Epidemiology and Health

Original Article

Diabetes and prediabetes prevalence among young and middle-aged adults in India, with an analysis of geographic differences: findings from the National Family Health Survey: Siddardha G. Chandrupatla, Isma Khalid, Tejdeep Muthuluri, Satyanarayana Dantala, Mary Tavares; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020065. Published online September 18, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020065

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to approximate the prevalence of hyperglycemia in India.

METHODS

The study was conducted using the Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16 (also known as the National Family Health Survey-4), which surveyed 811,808 individuals using a stratified, multistage, cluster sampling design. This cross-sectional survey recorded socio-demographic and anthropometric data, including blood glucose levels, of adults aged 18 years to 54 years.

RESULTS

The final analysis included 718,597 individuals, of whom 49.90% (weighted) were males. The overall prevalence of diabetes was 6.65% and that of prediabetes was 5.57%. A positive association was seen with urban residence, geographic region, sex, age, body mass index, socioeconomic status, and hypertension. Approximately two-thirds of individuals with diabetes lived in urban areas, and about half of the urban population was considered overweight/obese. South India showed a higher prevalence of diabetes (prevalence ratio, 2.01; p<0.001) than northern India.

CONCLUSIONS

Hyperglycemia (diabetes and prediabetes) has a high prevalence in India and is a major public health issue. Diabetes is unevenly distributed based on geographic location and urbanization. Prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies should consider this uneven distribution of diabetes.

Summary

Citations

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Gestational diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy amongst Asian Indian women: Evidence for poor pregnancy outcomes despite treatment
John Punnose, Rajeev Kumar Malhotra, Komal Sukhija, Rashika Rijhwani M, Naimaa Choudhary, Asha Sharma, Prassan Vij, Pinky Bahl
Diabetic Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Jitender Sorout, Sudhanshu Kacker, Neha Saboo, Munesh Kumar
Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal.2023; 11(4): 384. CrossRef
Socio-economic inequalities in diabetes and prediabetes among Bangladeshi adults
Abdur Razzaque Sarker, Moriam Khanam
Diabetology International.2022; 13(2): 421. CrossRef
Regional estimates of noncommunicable diseases associated risk factors among adults in India: results from National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey
Thilagavathi Ramamoorthy, Sravya Leburu, Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan, Prashant Mathur
BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy Analysis of Team-Based Nursing Compliance in Young and Middle-Aged Diabetes Mellitus Patients Based on Random Forest Algorithm and Logistic Regression
Dongni Qian, Hong Gao, Yao Chen
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Factors Influencing Optimal Glucose Control among Type II Diabetes Patients: From the Health Behaviour Models’ Perspective
Eslavath Rajkumar, GT Kruthika, Padiri Angiel Ruth, R Lakshmi, Daniel Monica, John Romate, Abraham John
The Open Public Health Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

COVID-19: Brief Communication

Analyzing the effects of social distancing on the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea using mathematical modeling: Sunhwa Choi, Moran Ki; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020064. Published online September 7, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020064

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
During the 6 months since the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient was diagnosed in Korea on January 20, 2020, various prevention and control measures have been implemented according to the COVID-19 epidemic pattern. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the reproductive numbers (R) for each epidemic stage to analyze the effects of the preventive measures and to predict the COVID-19 transmission trends.

METHODS

We estimated the transmission rates for each epidemic stage by fitting a COVID-19 transmission model, based on a deterministic mathematical model, to the data on confirmed cases. The effects of preventive measures such as social distancing by time period were analyzed, and the size and trends of future COVID-19 outbreaks were estimated.

RESULTS

The value of R was 3.53 from February18, 2020 to February 28, 2020, and the mean R reduced to 0.45 from March 14, 2020 to April 29, 2020, but it significantly increased to 2.69 from April 30, 2020 to May13, 2020 and it was maintained at 1.03 from May 14, 2020 to July 23, 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

According to the estimated R, it had fallen to below 1 and was maintained at that level owing to the isolation of infected persons by the public health authorities and social distancing measures followed by the general public. Then, the estimated R increased rapidly as the contact among individuals increased during the long holiday period from April 30, 2020 to May 5, 2020. Thereafter, the value of R dropped, with the continued use of preventive measures but remained higher than 1.00, indicating that the COVID-19 outbreak can be prolonged and develop into a severe outbreak at any time.

