COVID-19: Original Article
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Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 following the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers among patients with hypertension in Korea: a nationwide study
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Ju Hwan Kim, Yeon-Hee Baek, Hyesung Lee, Young June Choe, Hyun Joon Shin, Ju-Young Shin
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Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021004. Published online December 29, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021004
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Abstract
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Recent evidence has shown no harm associated with the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We sought to further clarify the possible association between ACEI/ARB use and the risk of poor clinical outcomes of COVID-19.
METHODS
From the completely enumerated COVID-19 cohort in Korea, we identified 1,290 patients with hypertension, of whom 682 had and 603 did not have records of ACEI/ARB use during the 30-day period before their COVID-19 diagnosis. Our primary endpoint comprised clinical outcomes, including all-cause mortality, use of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit admission, and sepsis. We used inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to mitigate selection bias, and a Poisson regression model to estimate the relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for comparing outcomes between ACEI/ARB users and non-users.
RESULTS
Compared to non-use, ACEI/ARB use was associated with lower clinical outcomes (IPTW-adjusted RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.85; p=0.005). For individual outcomes, ACEI/ARB use was not associated with all-cause mortality (IPTW-adjusted RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.35 to 1.09; p=0.097) or respiratory events (IPTW-adjusted RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.17; p=0.904). Subgroup analysis showed a trend toward a protective role of ACEIs and ARBs against overall outcomes in men (IPTW-adjusted RR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.03; p<sub>interaction</sub>=0.008) and patients with pre-existing respiratory disease (IPTW-adjusted RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.92; p<sub>interaction</sub>=0.002).
CONCLUSIONS
We present clinical evidence to support continuing ACE/ARB use in COVID-19 patients with hypertension based on the completely enumerated Korean cohort.
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Summary
Korean summary
– 코로나-19 검사를 받은 69,793명 중에 코로나-19 양성이며 고혈압이 있는 1,290명을 연구대상자로 선정했으며, 이중 코로나-19 진단일로부터 30일이내에 ACEI 또는 ARB를 사용한 환자는 682명이었음.
– ACEI 또는 ARB 사용은 비사용 대비 사망 또는 폐 관련 질환의 위험과의 관련성이 없었음.
– 하위그룹 분석에서 남성 또는 기저 폐질환 보유 환자에서 ACEI 또는 ARB 사용이 코로나-19 예후 악화를 예방하는 트렌드를 보였음.
Key Message
– Among 69,793 individuals screened for COVID-19, we identified 1,290 patients with hypertension who tested positive, of whom 682 had records of using ACEIs or ARBs in the 30 days before their COVID-19 diagnosis.
– ACEI/ARB use (compared with non-use) was not associated with all-cause mortality or respiratory events.
– A subgroup analysis showed a trend toward a protective role of ACEIs and ARBs against the overall composite endpoint of poor outcomes in men and those with pre-existing respiratory disease.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
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Cardiology Discovery.2021; 1(4): 233. CrossRef