubi, Omar F. Khabour, Bashar N. Almomani
    Reproductive Sciences.2021; 28(1): 37.     CrossRef
  • Trends of maternal waterpipe, cigarettes, and dual tobacco smoking in Jordan. A decade of lost opportunities
    Khalid A. Kheirallah, Nuha Shugaa Addin, Maan M. Alolimat, Eman Sobh
    PLOS ONE.2021; 16(7): e0253655.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Water-Pipe Smoking on the Normal Development of Zebrafish
    Zain Zaki Zakaria, Shaima Ahmad Aladwi, Fatiha Benslimane, Enas S. Al-Absi, Mashael Al-Shafai, Huseyin C. Yalcin, Ashraf Khalil, Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa, Maha Al-Asmakh
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    Sakineh Dadipoor, Gerjo Kok, Ali Heyrani, Teamur Aghamolaei, Mohtasham Ghaffari, Amin Ghanbarnezhad
    Addiction Science & Clinical Practice.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Shahrzad Nematollahi, Koroush Holakouie-Naieni, Abdolhossain Madani, Hossein Shabkhiz, Elham Torabi, Samane Lotfi
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    Sakineh Dadipoor, Ali Heyrani, Teamur Aghamolaei, Amin Ghanbarnezhad, Mohtasham Ghaffari
    Substance Use & Misuse.2020; 55(11): 1800.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Reproductive Immunology.2020; 141: 103173.     CrossRef
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    Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry .2019; 17(2): 82.     CrossRef
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