COVID-19: Brief Communication
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Self-reported adverse events after 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccine in Korea
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Yunhyung Kwon
, Insob Hwang
, Mijeong Ko
, Hyungjun Kim
, Seontae Kim
, Soon-Young Seo
, Enhi Cho
, Yeon-Kyeng Lee
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Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023006. Published online December 26, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023006
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
In Korea, a national coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination program was implemented, including 4 vaccines against COVID-19. A text messaging-based survey, in addition to a passive adverse event reporting system, was launched to quickly report unusual symptoms post-vaccination. This study compared the frequency of adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination based on the vaccine type and the type of 2-dose regimen (homologous or heterologous).
METHODS
Self-reported adverse events were collected through a text-message survey for 7 days after each vaccination. This study included 50,950 vaccine recipients who responded to the survey at least once. Informed consent to receive surveys via text was obtained from the vaccine recipients on the date of first vaccination.
RESULTS
The recipients of mRNA vaccines reported local and systemic reactions 1.6 times to 2.8 times more frequently after dose 2 than after dose 1 (p<0.001), whereas ChAdOx1-S recipients reported significantly fewer local and systemic reactions after dose 2 than after dose 1 (p<0.001). Local and systemic reactions were approximately 2 times and 4 times more frequent for heterologous vaccination than for BNT162b2/BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1-S/ChAdOx1-S regimens, respectively. Young individuals, female, and those receiving heterologous vaccine regimens including ChAdOx1-S/BNT162b2 vaccines reported more adverse events than older participants, male, and those with homologous vaccine regimens.
CONCLUSIONS
Although a heterologous regimen, youth, and female sex were associated with a higher risk of adverse reactions after COVID-19 vaccination, no critical issues were noted. Active consideration of heterologous schedules based on the evidence of efficacy and safety appears desirable.
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Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 코로나19 백신 접종 후 7일 동안 문자 설문조사를 통해 50,950명이 자가 보고한 이상반응자료를 분석하였다. mRNA 백신 접종자는1회 접종 후보다 2회 접종 후 국소 이상반응 및 전신이상반응을 1.6~2.8배 더 자주 보고한 반면, ChAdOx1-S 백신 접종자는1회 접종 후 보다 2회 접종 후 이상반응을 더 적게 보고하였다. 동종 백신접종 보다 교차 접종의 경우 2-4배 더 많은 이상반응을 보고 하였다. COVID-19 백신 접종 후 교차접종, 젊은 연령, 여성의 경우 좀 더 많은 이상반응을 보고하였지만,중대한 문제는 보고되지 않았다.
Key Message
Self-reported adverse events were collected through a text-message survey from 50,950 recipients for 7 days after COVID-19 vaccination. The mRNA vaccine recipients reported local and systemic reactions 1.6 to 2.8 times more frequently after dose 2 than after dose 1, whereas ChAdOx1-S recipients reported significantly fewer local and systemic reactions after dose 2 than after dose 1. Local and systemic reactions were approximately 2 to 4 times more frequent for heterologous vaccination than for homologous regimens. Although a heterologous regimen, youth, and female were associated with a higher risk of adverse reac¬tions after COVID-19 vaccination, no critical issues were noted.
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- A Nationwide Survey of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccinee’s Experiences on Adverse Events and Its Associated Factors
Dongwon Yoon, Ha-Lim Jeon, Yunha Noh, Young June Choe, Seung-Ah Choe, Jaehun Jung, Ju-Young Shin
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Original Article
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Differences in accuracy of height, weight, and body mass index between self-reported and measured using the 2018 Korea Community Health Survey data
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Yoonsil Ko
, Sunhye Choi
, Jisoo Won
, Yeon-Kyeng Lee
, Dong-Hyun Kim
, Seon Kui Lee
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Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022024. Published online February 19, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022024
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7,482
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Supplementary Material
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to determine an effective survey method for the accurate calculation of obesity prevalence by comparing the self-reported and measured height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) using the 2018 Korea Community Healthy Survey (CHS) data.
METHODS
Raw data from the 2018 CHS were used to analyze the differences, correlation, and agreement between self-reported and measured height, weight, and BMI.
RESULTS
The self-reported height was over-reported than the measured height (0.59 cm greater for men and 0.71 cm greater for women), while the self-reported weight was under-reported than the measured weight (0.55 kg less for men and 0.67 kg less for women). Subsequently, the self-reported BMI was under-estimated (0.35 kg/m<sup>2</sup> lower for men and 0.49 kg/m<sup>2</sup> lower for women) compared with the measured BMI. The kappa statistic and agreement between measured and self-reported values per BMI category (underweight, normal, overweight, and obesity) were 0.82 and 79.6%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of obesity should be calculated using the measured values provided in the CHS in order to promote local health projects based on accurate evidence.