Summary

Korean summary
수학적 모델링을 통하여 코로나-19 유행양상에 따른 시기별 감염재생산수(reproductive number)를 추정하고, 시기별 방역정책의 효과를 분석하여 향후 유행의 규모와 유행 종료 시점 등을 예측하였다. 그 결과, 4월30일부터 5월5일까지의 긴 연휴 기간을 통해 사람들 간의 접촉이 증가하면서 감염재생산수가 급격히 증가하였고(4월 30일 - 5월 13일까지 평균 R=2.69), 그 후, 지속적인 방역조치로 인해 5월 14일-7월 23일까지 평균 R=1.03로 감소하였으나, 여전히 1보다 큰 값으로 나타나, 코로나-19유행이 지속되고 있으며 언제라도 다시 큰 유행으로 커질 수 있다고 예측되었다.

Citations

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Mathematical Modeling of COVID-19 Transmission and Intervention in South Korea: A Review of Literature
Hyojung Lee, Sol Kim, Minyoung Jeong, Eunseo Choi, Hyeonjeong Ahn, Jeehyun Lee
Yonsei Medical Journal.2023; 64(1): 1. CrossRef
코로나19 핵심 지표 산출체계 국제 비교 및 활용도 제고 방안 연구
나애 이, 연경 김, 승필 정, 우주 이, 주환 오, 승식 황
Public Health Weekly Report.2023; 16(29): 973. CrossRef
The Effect of COVID–19 on Pediatric Intussusception: A Retrospective Study of a Single Center in South Korea with 10–Year Experience
Yeo Jin Yoo, Bo-Kyung Je, Ga Young Choi, Jee Hyun Lee, Sunkyu Choi, Ji Young Lee
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2022; 83(2): 304. CrossRef
Trends of Internet Search Volumes for Major Depressive Disorder Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis
Jieun Kim, Juhui Han, Byung Chul Chun
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A Novel Approach on Deep Learning—Based Decision Support System Applying Multiple Output LSTM-Autoencoder: Focusing on Identifying Variations by PHSMs’ Effect over COVID-19 Pandemic
Yong-Ju Jang, Min-Seung Kim, Chan-Ho Lee, Ji-Hye Choi, Jeong-Hee Lee, Sun-Hong Lee, Tae-Eung Sung
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(11): 6763. CrossRef
Changes in the pattern and disease burden of acute viral respiratory infections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Chungmin Park, Donghan Lee, Inho Kim, Sujin Park, Gyehee Lee, Sangwoo Tak
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2022; 13(3): 203. CrossRef
Modelling and analysis of fractional-order vaccination model for control of COVID-19 outbreak using real data
Hardik Joshi, Brajesh Kumar Jha, Mehmet Yavuz
Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering.2022; 20(1): 213. CrossRef
Exploring spatial distribution of social vulnerability and its relationship with the Coronavirus disease 2019: the Capital region of South Korea
Donghyun Kim
BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on the Incidence of Respiratory Infections During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Korea: A Nationwide Surveillance Study
Kyungmin Huh, Jaehun Jung, Jinwook Hong, MinYoung Kim, Jong Gyun Ahn, Jong-Hun Kim, Ji-Man Kang
Clinical Infectious Diseases.2021; 72(7): e184. CrossRef
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Young Rok Lee, Hyun Ji Cha, Hyeon Kyu Choi, Min Ju Kim, Beom Seok Kim, Ki Jung Sung, Ju Hyun Jeon, Eun Seok Kim, Young Il Kim
Journal of Korean Medicine.2021; 42(2): 31. CrossRef
Dissection of non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented by Iran, South Korea, and Turkey in the fight against COVID-19 pandemic
Mohammad Keykhaei, Sogol Koolaji, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Reyhaneh Kalantar, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Arya Aminorroaya, Shaghayegh Zokaei, Sina Azadnajafabad, Negar Rezaei, Erfan Ghasemi, Nazila Rezaei, Rosa Haghshenas, Yosef Farzi, Sina Rashedi, Bagher Larijan
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Brief Communication

Prospective cohort data quality assurance and quality control strategy and method: Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study: Soo Min Kim, Yunsu Choi, Bo Youl Choi, Minjeong Kim, Sang Il Kim, Jun Young Choi, Shin-Woo Kim, Joon Young Song, Youn Jeong Kim, Mee-Kyung Kee, Myeongsu Yoo, Jeong Gyu Lee, Bo Young Park; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020063. Published online September 4, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020063

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of effective data quality control and management is to minimize the impact of errors on study results by identifying and correcting them. This study presents the results of a data quality control system for the Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study that took into account the characteristics of the data.

