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Original Article
High frequency of colonization by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacilli in hemodialysis patients and their household contacts in Colombia: dissemination between the community and the hospital
Daniela Montoya-Urrego, Sara Tellez-Carrasquilla, Johanna M. Vanegas, Judy Natalia Jiménez Quiceno
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022069.   Published online August 27, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022069
  • 6,859 View
  • 114 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Increasing colonization by beta-lactam-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (BR-GNB) represents a risk for infections and bacterial resistance spread, both in hospitals and the community. Hemodialysis patients and their household contacts regularly transit between these environments. This study investigated the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of BR-GNB colonization in hemodialysis patients and their household contacts, as well as the genetic relationship between their isolates.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted on hemodialysis patients at a hospital-associated dialysis center in Medellín, Colombia and their household contacts. Clinical and epidemiological information was collected. Colonization was assessed from stool or rectal swab samples. Bacterial identification and susceptibility were determined using chromogenic media and Vitek-2. Molecular characterization included beta-lactamase detection by polymerase chain reaction, multiple-locus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and identification of Escherichia coli phylogroups by the Clermont protocol.
RESULTS
This study included 36 hemodialysis patients and 90 household contacts. Colonization by BR-GNB occurred in 58.3% of patients and 22.2% of household contacts. The main beta-lactamase detected was CTX-M group-1 (40.5%). In 3 of the 9 homes that had more than 1 colonized individual, a genetic relationship was found. MLST showed a high diversity in E. coli isolates, and the most frequent phylogroups were B1 and B2.
CONCLUSIONS
These results show a high frequency of colonization and the presence of potentially pathogenic BR-GBN both in hospitals and the community. This highlights the importance of populations who move between those 2 environments, and the need to prevent the spread of bacterial resistance outside hospitals.
Summary
Key Message
Colonization by beta-lactam-resistant Gram-negative bacilli has increased in hospitals and communities. Populations that constantly move between these 2 environments, such as hemodialysis patients and their household contacts, can transport these bacteria and turn their homes into potential reservoirs. In this work, a high frequency of colonization was found in patients and household contacts, as well as a high diversity of E. coli isolates, suggesting different sources of acquisition. However, there could be an exchange of potentially pathogenic resistant bacteria in homes. This highlights the importance of including these populations in epidemiological surveillance and interventions to prevent bacterial resistance spread.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Clinical outcomes of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infection in patients with end-stage renal disease in intensive care units: a multicenter retrospective observational study
    Yu-Chao Lin, Kuang-Yao Yang, Chung-Kan Peng, Ming-Cheng Chan, Chau-Chyun Sheu, Jia-Yih Feng, Sheng-Huei Wang, Wei-Hsuan Huang, Chia-Min Chen, Ding-Han Chen, Chieh-Lung Chen
    Infection.2025; 53(1): 197.     CrossRef
  • Molecular and Clinical Data of Antimicrobial Resistance in Microorganisms Producing Bacteremia in a Multicentric Cohort of Patients with Cancer in a Latin American Country
    Sergio Andrés Cruz-Vargas, Laura García-Muñoz, Sonia Isabel Cuervo-Maldonado, Carlos Arturo Álvarez-Moreno, Carlos Humberto Saavedra-Trujillo, José Camilo Álvarez-Rodríguez, Angélica Arango-Gutiérrez, Julio César Gómez-Rincón, Katherine García-Guzman, Aur
    Microorganisms.2023; 11(2): 359.     CrossRef
Brief Communication
Emergence of Neisseria meningitidis W135 in Cote d’Ivoire: laboratory based-surveillance
Man-Koumba Soumahoro, Clarisse Kouamé-Elogne, Jean-Claude Anné, Soualihou Noufé, Kouakou Christophe N’Guessan, Adèle Kacou-N’Douba, Thomas Hanslik, Mireille Dosso
Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018058.   Published online November 28, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018058
  • 15,089 View
  • 151 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
To describe the emergence of Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) W135 in Côte d’Ivoire and its characteristics compared to NmA.
METHODS
Data on Nm samples isolated at the National Reference Center for meningitis in Côte d’Ivoire between 2007 and 2012 were analyzed. Socio-demographic data and biological information on the samples were extracted from the database. Categorical variables, such as sex and the serotype of the bacteria, were compared using the Fisher exact test, while the distribution of continuous variables, such as age, was compared using the Wilcoxon test.
RESULTS
Among the 175 Nm samples, 57 were NmA, 4 were NmB, 13 were NmC, and 99 were NmW135. The geographical distribution of NmA and NmW135 did not show a significant difference according to age or sex. NmW135 was more common than NmA in the northern health districts of Cote d’Ivoire (85.9 vs. 45.5%; p<0.001). No sample of NmA has been isolated since 2009, while 95% of the type W135 samples were isolated between 2010 and 2012.
