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Volume 37; 2015
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Original Article
Changes in seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and epidemiologic characteristics in the Republic of Korea, 1998-2013
Hyerin Lee, Hyungmin Lee, Yumi Cho, Kyungwon Oh, Moran Ki
Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015055.   Published online December 23, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015055
  • 14,192 View
  • 251 Download
  • 13 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated changes in hepatitis B seroprevalence from 1998 to 2013, and to identify differences in epidemiologic characteristics between hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive and HBsAg-negative people.
METHODS
HBsAg seropositive rates were compared by year, sex, and age using the blood test data from the periods I to VI (1998-2013) of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Interviews and self-administered surveys were conducted to collect data on health behavior, quality of life, comorbidities, and health care utilization.
RESULTS
HBsAg seropositive rates in the Republic of Korea decreased from 4.6% in 1998 to 2.9% in 2008, and then remained the same for the next five years. While seropositive rates by age were the highest at 35 to 39 years of age in 1998, it peaked at 50 to 54 years of age in 2013. HBsAg-positive people showed high values from two liver function tests, including glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and the prevalence rates of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer were also significantly high. Indices for health behavior and quality of life showed no significant differences between HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative people.
CONCLUSIONS
While HBsAg seropositive rates tended to decline after 1998, there have been no significant changes over the most recent five years. We should focus on treatment of existing hepatitis B patients along with immunization programmes to prevent new hepatitis B infections. In addition, it may be necessary to encourage HBsAg-positive people to follow healthier life-styles in order to prevent further progression of hepatitis B to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Summary
Korean summary
한국 국민건강영양조사 자료로 본 HBsAg 양성률은 1998 년 4.6%에서 2008 년에 2.9%로 감소한 이후 5 년간 증감없이 2013 년에 2.9%로 나타났다. 한국 HBsAg 양성률을 더욱 감소시키기 위해서는 예방접종사업뿐 아니라 B형 간염 환자 치료를 보다 적극적으로 해야 될 것으로 보인다. 또한 HBsAg 양성자는 간경화나 간암 예방을 위해 건강한 생활습관을 가지도록 노력하는 것이 필요하다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Shifting Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Far Eastern and Southeast Asian Patients: Explanations and Implications
    Nguyen H. Tran
    Current Oncology Reports.2022; 24(2): 187.     CrossRef
  • Proportion of People Who Are Positive for HBsAg and Anti-HCV Antibody Among Participants in a Community Screening Campaign in Malaysia
    Zhuo-Zhi Lim, Jau Shya Teo, Ah Choon Tan, Teck-Onn Lim
    Hepatitis Monthly.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Martin C. S. Wong, Jason L. W. Huang, Jacob George, Junjie Huang, Colette Leung, Mohammed Eslam, Henry L. Y. Chan, Siew C. Ng
    Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2019; 16(1): 57.     CrossRef
  • Incidence and Overall Survival of Biliary Tract Cancers in South Korea from 2006 to 2015: Using the National Health Information Database
    Byung-Woo Kim, Chang-Mo Oh, Hwa Young Choi, Joong-Won Park, Hyunsoon Cho, Moran Ki
    Gut and Liver.2019; 13(1): 104.     CrossRef
  • Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Liver Disease
    So-Ryoung Lee, Hyun-Jung Lee, Eue-Keun Choi, Kyung-Do Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Myung-Jin Cha, Seil Oh, Gregory Y.H. Lip
    Journal of the American College of Cardiology.2019; 73(25): 3295.     CrossRef
  • Negative Association of Hepatitis B Virus With Hearing Impairment
    SKM Azizul Islam, Jin Wook Chung, Young-Sil Lee, HoChan Cho, Seong-Su Moon
    American Journal of Audiology.2018; 27(3): 324.     CrossRef
  • Response to hepatitis B vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective observational study in Korea
    Ji Young Chang, Sung-Ae Jung, Chang Mo Moon, Seong-Eun Kim, Hye-Kyung Jung, Ki-Nam Shim
    Intestinal Research.2018; 16(4): 599.     CrossRef
  • Recognition criteria for occupational cancers in relation to hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in Korea
    Hogil Kim, Yun Kyung Chung, Inah Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Identification of Novel A2/C2 Inter-Genotype Recombinants of Hepatitis B Virus from a Korean Chronic Patient Co-Infected with Both Genotype A2 and C2
    So-Young Lee, Seung-Hee Lee, Ji-Eun Kim, Hong Kim, Kijeong Kim, Yoon-Hoh Kook, Bum-Joon Kim
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2017; 18(4): 737.     CrossRef
MERS-Epidemiologic Investigation
Epidemiological investigation of the 119th confirmed Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus case with an indefinite mode of transmission during the Pyeongtaek outbreak in Korea