METHODS

The HIV/AIDS Cohort Study in Korea conducts repeated measurements every 6 months using an electronic survey administered to voluntarily consenting participants and collects data from 21 hospitals. In total, 5,795 sets of data from 1,442 participants were collected from the first investigation in 2006 to 2016. The data refining results of 2015 and 2019 were converted into the data refining rate and compared.

RESULTS

The quality control system involved 3 steps at different points in the process, and each step contributed to data quality management and results. By improving data quality control in the pre-phase and the data collection phase, the estimated error value in 2019 was 1,803, reflecting a 53.9% reduction from 2015. Due to improvements in the stage after data collection, the data refining rate was 92.7% in 2019, a 24.21%p increase from 2015.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite this quality management strategy, errors may still exist at each stage. Logically possible errors for the post-review refining of downloaded data should be actively identified with appropriate consideration of the purpose and epidemiological characteristics of the study data. To improve data quality and reliability, data management strategies should be systematically implemented.

Summary

Korean summary
이 연구는 한국 에이즈 코호트 자료의 연구 목적과 역학적 특성을 고려한 체계적인 질 관리 방법과 결과를 제시한다. 시간적 선후 관계를 고려한 로직을 활용한 자료정제 과정을 비롯한 3단계의 체계적인 질 관리 방법은 이제껏 없었던 국내 코호트 자료 질 관리에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

Citations

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Adopting Data to Care to Identify and Address Gaps in Services for Children and Adolescents Living With HIV in Mozambique
Belmiro Sousa, Sergio Chiale, Hayley Bryant, Lisa Dulli, Tanya Medrano
Global Health: Science and Practice.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of characteristics on the clinical course at the initiation of treatment for human immunodeficiency virus infection using dimensionality reduction
Yunsu Choi, Bo Youl Choi, Sang Il Kim, Jungsoon Choi, Jieun Kim, Bo Young Park, Soo Min Kim, Shin-Woo Kim, Jun Yong Choi, Joon Young Song, Youn Jeong Kim, Hyo Youl Kim, Jin-Soo Lee, Jung Ho Kim, Yoon Hee Jun, Myungsun Lee, Jaehyun Seong
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A Nationwide Evaluation of the Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Brazil (POP-Brazil Study): Protocol for Data Quality Assurance and Control
Jaqueline Driemeyer Correia Horvath, Marina Bessel, Natália Luiza Kops, Flávia Moreno Alves Souza, Gerson Mendes Pereira, Eliana Marcia Wendland
JMIR Research Protocols.2022; 11(1): e31365. CrossRef

Original Articles

Trends of accidental carbon monoxide poisoning in Korea, 1951-2018: Jong-Hun Kim, Ah-Young Lim, Hae-Kwan Cheong; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020062. Published online August 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020062

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning from coal briquette combustion has been a major public health problem in Korea. In this study, we estimated the time trends of the consumption of anthracite coal and the number of CO poisoning victims over the past 7 decades, in the context of changes in heating facilities.

METHODS

Using Population and Housing Census data and energy statistics, we estimated the number of houses using briquettes as heating fuel between 1951 and 2018. After estimating the incidence of CO poisoning in housing units by heating facility type, we determined the ratio of the number of household members who experienced CO poisoning to the overall number of household members. Finally, we estimated the distribution of the victims according to poisoning severity, excluding victims of intentional exposure.

RESULTS

We estimated that, overall, over 26 million people experienced CO poisoning between 1951 and 2018 in Korea. The household consumption of anthracite peaked in 1986, but the number of victims of CO poisoning peaked at approximately 1 million people in 1980. From 1951 to 2018, the cumulative number of CO poisoning victims comprised approximately 22,830,000 mild cases, 3,570,000 severe cases, and 65,000 deaths.