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Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 2018년 지역사회건강조사 원시자료를 이용하여, 자가보고된 신장, 체중, 그리고 체질량지수 값과 실제 측정한 값 간에 차이를 분석하고 상관성과 일치도를 확인하고자 하였으며, 확인결과 자가보고값 체질량지수는 측정값보다 과소측정(남자의 경우 측정값보다 자가보고값이 0.35kg/m2 낮게, 여자는 0.49kg/m2 낮게 측정)된것을 확인하였다.
Key Message
This study aimed to determine an effective survey method for the accurate calculation of obesity prevalence by comparing the self-reported and measured height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) using the 2018 Community Healthy Survey (CHS) data.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Comparison of self-reported and measured height and weight in patients with psoriasis
Simona Mastroeni, Francesca Sampogna, Claudia Uras, Mara De Angelis, Roberta Fusari, Nidia Melo Salcedo, Sabatino Pallotta, Damiano Abeni
Archives of Dermatological Research.2023; 315(7): 2023. CrossRef - Accuracy of Assessing Weight Status in Adults by Structured Observation
Tânia Jorge, Sofia Sousa, Isabel do Carmo, Nuno Lunet, Patrícia Padrão
Applied Sciences.2023; 13(14): 8185. CrossRef
Data Profile
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Data resource profile: the Korea National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey
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Yeon-Kyeng Lee
, Sung Ok Hong
, Soo-Jung Park
, Mijin Park
, Kyunghae Wang
, Mini Jo
, Jeongah Oh
, Sin Ae Lee
, Hyeon Ju Lee
, Jungeun Oh
, Dosang Lim
, Sanghui Kweon
, Youngtaek Kim
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Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021052. Published online August 17, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021052
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7,042
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The Korea National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey (KNHDIS), which was started in 2005, is a national probability survey of general hospitals in Korea with 100 or more beds conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA). The KNHDIS captures approximately 9% of discharged cases from sampled hospitals using a 2-stage stratified cluster sampling scheme, among which 13% are injury related cases, defined as S00-T98 (injury, poisoning, and certain other consequences of external causes) using International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes. The KNHDIS collects information on characteristics of injury-related discharges in order to understand the scale of injuries, identify risk factors, and provide data supporting prevention policies and intervention strategies. The types of data captured include the hospitals’ information, detailed clinical information, and injury-related codes such as the mechanism, activities undertaken when injured (sports, leisure activities, work, treatment, and education), external causes of the injury, and location of the occurrence of the injury based on the International Classification of External Causes of Injuries. Furthermore, the means of transportation, risk factors for suicide, and toxic substances are recoreded. Annual reports of the KNHDIS are publicly accessible to browse via the KDCA website (http://www.kdca.go.kr) and microdata are available free of charge upon request via email (kcdcinjury@korea.kr).
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Summary
Korean summary
퇴원손상심층조사는 손상발생 규모 및 손상 퇴원환자의 발생 추이를 파악하고자 2005년 도입된국가 단위 통계를 산출하는 표본 조사 사업이다. 본 연구는 퇴원손상심층조사의 표본설계, 조사방법, 조사항목과 함께 그간의 조사결과의 활용도 등 성과에 대해 살펴보았다. 조사결과는 국가 손상예방관리를 위한 기초자료로 활용되고 있으며, 조사 원자료는 공개하고 있다.