Jong Hyuk Choi, Byoungin Yoo, Soon Young Lee, Eun Gyu Lee, Moran Ki, Woncheol Lee, Jong Rak Jung, Kyujin Chang
Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015054.   Published online December 10, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015054
  • 16,645 View
  • 223 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
Since the first case was diagnosed on May 20, 2015, there were 186 confirmed cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) until the end of outbreak in South Korea. Although medical institutions were the most identifiable sources of MERS transmission in South Korea, similar to other countries, in-depth epidemiological investigation was required for some confirmed cases with indefinite contact history or hospital visit records. The subject of epidemiological investigation in the present study was a 35 year-old male patient diagnosed with MERS (#119) who lived in Asan-city and worked in Pyeongtaek-city. Various potential sources of transmission were carefully investigated. While he could have been exposed to MERS through a friend from Saudi Arabia or confirmed MERS cases in his workplace, neighboring areas, and medical institutions, as well as contacts in his home, the chances of transmission were low; however, the potential for transmission through his local community could not be excluded. Practically, it was difficult to determine the modes of transmission for all outbreak cases in communicable disease that occurred in this short period of time. The investigation to identify the mode of transmission in this case was ultimately unsuccessful. However, the various data collected and analyzed to reveal modes of transmission provided detailed information that could not be collected using only interview surveys.
Summary
Korean summary
2015년 한국에서 유행한 메르스 환자들 중, 감염 경로가 불분명한 119번째 환자에 대한 심층 역학조사를 통해 다양한 감염경로의 가능성을 검토하였다. 감염경로를 명확하게 밝혀내지 못한 한계점이 있지만, 지역사회 전파에 대한 가능성을 제시하였다. 감염병 대유행시 효율적인 감염경로 파악을 위해서는 다방면의 자료에 대한 확보체계와 이를 신속히 분석하고 판단할 수 있는 전문 인력 확충이 필요하다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A database of geopositioned Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus occurrences
    Rebecca E. Ramshaw, Ian D. Letourneau, Amy Y. Hong, Julia Hon, Julia D. Morgan, Joshua C. P. Osborne, Shreya Shirude, Maria D. Van Kerkhove, Simon I. Hay, David M. Pigott
    Scientific Data.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
Editorial
A new strategy for tuberculosis control in North Korea
Young-jeon Shin, Moran Ki, Nackmoon Sung
Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015053.   Published online November 22, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015053
  • 15,939 View
  • 221 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the most prevalent diseases in North Korea. Despite some positive accomplishments by current aid projects, it is still necessary to investigate the existing aid system. The following are necessary for improvement: sustaining a high degree of expertise, cooperation among various related parties including the international community, mediation to induce this cooperation, a more active role of the South Korean government, and encouragement of North Korea to more actively participate. Achieving these will help solve the issues of current tuberculosis aid projects in North Korea and lead to more successful outcomes.
Summary
Korean summary
결핵은 북한의 주요 질병 중 하나이다. 기존 사업이 이루어낸 일부 긍정적인 성과에도 불구하고 북한 결핵사업의 문제들을 해결하고 성공적인 성과를 거두기 위해서는 기존 지원체계에 대한 반성과 함께 고도 전문성의 지속유지, 국제사회를 포함한 다양한 관련자들간의 협력, 이러한 협력을 이끌어낼 수 있는 조정능력, 남한정부의 보다 적극적인 역할, 북한 당사자의 참여유도가 필요하다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Towards Understanding Tuberculosis-Related Issues in North Korea: A Narrative Review of North Korean Literature
    Chang-Jun Lee, Sungwhan Lee, Hee-Jin Kim, Young Ae Kang
    Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2020; 83(3): 201.     CrossRef
  • An Analysis of Infectious Disease Research Trends in Medical Journals From North Korea
    Do-Hyeon Park, Min-Ho Choi, Ah-Young Lim, Hee Young Shin
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2018; 51(2): 109.     CrossRef
Review
Human papillomavirus infection and risk of lung cancer in never-smokers and women: an ‘adaptive’ meta-analysis
Jong-Myon Bae, Eun Hee Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015052.   Published online November 17, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015052
  • 17,231 View
  • 189 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 13 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The incidence of lung cancer in Koreans is increasing in women and in both men and women with a never-smoking history. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been suggested as a modifiable risk factor of lung cancer in never-smokers and women (LCNSW). This systematic review (SR) aimed to evaluate an association between HPV infection and lung cancer risk in LCNSW.