CONCLUSIONS
This study highlighted the emergence of NmW135 in Côte d’Ivoire, as well as the simultaneous disappearance of NmA. It is important to improve laboratory-based surveillance of meningitis to assess trends in the circulation of bacteria and to detect the emergence of new serogroups earlier.
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Spatiotemporal dynamics of the oropharyngeal microbiome in a cohort of Ivorian school children
    K. Diallo, K. F. Missa, K. J. Tuo, L. S. Tiemele, A. F. Ouattara, K. D. T. Gboko, B. G. Gragnon, K. B. Bla, J. M. Ngoi, R. J. Wilkinson, G. A. Awandare, B. Bonfoh
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    D.L.H. Koelman, M.C. Brouwer, D. van de Beek
    Clinical Microbiology and Infection.2020; 26(2): 199.     CrossRef
  • Validation of a New Rapid Detection Test for Detection of Neisseria meningitidis A/C/W/X/Y Antigens in Cerebrospinal Fluid
    Cyrille H. Haddar, Aude Terrade, Paul Verhoeven, Berthe-Marie Njanpop-Lafourcade, Mireille Dosso, Fati Sidikou, Ali Elhaj Mahamane, Jean-Pierre Lombart, Aziza Razki, Eva Hong, Alain Agnememel, Evelyne Begaud, Yves Germani, Bruno Pozzetto, Muhamed-Kheir Ta
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  • Epidemiological Characteristics of Meningococcal Meningitis (2016 to 2018) Four Years after the Introduction of Serogroup A Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Benin
    Togbemabou Primous Martial Godjedo, Alidehou Jerrold Agbankpe, Moussiliou Noël Paraiso, Tamegnon Victorien Dougnon, Marie Hidjo, Lamine Baba-Moussa, Honore Bankole
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Original Article
Functional disorders of the lung and symptoms of respiratory disease associated with occupational inhalation exposure to wood dust in Iran
Masoud Neghab, Zeinab Jabari, Fatemeh Kargar Shouroki
Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018031.   Published online July 4, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018031
  • 19,293 View
  • 288 Download
  • 18 Web of Science
  • 21 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The possible adverse respiratory effects of airborne pollutants in sawmills have not been thoroughly investigated in Iran. Additionally, the extent to which workers are exposed to this organic dust and its associated bioaerosols has not been extensively quantified. Likewise, the predominant bacterial and fungal species associated with wood dust have not been characterized. The present study was undertaken to address these issues.
METHODS
One hundred male individuals exposed to wood dust and 100 unexposed male subjects were investigated. They completed a standardized respiratory symptom questionnaire and underwent spirometry testing. Additionally, airborne concentrations of respirable and inhalable dust particles, bacteria, and fungi were measured.
RESULTS
The mean concentrations of inhalable and respirable dust particles, bacteria, and fungi were found to be 2.44, 6.76 mg/m3 , 756.38, and 299.15 colony-forming units/m3 , respectively. The predominant Gram-negative bacteria in the sawmills included the Pseudomonadaceae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Rhinoscleromatis spp., and the predominant fungi consisted of the zygomycetes and Aspergillus spp. Respiratory symptoms were significantly more prevalent among exposed workers. Significant cross-shift decrements were noted in some pulmonary function parameters. Similarly, pre-shift spirometry results indicated that some pulmonary function parameters were significantly lower in the exposed group.
CONCLUSIONS
Exposure to wood dust and its bioaerosols was associated with significantly higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms and both acute (i.e., partially reversible) and chronic (i.e., irreversible) decrements in the functional capacity of the lung. Additionally, the characterized bioaerosols did not differ significantly from those isolated in other parts of the world.
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and associated factors among woodwork workers in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia; a comparative cross-sectional study
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    BMC Pulmonary Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Jill A. Poole, Jose L. Zamora-Sifuentes, Leticia De las Vecillas, Santiago Quirce
    The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice.2024; 12(8): 1960.     CrossRef
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    Marta Dias, Bianca Gomes, Pedro Pena, Renata Cervantes, Sara Gonçalves, Elisabete Carolino, Magdalena Twarużek, Robert Kosicki, Iwona Ałtyn, Liliana Aranha Caetano, Susana Viegas, Carla Viegas
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    Valentina Quintero Santofimio, Andre F. S. Amaral, Johanna Feary, Julia Robinson
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    Augusta Chinyere Nsonwu-Anyanwu, Raymond Ekong Eworo, Unyime Aniekpon Fabian, Uduak Luke, Caroline Chinenyenwa Thomas, Olivia Kamsi Muoka, Unwanaabasi Okon Ufot, Chinyere Adanna Opara Usoro
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    Moeletsi Rathipe, Selepeng France Raphela
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    John Ekman, Philip Quartey, Abdala Mumuni Ussif, Niklas Ricklund, Daniel Lawer Egbenya, Gideon Akuamoah Wiafe, Korantema Mawuena Tsegah, Akua Karikari, Håkan Löfstedt, Francis Tanam Djankpa
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    Nguema PPM
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    Marta Dias, Bianca Gomes, Renata Cervantes, Pedro Pena, Susana Viegas, Carla Viegas
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    Belayneh Jabur, Zemachu Ashuro, Samson Wakuma Abaya
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    Faradilla Nikmah
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Reviews
Antimicrobial properties of nanomolecules: potential candidates as antibiotics in the era of multi-drug resistance
Venkataramana Kandi, Sabitha Kandi
Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015020.   Published online April 17, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015020
  • 27,397 View
  • 323 Download
  • 56 Web of Science
  • 56 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The emergence of multi-drug resistance among various microbial pathogens has been a cause of serious concern to the medical world, limiting the choice of antibiotics. Considering that it may take decades to synthesize new antimicrobial drugs that combat resistant pathogens, the search for alternatives to conventional antimicrobial agents has begun.
