OBJECTIVES Unhealthy dietary patterns are the most important changeable risk factors for breast cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer among under-50 year women in the west of Iran.
METHODS
All women under 50 years old with pathologically confirmed breast cancer between 2013 and 2015 who were referred to oncology clinics in the west of Iran, and 408 under-50 women referred to other outpatient clinics who were without breast or other cancers at the time of the study and 2 years later were selected as the control group. The data were collected using the middle-aged periodical care form of the Iranian Ministry of Health and analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression in Stata.
RESULTS
The most powerful risk factor for breast cancer was fried foods; the odds ratio of consuming fried foods more than once a month for breast cancer was 4.5 (95% confidence interval, 2.1 to 9.4). A dose-response model indicated that increasing vegetable and fruit consumption up to 90 servings per month decreased the odds of breast cancer, but consuming more than 90 servings per month increased the risk.
CONCLUSIONS
Inadequate consumption of vegetables and consumption of soft drinks, industrially produced juices, fried foods, and sweets were identified as risk factors for breast cancer. In response to these findings, it is necessary to raise awareness and to provide education about healthy diets and the need to change unhealthy dietary patterns.
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Dietary patterns, cooking methods and breast cancer risk in Mexico: An exploratory case-control study Elisa Pineda, María I. Ortega-Vélez, Martin Preciado-Rodríguez, Socorro Saucedo-Tamayo, Graciela Caire-Juvera Nutrition and Health.2024; 30(2): 349. CrossRef
Association of microRNA-21 expression with breast cancer subtypes and its potential as an early biomarker Sau Har Lee, Brianna Pathology - Research and Practice.2024; 254: 155073. CrossRef
Modifiable risk factors for cancer in the middle East and North Africa: a scoping review Razan Mansour, Abdallah Al-Ani, Maysa Al-Hussaini, Hikmat Abdel-Razeq, Akram Al-Ibraheem, Asem H. Mansour BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The impact of BMI on breast cancer – an updated systematic review and meta-analysis Nikolaos Tzenios, Mary E. Tazanios, Mohamed Chahine Medicine.2024; 103(5): e36831. CrossRef
Eating behaviors and physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: Experiences of breast cancer patients on adjuvant hormonal therapy Marija Paunovic, Danijela Ristic-Medic, Aleksandra Arsic, Snjezana Petrovic, Predrag Krstic, Milica Kojadinovic, Vesna Vucic Vojnosanitetski pregled.2024; 81(5): 279. CrossRef
Assessing nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards breast cancer prevention among female students at the Federal University of Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria Ibiwumi Damaris Kolawole, Oni Kunle, Kayode Ajayi, Thomas Prates Ong Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of BMI on survival outcome of breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis Yu-huan Kong, Jing-yi Huang, Ye Ding, Shu-hua Chen, Qiu-shuang Li, Yang Xiong Clinical and Translational Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Lifestyle and Reproductive Factors Associated with Risk of Breast Cancer in Asian Women Boon Hong Ang, Soo-Hwang Teo, Weang-Kee Ho Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.2024; 33(10): 1273. CrossRef
Association between empirically derived nutrient patterns and breast cancer: a case–control study in a Middle Eastern country Farimah Dehghani, Bahareh Sasanfar, Fatemeh Toorang, Kazem Zendehdel, Amin Salehi-Abargouei BMC Nutrition.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Associations of the Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) and the risk of Breast Cancer (BrCa): a case–control study Navideh Khodadadi, Mohammad Hassan Sohouli, Mojtaba Ghadiani, Hamid Rezvani, Mahdi Tabarraee, Hamid Reza Ahadi, Sina Salari, Hamide Rahmani Seraji BMC Women's Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of food groups and dietary pattern with breast cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis Sangah Shin, Jialei Fu, Woo-Kyoung Shin, Dan Huang, Sukhong Min, Daehee Kang Clinical Nutrition.2023; 42(3): 282. CrossRef
Dietary patterns and breast cancer risk, prognosis, and quality of life: A systematic review Yuan Bu, Junchao Qu, Siqi Ji, Jingxin Zhou, Mengxin Xue, Jiling Qu, Huiping Sun, Yongbing Liu Frontiers in Nutrition.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Dietary Heat-Treatment Contaminants Exposure and Cancer: A Case Study from Turkey Hilal Pekmezci, Burhan Basaran Foods.2023; 12(12): 2320. CrossRef
The importance of SOCS1 − 1478 CA/del polymorphism and expression in breast cancer: a case–control study in the north of Iran Habibbullah Paeiz, Zivar Salehi, Farhad Mashayekhi, Hamid Saeidi Saedi, Laleh Mirzanejad Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2023; 202(2): 389. CrossRef
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) Synergistically Enhances Paclitaxel Activity in Ovarian Cancer Cells Anna Kleczka, Radosław Dzik, Agata Kabała-Dzik Molecules.2023; 28(15): 5813. CrossRef
Investigation of Breast Cancer Risk Factors in the Imam Hossein and Shohada-E Tajrish Hospitals of Tehran in 2019–2022: A case–control study Hanieh Bayat, Sima Nazarpour, Robab Anbiaee SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Menopoz-Sonrası Dönemde Meme Kanseri Gelişiminde Beslenme Alışkanlıkları ve Yaşam Kalitesi Etkili mi? Burçak ÇUBUKÇU, Fatma TAYHAN KARTAL, Gözde EDE Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2023; 12(3): 1301. CrossRef