METHODS
Based on a prior SR and some expert reviews, we identified refereed, cited, or related articles using the PubMed and Scopus databases. All case-control studies that reported the odds ratio of HPV infection in LCNSW were selected. An estimate of the summary odds ratio (SOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated.
RESULTS
A total of four case-control studies were included. The fixed-effect model was applied because of homogeneity (I-squared=0.0%). The SORs in women and in never-smokers were 5.32 (95% CI, 1.75 to 16.17) and 4.78 (2.25 to 10.15) respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
These results showed a significant effect of HPV infection in LCNSW. It is evident that developing a preventive plan against LCNSW may be necessary.
Summary

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MERS-Letter
Lessons learned from new emerging infectious disease, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus outbreak in Korea
Joung Soon Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015051.   Published online November 17, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015051
  • 53,399 View
  • 191 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
Summary
Korean summary
어떤 새로운 전염성 병원체가 침입할지 모르는 상황에서 모든 보건 의료계 전문가들은 눈을 크게 뜨고 감시를 게을리 하지 말아야 하며 사태가 발생하면 즉각 우리가 알고 있는 관리 원칙에 입각하여 기관간, 전문분야간, 지역간 원활한 협동 하에 지식과 기술을 발휘하여 과감히 조처해야한다. 전염병관리는 전쟁과 같아서 순간의 머뭇거림이 승패를 결정하므로 이번 메르스의 경우처럼 작은 이기적 이해 때문에 머뭇거리다 실기하여 수십 배의 손실을 초래할 수도 있음을 명심해야 한다.

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Original Article
Tularemia and plague survey in rodents in an earthquake zone in southeastern Iran
Behzad Pourhossein, Saber Esmaeili, Miklós Gyuranecz, Ehsan Mostafavi
Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015050.   Published online November 17, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015050
  • 14,537 View
  • 124 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 18 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Earthquakes are one the most common natural disasters that lead to increased mortality and morbidity from transmissible diseases, partially because the rodents displaced by an earthquake can lead to an increased rate of disease transmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of plague and tularemia in rodents in the earthquake zones in southeastern Iran.
METHODS
In April 2013, a research team was dispatched to explore the possible presence of diseases in rodents displaced by a recent earthquake magnitude 7.7 around the cities of Khash and Saravan in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. Rodents were trapped near and in the earthquake zone, in a location where an outbreak of tularemia was reported in 2007. Rodent serums were tested for a serological survey using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS
In the 13 areas that were studied, nine rodents were caught over a total of 200 trap-days. Fortyeight fleas and 10 ticks were obtained from the rodents. The ticks were from the Hyalomma genus and the fleas were from the Xenopsylla genus. All the trapped rodents were Tatera indica. Serological results were negative for plague, but the serum agglutination test was positive for tularemia in one of the rodents. Tatera indica has never been previously documented to be involved in the transmission of tularemia.
CONCLUSIONS
No evidence of the plague cycle was found in the rodents of the area, but evidence was found of tularemia infection in rodents, as demonstrated by a positive serological test for tularemia in one rodent.