CONCLUSIONS

The peak in the number of CO poisoning victims occurred 6 years earlier than the peak in the number of people using briquettes for heating. This gap resulted from improvements in briquette heating systems. This finding provides a quantitative basis for epidemiological studies on the health outcomes of CO poisoning in the Korean population.

Summary

Korean summary
과거에 연탄을 난방 연료로 사용함으로써 발생하였던 일산화탄소 중독 사고는 한국 사회에서 주요한 공중 보건 문제였다. 본 연구에서는 지난 70년간 연탄 소비에 따른 일산화탄소 중독 피해자 규모를 추정하였다. 본 연구에서 산출된 결과들은 일산화탄소 중독으로 인하여 지속적으로 나타날 수 있는 건강 피해에 대한 역학 연구의 정량적 근거를 제공하고 있다.

Citations

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Trends in mortality related to unintentional poisoning in the South Asian region from 1990 to 2019: analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study
Nadeem Ullah Khan, Uzma Khan, Umerdad Khudadad, Asrar Ali, Ahmed Raheem, Shahan Waheed, Junaid Abdul Razzak
BMJ Open.2023; 13(2): e062744. CrossRef
Prevalence of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Korea: Analysis of National Claims Data in 2010–2019
Eunah Han, Gina Yu, Hye Sun Lee, Goeun Park, Sung Phil Chung
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Acute carbon monoxide poisoning in Shandong, China: an observational study
Lina Zhang, Di Wu, Mingyue Xu, Yonghui Bian, Youcun Wang, Guangkai Gao, Qing Sun
Chinese Medical Journal.2022; 135(13): 1539. CrossRef
Development of delayed neurologic sequelae in acute carbon monoxide poisoning cases caused by briquette-based kotatsu
Makoto Onodera, Yasuhiko Tsukada, Tsuyoshi Suzuki, Kotaro Sorimachi, Kenichi Ebihara, Lubna Sato, Rie Zenda, Satoshi Ueno, Kazuki Sugaya, Ken Iseki
Medicine.2021; 100(16): e25009. CrossRef

The patterns of lifestyle, metabolic status, and obesity among hypertensive Korean patients: a latent class analysis: Suyoung Kim, Seon Cho, Eun-Hee Nah; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020061. Published online August 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020061

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to identify latent classes in hypertensive patients based on the clustering of factors including lifestyle risk factors, metabolic risk factors, and obesity in each sex.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study included 102,780 male and 103,710 female hypertensive patients who underwent health check-ups at 16 centers in Korea, in 2018. A latent class analysis approach was used to identify subgroups of hypertensive patients. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to examine the association between latent classes and comorbidities of hypertension.

RESULTS

A four-class model provided the best fit for each sex. The following latent classes were identified: Class I (male: 16.9%, female: 1.7%; high risk of lifestyle behaviors [HB] with metabolic disorders and obesity [MO]), Class II (male: 32.4%, female: 47.1%; low risk of lifestyle behaviors [LB] with MO), Class III (male: 15.3%, female: 1.8%; HB with metabolic disorders and normal weight [MNW]), Class IV (male: 35.5%, female: 49.4%; LB with MNW). Lifestyle patterns in the latent classes were classified as high-risk or low-risk according to smoking and high-risk drinking among male, and presented complex patterns including physical inactivity alone or in combination with other factors, among female. Stage 2 hypertensive or diabetic individuals were likely to belong to classes including obesity (HB-MO, LB-MO) in both sexes, and additionally belonged to the HB-MNW class in male.

CONCLUSIONS

Metabolic disorders were included in all latent classes, with or without lifestyle risk factors and obesity. Hypertensive females need to manage obesity, and hypertensive males need to manage lifestyle risk factors and obesity. Sex-specific lifestyle behaviors are important for controlling hypertension.

Summary

Korean summary
고혈압 환자에서 이질적인 집단을 확인하기 위해, 생활습관, 대사이상 및 비만에 기반한 잠재계층분석을 실시한 결과, 각 성별에서 4개 계층으로 분류되었다. 모든 계층에는 대사이상 상태가 포함되었으며, 고위험 생활습관과 비만(HB-MO), 저위험 생활습관과 비만(LB-MO), 고위험 생활습관과 정상체중(HB-MNW), 저위험 생활습관과 정상체중(LB-MNW)으로 유형화하였다. 생활습관 및 비만 여부와 상관없이 모든 잠재계층에 대사이상 상태가 포함된 점으로 고혈압과 대사상태의 긴밀한 관련성을 확인하였으며, 성별에 따라 이질적인 생활습관 패턴(여성에서는 비만 관리와 남성에서는 비만과 생활습관 개선을 강조)을 확인하였다.