METHODS
In his paper we attempted to review the physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles, their modes of action and potential use in medicine and research with special reference to antimicrobial properties.
RESULTS
Nanomolecules and nanoparticles have in recent years been extensively studied for their utility not only as antibiotics but also as vehicles to carry antibiotics or other agents such as cancer chemotherapeutics to target sites and limit damage to host cells.
CONCLUSION
Nanomolecules were positively evaluated for their antimicrobial activities. Anti-biofilm activities of nanoparticles, utility of nanomaterials as carrier agents of drugs signifies their importance in medicine and research.
Summary

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Tularemia, a re-emerging infectious disease in Iran and neighboring countrie
Afsaneh Zargar, Max Maurin, Ehsan Mostafavi
Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015011.   Published online February 22, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015011
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Tularemia is a zoonotic disease transmitted by direct contact with infected animals and through arthropod bites, inhalation of contaminated aerosols, ingestion of contaminated meat or water, and skin contact with any infected material. It is widespread throughout the northern hemisphere, including Iran and its neighbors to the north, northeast, and northwest.
METHODS
In this paper, the epidemiology of tularemia as a re-emerging infectious disease in the world with a focus on Iran and the neighboring countries is reviewed.
RESULTS
In Iran, positive serological tests were first reported in 1973, in wildlife and domestic livestock in the northwestern and southeastern parts of the country. The first human case was reported in 1980 in the southwest of Iran, and recent studies conducted among at-risk populations in the western, southeastern, and southwestern parts of Iran revealed seroprevalences of 14.4, 6.52, and 6%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Several factors may explain the absence of reported tularemia cases in Iran since 1980. Tularemia may be underdiagnosed in Iran because Francisella tularensis subspecies holarctica is likely to be the major etiological agent and usually causes mild to moderately severe disease. Furthermore, tularemia is not a disease extensively studied in the medical educational system in Iran, and empirical therapy may be effective in many cases. Finally, it should be noted that laboratories capable of diagnosing tularemia have only been established in the last few years. Since both recent and older studies have consistently found tularemia antibodies in humans and animals, the surveillance of this disease should receive more attention. In particular, it would be worthwhile for clinical researchers to confirm tularemia cases more often by isolating F. tularensis from infected humans and animals.
Summary

Citations

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Original Article
An Epidemiological Investigation of Bacterial Dysentery Outbreak in Busan(Pusan), 1999.
Hai Rim Shin, Duk Hee Lee, Heung Man Sul, Sang Won Lee, Young Ju Huh
Korean J Epidemiol. 2000;22(2):93-100.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
BACKGROUND
In March 1999, six children who attended a nursery school became ill with acute gastroenteritis by Shigella sonnei. The majority of the children became sick one day after sharing a snack which was served from one of the children's home. By the time the outbreak of dysentery was recognized, the rest of family members of the children became also sick. The nursery school was located in a crowded residential area. EPIDEMIOLOGIC INVESTIGATION: After active and passive surveillance was established on patients with diarrhea, 438 patients were registered. Among them, 252 patients were considered to have simple diarrhea, but the rest (186 patients) suffered from more than three consecutive diarrheas. Shigella sonnei was isolated from 75 patients. The first attack rate was estimated at 50.0%, the second, 25.6%-34.3% and the third, 13.5%. The epidemic lasted for two months spreading further from person to person in the highly populous area. The active surveillance was implemented after the occurrence of the secondary attack of dysentery among the residents, who had no obvious direct contact with people associated with the nursery school.
CONCLUSION
This investigation demonstrates the need for prompt implementation of active surveillance when Shigella infection is recognized in a highly populous city.
Summary
Epidemiol Health : Epidemiology and Health
© Korean Society of Epidemiology.
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