Summary

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MERS-Epidemiologic Investigation
The first case of the 2015 Korean Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak
Yong-Shik Park, Changhwan Lee, Kyung Min Kim, Seung Woo Kim, Keon-Joo Lee, Jungmo Ahn, Moran Ki
Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015049.   Published online November 14, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015049
  • 17,380 View
  • 186 Download
  • 22 Web of Science
  • 28 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
This study reviewed problems in the prevention of outbreak and spread of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and aimed to provide assistance in establishing policies to prevent and manage future outbreaks of novel infectious diseases of foreign origin via in-depth epidemiological investigation of the patient who initiated the MERS outbreak in Korea, 2015. Personal and phone interviews were conducted with the patient and his guardians, and his activities in Saudi Arabia were investigated with the help of the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health. Clinical courses and test results were confirmed from the medical records. The patient visited 4 medical facilities and contacted 742 people between May 11, 2015, at symptom onset, and May 20, at admission to the National Medical Center; 28 people were infected and diagnosed with MERS thereafter. Valuable lessons learned included: (1) epidemiological knowledge on the MERS transmission pattern and medical knowledge on its clinical course; (2) improvement of epidemiological investigative methods via closed-circuit television, global positioning system tracking, and review of Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service records; (3) problems revealed in the existing preventive techniques, including early determination of the various people contacted; (4) experiences with preventive methods used for the first time in Korea, including cohort quarantine; (5) reconsideration of the management systems for infectious disease outbreaks across the country, such as this case, at the levels of central government, local government, and the public; (6) reconsideration of hospital infectious disease management systems, culture involving patient visitation, and emergency room environments.
Summary
Korean summary
2015년 한국 메르스 유행의 발단이 된 첫 번째 환자의 역학조사를 통해 신종감염병의 국내 유입 경위 및 유행확산을 막기 위한 대응 과정의 문제점을 되짚어 보았다. 이를 통해 향후 신종감염병의 국내유입을 막기 위한 대비, 대응 정책 수립에 도움이 되길 바라며 이번 메르스 유행이 한국의 병원감염 관리 수준이 향상되는 계기가 되어야 할 것이다.

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Original Article
Epidemiological evaluation quality of life in patients suffering from early rheumatoid arthritis: a pragmatic, prospective, randomized, blind allocation controlled of a modular program group intervention
Hadi Yousefi, Arvind Chopra, Rez Farrokhseresht, Sanjeev Sarmukaddam, Fariba Asadi Noghabi, Nilima Bedekar, Abdolhosain Madani
Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015048.   Published online November 5, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015048
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Epidemiology has taken on new roles in the management of health care services. In this study, we developed a non-pharmacological self-management modular program group intervention and evaluated its efficacy as an adjunct therapy in patients suffering from early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Patients were randomized to either participate in a non-equivalent intervention group along with the standard of care or only receive standard-of-care treatment at a community rheumatology center. The outcomes measured were a pain visual analog scale (VAS), patient general health (GH) on a VAS, and the Short Form-36 Version 2 (SF-36v2) scale measuring quality of life. These parameters were evaluated in the first week to obtain baseline values, and at 20, 32, 48, and 60 weeks to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention group. RESULTS: The patients were randomized, with 100 patients in the intervention group and 106 in the control group. The intervention and control groups were similar with regard to the percentage of women (86% vs. 89.6%), tobacco usage (25% vs. 19.8%), mean age (42.6±13.2 years vs. 46.6±10.9 years), and disease duration (15.3±6.7 months vs. 14.5±6.6 months). The mean outcomes were significantly different between the two groups, and post-hoc pairwise analysis demonstrated significant deterioration in the control group in contrast to improvement in the intervention group at the second, third, fourth, and fifth evaluations. Improvements were often seen as early as the 12-week and 24-week follow-up visits. CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiology contributes to the evaluation of how well specific therapies or other health interventions prevent or control health problems. The modular program group intervention implemented in this study appears to be a suitable and feasible method to facilitate much more comprehensive management of early RA in socioeconomically challenged communities.
Summary

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  • The Effects of Patient Education on Psychological Status and Clinical Outcomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Zugui Wu, Yue Zhu, Yi Wang, Rui Zhou, Xiangling Ye, Zehua Chen, Congcong Li, Junyi Li, Zixuan Ye, Zhenbang Wang, Wengang Liu, Xuemeng Xu
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Hypothesis
Modifiable risk factors of lung cancer in “never-smoker” women
Jong-Myon Bae
Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015047.   Published online October 29, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015047
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
Korean women with a history of never smoking and with adenocarcinoma showed an increasing trend in lung cancer occurrence during 2002 to 2012. The two modifiable factors of never-smoker lung cancer in women are hormone and oncogenic virus infection. Based on previous studies, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection might afford protection or be a risk factor, respectively. It is necessary to perform a pooled analysis of cohort studies to evaluate HRT and never-smoker lung cancer in women and a systematic review of case-control studies to determine the association between HPV infection and never-smoker lung cancer.