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Annette Løvheim Kleppang, Mario Vianna Vettore, Ingeborg Hartz, Siri Håvås Haugland, Tonje Holte Stea
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Cohort Profile

Cohort profile: congenital Zika virus infection and child neurodevelopmental outcomes in the ZEN cohort study in Colombia: Maritza Gonzalez, Van T. Tong, Helena Rodriguez, Diana Valencia, Jacqueline Acosta, Margaret A. Honein, Martha L. Ospina, The ZEN Study Team; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020060. Published online August 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020060

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Abstract

<i>Zika en Embarazadas y Niños</i> (ZEN) is a prospective cohort study designed to identify risk factors and modifiers for Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women, partners, and infants, as well as to assess the risk for adverse maternal, fetal, infant, and childhood outcomes of ZIKV and other congenital infections. ZIKV infection during pregnancy may be associated with longterm sequelae. In the ZEN cohort, 1,519 pregnant women and 287 partners were enrolled from 3 departments within Colombia between February 2017 and January 2018, as well as 1,108 infants born to the pregnant women who were followed to 6 months. The data include baseline questionnaires at enrollment; repeated symptoms and study follow-up questionnaires; the results of lab tests to detect ZIKV and other congenital infections; medical record abstractions; infant physical, eye, and hearing exams; and developmental screening tests. Follow-up of 850 mother-child dyads occurred at 9 months, 12 months, and 18 months with developmental screenings, physical exams, and parent questionnaires. The data will be pooled with those from other prospective cohort studies for an individual participant data meta-analysis of ZIKV infection during pregnancy to characterize pregnancy outcomes and sequelae in children.

Summary

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BMC Research Notes.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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COVID-19: Perspective

Atypical modes of COVID-19 transmission: how likely are they?: Viroj Wiwanitkit; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020059. Published online August 11, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020059

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Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new emerging pandemic, which has so far infected more than 20 million people throughout the world. Typically, this infection is transmitted from humans to humans via respiratory contact. However, the possibility that COVID-19 might be transmitted via atypical modes of transmission is an important public health consideration. In this short review article, the author summarizes and discusses the data on atypical modes of COVID-19 transmission. Based on the available data, it seems that there is still no evidence that COVID-19 can be transmitted via atypical modes of transmission.

Summary

Citations

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Beuy Joob, Viroj Wiwanitkit
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2023; 12(3): 598. CrossRef
Zoonotic COVID-19: New emerging consideration in preventive medicine
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Food contamination, food safety and COVID-19 outbreak
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Model-free volume and pressure cycled control of automatic bag valve mask ventilator
Cong Toai Truong, Kim Hieu Huynh, Van Tu Duong, Huy Hung Nguyen, Le An Pham, Tan Tien Nguyen
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SARS-CoV-2 variant: Its clinical importance and molecular epidemiology
Viroj Wiwanitkit
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SARS-CoV-2 in Semen
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Epidemiologic Investigation

How to improve the human brucellosis surveillance system in Kurdistan Province, Iran: reduce the delay in the diagnosis time: Meysam Olfatifar, Seyed Mehdi Hosseini, Payam Shokri, Soheila Khodakarim, Naghmeh Khadembashi, Sajjad Rahimi Pordanjani; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020058. Published online August 10, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020058

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Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Spatial information makes a crucial contribution to enhancing and monitoring the brucellosis surveillance system by facilitating the timely diagnosis and treatment of brucellosis.

METHODS

An exponential scan statistic model was used to formalize the spatial distribution of the adjusted delay in the diagnosis time of brucellosis (time between onset and diagnosis of the disease) in Kurdistan Province, Iran. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare variables of interest between the clustered and non-clustered areas.