Key Message
The Korea National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey (KNHDIS), started in 2005, is a national probability survey of general hospitals in Korea with 100 or more beds conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. The KNHDIS collects information on characteristics of injury-related discharges to understand the scale of injuries, identify risk factors, and provide data supporting prevention policies. The data captured including the hospitals’ information, and injury-related codes based on the International Classification of External Causes of Injuries. Annual reports of the KNHDIS are publicly accessible from KDCA website and microdata are available upon request via email.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Predictive model for early functional outcomes following acute care after traumatic brain injuries: A machine learning-based development and validation study
Meng Zhang, Moning Guo, Zihao Wang, Haimin Liu, Xue Bai, Shengnan Cui, Xiaopeng Guo, Lu Gao, Lingling Gao, Aimin Liao, Bing Xing, Yi Wang
Injury.2023; 54(3): 896. CrossRef - Area-Level Socioeconomic Inequalities in Intracranial Injury-Related Hospitalization in Korea: A Retrospective Analysis of Data From Korea National Hospital Discharge Survey 2008–2015
Hang A Park, Federico E. Vaca, Kyunghee Jung-Choi, Hyesook Park, Ju Ok Park
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - The Association between Comorbidities and Comorbid Injuries on Treatment Outcome in Pediatric and Elderly Patients with Injuries in Korea: An Observational Study
Kyunghee Lee, Jieun Hwang
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(10): 6277. CrossRef
Methods
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Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 20th anniversary: accomplishments and future directions
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Kyungwon Oh
, Yoonjung Kim
, Sanghui Kweon
, Soyeon Kim
, Sungha Yun
, Suyeon Park
, Yeon-Kyeng Lee
, Youngtaek Kim
, Ok Park
, Eun Kyeong Jeong
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Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021025. Published online April 19, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021025
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17,150
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Abstract
The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) was initiated in 1998 to provide evidence for the development and evaluation of health policies and programs. The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency is responsible for the KNHANES and has conducted it as a series of surveys. Over the past 20 years, efforts to produce accurate, timely, and nationwide health statistics have been refined by establishing a continuous annual survey system with full-time field staff, incrementally expanding survey components, collaborating with relevant academic societies for quality control, and revising the survey methods. Additionally, the utility of the collected data was increased by linking the KNHANES data with related data from other government agencies or institutions and making the overall data publicly available on the official website of KNHANES (https://knhanes.kdca.go.kr). Additional long-term plans are being developed, including plans to continue producing nationwide health indicators and invigorating the utilization of the KNHANES data.
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Summary
Korean summary
국민건강영양조사는 국민건강증진법제16조에 근거하여 1998년부터 우리 국민의 건강수준, 건강행태, 식품 및 영양소 섭취 실태에 대한 국가단위 통계를 산출하는 조사사업이다. 본 연구에서는 건강지표 생산 확대, 조사 자료 활용도 향상 등 20년간의 성과를 요약하고 사회환경과 조사여건 변화를 반영한 건강통계 생산의 발전 방안을 제시하였다.
Key Message
The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) is an ongoing surveillance system that was initiated in 1998 based on Ar¬ticle 16 of the National Health Promotion Act to produce nationwide statistics regarding the health status, health behaviors, and food and nutrient consumption of the Korean population. In this study, the 20-year accomplishments of the KNHANES including vigorous production of health indicators and improvement of data utilization are summarized, and future plans are presented to improve the health statistics to reflect changes in the social and survey environments.
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Original Article
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Main results of the Korea National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey, 2004-2016
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Sung Ok Hong
, Boae Kim
, Joongho Jo
, Yunhyung Kwon
, Yeon-Kyeng Lee
, Youngtaek Kim
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Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020044. Published online June 20, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020044
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Abstract
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of injuries and to identify their causes by classifying injuries according to various categories including age, sex, mechanism of injury, body parts injured, and place of injury.
METHODS
This study used data from the Korea National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey (KNHDIS) from 2004 to 2016. The KNHDIS is conducted annually by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and its survey population includes all hospitalized patients discharged from medical institutions that have 100 or more beds, such as hospitals, general hospitals, and secondary community health centers. The number of injured cases is weighted and estimated using the mid-year estimated population of each year.
RESULTS
The injury discharge rate steadily increased since 2004 (1,505 per 100,000 population in 2004, 2,007 per 100,000 population in 2016) and most injuries were unintentional (annual average of 94.7%). On average, during the 13-year study period, the injury rate for males was 1.5 times as high as for females. The 2 main causes of injury were consistently traffic accidents and falls. Notably, the rate of injuries resulting from falls rose by 1.7-fold from 463 to 792 per 100,000 people, and exceeded the rate of traffic accidents in 2016.
CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of injuries steadily increased after the survey was first conducted, whereas mortality resulting from injuries mostly remained unchanged. This suggests that effective strategies and interventions should be reinforced to reduce unintentional injuries.
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Summary
Korean summary
질병관리본부가 2005년부터 구축하여 운영 중에 있는 퇴원손상심층조사의 연도별 조사자료를 분석한 결과 10만명당 손상발생규모는 2004년 1,505명에서 2016년 2,007명으로 지속적으로 증가하였다. 이러한 꾸준한 증가 추세는, 손상으로 인한 사망률은 감소하였을지라도 손상 예방을 위한 효과적인 정책과 전략, 지속적인 모니터링이 필요성을 제시한다.
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Citations
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