Summary
Korean summary
2002년에서 2012년간 폐암 통계를 살펴보면 비흡연 여성에서 선암종의 발생이 크게 증가하는 것으로 확인된다. 이렇게 여성에서 비흡연 폐암발생과 관련한 요인들로는 호르몬 대체요법 (HRT)과 인유두종바이러스 (HPV) 감염이 알려져 있다. 환자-대조군연구를 이용한 메타분석에 따르면 호르몬대체요법은 폐암발생을 억제하는 것으로 나왔다. HPV에 대한 메타분석은 아직 없는 가운데 위험요인으로 의심하고 있다. 따라서 HRT에 대하여는 코호트 연구 결과를 이용한 연합분석 (pooled analysis)이 필요하며, HPV에 대하여는 환자-대조군연구 결과를 이용한 메타분석이 수행될 필요가 있다.

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Original Articles
Community mental health status six months after the Sewol ferry disaster in Ansan, Korea
Hee Jung Yang, Hae Kwan Cheong, Bo Youl Choi, Min-Ho Shin, Hyeon Woo Yim, Dong-Hyun Kim, Gawon Kim, Soon Young Lee
Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015046.   Published online October 23, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015046
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The disaster of the Sewol ferry that sank at sea off Korea’s southern coast of the Yellow Sea on April 16, 2014 was a tragedy that brought grief and despair to the whole country. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mental health effects of this disaster on the community of Ansan, where most victims and survivors resided.
METHODS
The self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted 4 to 6 months after the accident using the Korean Community Health Survey system, an annual nationwide cross-sectional survey. Subjects were 7,076 adults (≥19 years) living in two victimized communities in Ansan, four control communities from Gyeonggi-do, Jindo and Haenam near the accident site. Depression, stress, somatic symptoms, anxiety, and suicidal ideation were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument, Patient Health Questionnaire-15, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale, respectively.
RESULTS
The depression rate among the respondents from Ansan was 11.8%, and 18.4% reported suicidal ideation. Prevalence of other psychiatric disturbances was also higher compared with the other areas. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed significantly higher odds ratios (ORs) in depression (1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36 to 2.04), stress (1.37; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.71), somatic symptoms (1.31; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.58), anxiety (1.82; 95% CI, 1.39 to 2.39), and suicidal ideation (1.33; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.56) compared with Gyeonggi-do. In contrast, the accident areas of Jindo and Haenam showed the lowest prevalence and ORs.
CONCLUSIONS
Residents in the victimized area of Ansan had a significantly higher prevalence of psychiatric disturbances than in the control communities.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 2014년 4월 16일 발생한 세월호 침몰 사고가 지역사회의 정신건강 수준에 미친 영향을 평가하기 위해 실시하였다. 2014년 지역사회건강조사를 활용, 사고 후 6개월 시점에 조사를 시행하였다. 대부분의 희생자가 발생한 안산시 대상자의 11.8%가 우울군으로 분류되었으며, 18.4%가 자살생각을 호소하였고, 그 밖의 유병률도 대조 지역에 비해 높았다.

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    Hyunsuk Jeong, Hyeon Woo Yim, Yeong-Jun Song, Moran Ki, Jung-Ah Min, Juhee Cho, Jeong-Ho Chae
    Epidemiology and Health.2016; 38: e2016048.     CrossRef
Test-retest reliability of health behavior items in the Community Health Survey in South Korea
Soo Jeong Kim, Jin A Han, Young Hwa Kim, Bo Youl Choi, Su Young Kim, Hun Je Lee, In Hwan Oh, Sung-il Cho, Jakyoung Lee, Soon Young Lee
Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015045.   Published online October 20, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015045
  • 18,600 View
  • 143 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Responses to health-related items on the Community Health Survey (CHS) provide evidence that is used to develop community-based health policy. This study aimed to assess the test-retest reliability of selected health behavioral items on the CHS according to item category, response period, and response scale.
METHODS
A sample of 159 men and women 20 to 69 years of age participated in a test-retest with an interval of 14 to 21 days. A total of 28 items relating to smoking, alcohol consumption, diet and weight control, and mental health were selected. We evaluated the test-retest reliability of the items using kappa statistics.