A clinical-radiomics nomogram based on multimodal ultrasound for predicting the malignancy risk in solid hypoechoic breast lesions Guo Shiyan, Jiang Liqing, Yan Yueqiong, Zhang Yan Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Current status and prospect of ZIF-based materials for breast cancer treatment Yana Zeng, Donghui Liao, Xiangyang Kong, Qianying Huang, Muyi Zhong, Jianqiang Liu, Alireza Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, Ying Pan, Hailiang Song Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces.2023; 232: 113612. CrossRef
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory markers and total antioxidant capacity in breast cancer women using a machine learning technique Marzieh Tahmasebi, Masoud Veissi, Seyed Ahmad Hosseini, Amir Jamshidnezhad Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy.2023; : 1059. CrossRef
Dietary pattern and other factors of breast cancer among women: a case control study in Northwest Ethiopia Hiwot Fentie, Peter Austin Morton Ntenda, Fentanesh Nibret Tiruneh BMC Cancer.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Exploring the geospatial epidemiology of breast cancer in Iran: identifying significant risk factors and spatial patterns for evidence-based prevention strategies Mohsen Soleimani, Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh, Ahmad Jalilvand, Marjan Ghazisaeedi BMC Cancer.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Application of Whole-Process Case Management in Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Yunyan Zhao, Ran Zhu, Jie Bai, Jie Li, Xue Jia, Peng Wang, Lijun Jin, Wei long Zhong Journal of Oncology.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Age-specific incidence rates of breast cancer among Japanese women increasing in a conspicuous bimodal distribution pattern Nanami Tokutake, Riona Ushiyama, Kyoka Matsubayashi, Yuji Aoki Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare.2021; 30(2): 166. CrossRef
Consumption of Sweet Beverages and Cancer Risk. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies Fjorida Llaha, Mercedes Gil-Lespinard, Pelin Unal, Izar de Villasante, Jazmín Castañeda, Raul Zamora-Ros Nutrients.2021; 13(2): 516. CrossRef
The association between plant-based dietary patterns and risk of breast cancer: a case–control study Somaye Rigi, Seyed Mohammad Mousavi, Sanaz Benisi-Kohansal, Leila Azadbakht, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Preventive measures against development of breast cancer Yu. V. Vykhristyuk, G. E. Roitberg, J. V. Dorosh, N. V. Karaseva, R. A. Akobova South Russian Journal of Cancer.2021; 2(1): 50. CrossRef
Association between dietary phytochemical index and breast cancer: a case–control study Seyed Mojtaba Ghoreishy, Azadeh Aminianfar, Sanaz Benisi-Kohansal, Leila Azadbakht, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh Breast Cancer.2021; 28(6): 1283. CrossRef
The Benefit of Enhanced Daycare of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Cancer Treatment Related Adverse Events: A Retrospective Study of Medical Records Hsiu-An Wu, Chien-Hung Chen, Ming-Hsien Hsieh, Yung-Chang Wu, Jung-Peng Chiu, Chien-Jung Huang, Chung-Hua Hsu Integrative Cancer Therapies.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Differential effects of phenolic extracts from red‐fleshed apple peels and flesh induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cells Cui Xia Li, Zhen Xian Lin, Xian Hua Zhao, Wei Fang Zuo, Nan Wang, Zong Ying Zhang, Xue Sen Chen Journal of Food Science.2021; 86(9): 4209. CrossRef
Evaluation of the Effects of Different Dietary Patterns on Breast Cancer: Monitoring Circulating Tumor Cells Xiuxiu Wang, Xiaoyu Liu, Zhenzhen Jia, Yilun Zhang, Shuo Wang, Hongyan Zhang Foods.2021; 10(9): 2223. CrossRef
The association between adherence to MIND diet and risk of breast cancer: A case–control study Fatemeh Sheikhhossein, Hossein Imani, Mohammad Reza Amini, Fatemeh Hosseini, Sakineh Shab‐Bidar International Journal of Clinical Practice.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors affecting health services strategic purchasing for breast cancer patients: a mixed study in Iran Samereh Yaghoubian, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Zeynab Farhadi, Ghahraman Mahmoudi Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Consumption of Whole-Wheat Breads on FBS, HbA1c, and Blood Lipids in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Javad Nazari, Nasrin Yadegari, Sousan Khodam, Amir Almasi-Hashian, Saeed Amini Preventive Nutrition and Food Science.2021; 26(3): 269. CrossRef
Dietary Patterns and Risk of Invasive Ductal and Lobular Breast Carcinomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Mostafa Dianatinasab, Marjan Rezaian, Elmira HaghighatNezad, Zahra Bagheri-Hosseinabadi, Sasan Amanat, Shahab Rezaeian, Alireza Masoudi, Reza Ghiasvand Clinical Breast Cancer.2020; 20(4): e516. CrossRef
Preprocessing Breast Cancer Data to Improve the Data Quality, Diagnosis Procedure, and Medical Care Services Zeinab Sajjadnia, Raof Khayami, Mohammad Reza Moosavi Cancer Informatics.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Breast cancer risk factors in Iran: a systematic review & meta-analysis Amir Shamshirian, Keyvan Heydari, Zahra Shams, Amir Reza Aref, Danial Shamshirian, Omid Reza Tamtaji, Zatollah Asemi, Layla Shojaie, Hamed Mirzaei, Neda Mohammadi, Behdad Zibaee, Keyvan Karimifar, Bahman Zarandi, Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Reza Alizadeh-N Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation.2020;[Epub] CrossRef