RESULTS
Kappa values ranged from 0.44 to 0.93. Items concerning habits had higher kappa values (mean, 0.7; standard error, 0.05) than items concerning awareness or attitudes (p=0.012). The kappa value of items with two- to four-point scales was 0.63, which was higher than the value of 0.59 for items with scales involving five or more points, although this difference was not statistically significant. Different kappa values were observed for each reference period, but no statistically significant differences were noted.
CONCLUSIONS
The test-retest reliability of the CHS items that we studied was associated with item category. Further study of the relationship between item category and reliability in domains other than health behaviors is required.
Summary
Korean summary
이 연구는 지역사회건강조사의 건강행태 문항 중 28개 문항에 대하여 문항의 특성, 준거기간, 보기의 척도에 따라 조사-재조사 신뢰도의 차이를 분석하였다. 전체 문항의 카파값의 범위는 0.44-0.93이었다. 문항의 특성별로는 인지 또는 태도에 비해 습관에 관한 문항의 신뢰도가 높았으며, 보기의 척도가 5점 척도 이상에 비해 2-4점 척도의 신뢰도가 높음을 확인하였다.

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    Seungmin Jeong, Sung il Cho
    Epidemiology and Health.2017; 39: e2017034.     CrossRef
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    Paul W Winwood, Hayden J Pritchard, Justin WL Keogh
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Risk factors for amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcer in southwest Iran: a matched case-control study
Mohammad Kogani, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Amin Doosti-Irani, Kourosh Holakouie-Naieni
Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015044.   Published online October 5, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015044
  • 18,517 View
  • 284 Download
  • 16 Web of Science
  • 15 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Amputation is a multifactorial complication in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.
METHODS
This matched case-control study was conducted based on new cases of amputation from March 2012 to November 2014. We selected new cases who had undergone amputation, and the control group was chosen from the cities or areas where the cases resided. Each case was matched with two controls based on the duration of diabetes and location. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between potential risk factors and amputation.
RESULTS
A total of 131 cases were compared with 262 controls. The results of the adjusted model showed that sex (odds ratio [OR], 8.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.68 to 27.91), fewer than two hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) tests per year (OR, 13.97; 95% CI, 4.97 to 39.26), unsuitable shoes (OR, 5.50; 95% CI, 2.20 to 13.77), smoking (OR, 3.44; 95% CI, 1.45 to 8.13), and body mass index (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.41) were associated with amputation in diabetic patients.
CONCLUSIONS
The most important factors associated with amputation were females, irregular monitoring of HbA1c levels, improper footwear, and smoking. Developing educational programs and working to ensure a higher quality of care for diabetic patients are necessary steps to address these issues.
Summary

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    Lawrence Sena Tuglo
    International Wound Journal.2023; 20(4): 903.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders.2023; 22(1): 787.     CrossRef
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    Zeinab M. Hassan
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Review
Do the tuberculin skin test and the QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-tube test agree in detecting latent tuberculosis among high-risk contacts? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Erfan Ayubi, Amin Doosti-Irani, Ehsan Mostafavi
Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015043.   Published online October 3, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015043
  • 18,396 View
  • 219 Download
  • 11 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-tube test (QFT-GIT) and the tuberculin skin test (TST) are used to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). However, conclusive evidence regarding the agreement of these two tests among high risk contacts is lacking. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the agreement between the TST and the QFT-GIT using kappa statistics.
METHODS
According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines, scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Ovid were searched using a targeted search strategy to identify relevant studies published as of June 2015. Two researchers reviewed the eligibility of studies and extracted data from them. The pooled kappa estimate was determined using a random effect model. Subgroup analysis, Egger’s test and sensitivity analysis were also performed.
RESULTS
A total of 6,744 articles were retrieved in the initial search, of which 24 studies had data suitable for meta-analysis. The pooled kappa coefficient and prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa were 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34 to 0.45) and 0.45 (95% CI, 0.38 to 0.49), respectively. The results of the subgroup analysis found that age group, quality of the study, location, and the TST cutoff point affected heterogeneity for the kappa estimate. No publication bias was found (Begg’s test, p=0.53; Egger’s test, p=0.32).
CONCLUSIONS
The agreement between the QFT-GIT and the TST in diagnosing LTBI among high-risk contacts was found to range from fair to moderate.
Summary

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Health Statistics
Trends in health-related behaviors of Korean adults: study based on data from the 2008 - 2014 Community Health Surveys
Yang Wha Kang, Yun Sil Ko, Keon Yeop Kim, Changhyun Sung, Dong Han Lee, Eunkyeong Jeong
Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015042.   Published online September 29, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015042
  • 17,595 View
  • 205 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity (multiple risks) often lead to serious health consequence and impaired health status. The purpose of this study was to investigate the trend in health-related behavioral factors over time among adults in South Korea (hereafter Korea). The data of 1,595,842 Koreans older than 19 years who participated in the 2008-2014 Korea Community Health Survey were analyzed to assess the trend in the prevalence of behavioral risk factors. Individual or clustering health-related behaviors were assessed according to sex, age, and region among 228,712 adults who participated in the 2014 survey. From 2008 to 2014, the age-adjusted prevalence of obesity and high-risk alcohol use increased the prevalence of male current smoking and marginally decreased walking ability. Over 7 years, the percentage of adults who reported having all three healthy behaviors (i.e., currently not smoking, not consuming alcohol or having high-risk alcohol use, and engaging in walking) decreased from 35.2% in 2008 to 29.6% in 2014. Increased efforts to emphasize multiple health-related behavioral risk factors, including reducing alcohol use and smoking, and to encourage walking are needed in the thirties and forties age groups in Korea.
Summary
Korean summary
본 논문은 지역사회건강조사를 기반으로 한 우리나라 성인의 지난 7년간 주요건강행태변화와 주요 건강위험요인에 대한 결과를 보여주고 있으며, 각 지역간의 차이를 제시함으로써 지역 보건사업의 필요성을 제시하였다.

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MERS-Original Article
Epidemiologic features of the first MERS outbreak in Korea: focus on Pyeongtaek St. Mary’s Hospital
Kyung Min Kim, Moran Ki, Sung-il Cho, Minki Sung, Jin Kwan Hong, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Jong-Hun Kim, Sang-Eun Lee, Changhwan Lee, Keon-Joo Lee, Yong-Shik Park, Seung Woo Kim, Bo Youl Choi
Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015041.   Published online September 17, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015041
  • 21,962 View
  • 277 Download
  • 30 Web of Science
  • 29 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the epidemiologic features of the confirmed cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Pyeongtaek St. Mary’s Hospital, where the outbreak first began, in order to identify lessons relevant for the prevention and control of future outbreaks.
METHODS
The patients’ clinical symptoms and test results were collected from their medical records. The caregivers of patients were identified by phone calls.
RESULTS
After patient zero (case #1) was admitted to Pyeongtaek St. Mary’s Hospital (May 15-May 17), an outbreak occurred, with 36 cases between May 18 and June 4, 2015. Six patients died (fatality rate, 16.7%). Twenty-six cases occurred in the first-generation, and 10 in the second-generation. The median incubation period was five days, while the median period from symptom onset to death was 12.5 days. While the total attack rate was 3.9%, the attack rate among inpatients was 7.6%, and the inpatients on the eighth floor, where patient zero was hospitalized, had an 18.6% attack rate. In contrast, caregivers and medical staff showed attack rates of 3.3% and 1.1%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The attack rates were higher than those of the previous outbreaks in other countries. The outbreak spread beyond Pyeongtaek St. Mary’s Hospital when four of the patients were moved to other hospitals without appropriate quarantine. The best method of preventing future outbreaks is to overcome the vulnerabilities observed in this outbreak, such as ward crowding, patient migration without appropriate data sharing, and the lack of an initial broad quarantine.
Summary
Korean summary
평택성모병원에서는 총 36명의 메르스 환자가 발생하여 이중 6명이 사망하였다. 또한 평택성모병원 유행의 발병률은 기존에 알려진 것보다 높았다. 한국의 메르스 유행이 시작된 평택성모병원에서 나타난 초기 방역 부족, 적절한 정보공유 없이 환자들이 병원간에 이동하는 것, 혼잡한 병동 문제 등의 감염병 전파 취약점을 극복하는 것이 향후 새로운 감염병 유행을 막을 수 있는 최선의 방법이 될 것이다.

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