RESULTS

The spatial distribution of clusters of human brucellosis cases with delayed diagnoses was not random in Kurdistan Province. The mean survival time (i.e., time between symptom onset and diagnosis) was 4.02 months for the short spatial cluster, which was centered around the city of Baneh, and was 4.21 months for spatiotemporal clusters centered around the cities of Baneh and Qorveh. Similarly, the mean survival time for the long spatial and spatiotemporal clusters was 6.56 months and 15.69 months, respectively. The spatial distribution of the cases inside and outside of clusters differed in terms of livestock vaccination, residence, sex, and occupational variables.

CONCLUSIONS

The cluster pattern of brucellosis cases with delayed diagnoses indicated poor performance of the surveillance system in Kurdistan Province. Accordingly, targeted and multi-faceted approaches should be implemented to improve the brucellosis surveillance system and to reduce the number of lost days caused by delays in the diagnosis of brucellosis, which can lead to long-term and serious complications in patients.

Summary

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Asymmetric Effects of Weather-Integrated Human Brucellosis Forecasting System Using a New Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model
Yongbin Wang, Chenlu Xue, Bingjie Zhang, Yuchun Li, Chunjie Xu, Daniel Diaz
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases.2024; 2024: 1. CrossRef
Spatio-temporal Analysis of COVID-19: A Global Study
Sajjad Rahimi Pordanjani, Maryam Mohammadian, Somayeh Derakhshan, Fatemeh Hadavandsiri, Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari, Mohammad Hossein Panahi
Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health Studies.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors Associated With Diagnostic Delays in Human Brucellosis in Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
Jingbo Zhai, Ruihao Peng, Ying Wang, Yuying Lu, Huaimin Yi, Jinling Liu, Jiahai Lu, Zeliang Chen
Frontiers in Public Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical Effect of Doxycycline Combined with Compound Sulfamethoxazole and Rifampicin in the Treatment of Brucellosis Spondylitis
Xin-Ming Yang, Yong-Li Jia, Ying Zhang, Pei-Nan Zhang, Yao Yao, Yan-Lin Yin, Ye Tian
Drug Design, Development and Therapy.2021; Volume 15: 4733. CrossRef

COVID-19: Original Article

Outbreak investigation: transmission of COVID-19 started from a spa facility in a local community in Korea: Taewon Han; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020056. Published online July 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020056

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
In Korea, there have been 10,480 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as of April 11, 2020. We investigated the transmission of COVID-19 in a cluster of cases.

METHODS

We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of 10 confirmed COVID-19 patients in an outbreak that started at Spa facility A in a local community in Korea on March 28, 2020 and traced them through April 8, 2020. Epidemiological surveys and diagnostic tests were conducted for each contact, and the secondary attack rate was estimated.

RESULTS

There were 3 male confirmed patients (30.0%) and 7 female confirmed patients (70.0%), and their mean age was 53.5 years (range, 2.0 to 73.0). Two patients (20.0%) were asymptomatic. The incubation period was between 3 days and 12 days. Three confirmed patients were infected at female’s Spa facility A and 7 confirmed patients were second, third, and fourth generations of transmission. Seven confirmed patients contracted COVID-19 through presymptomatic contact. In total, 192 contacts were identified, with a secondary attack rate of 3.6%. Eighty-three contacts (43.2%) were aged 40-59 years, and the secondary attack rate was the highest (12.1%) in those aged ≥60 years. Most exposures (n=156, 81.3%) involved casual contact. The number of visitors using the female’s spa facility was 58, including 3 confirmed patients, resulting in a secondary outbreak rate of 5.9%.

CONCLUSIONS

This study presents a cluster of cases occurring in a setting with high temperature and humidity. The second, third, and fourth generations were transmitted through presymptomatic contact.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 목욕탕에서 시작된 지역사회로 전파된 코로나19의 유행조사를 통해 전증상전파와 그 영향에 대해서 알아보고자 하였다. 유행조절과 감염원파악을 위해 목욕탕 방문자와 각 확진자들의 접촉자에 대해서 역학조사 및 검사를 진행하였으며 이에 기반하여 이차감염률을 추정하였고, 이를 통해 전증상 전파 역시도 코로나19 유행에 큰 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 전증상전파가 특징인 코로나19 유행을 조절하기 위해선 보건당국의 빠른 접촉자 파악과 격리, 검사 뿐만 아니라 국민들의 개인위생 및 사회적 거리두기가 필수적이다.

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Assessing changes in incubation period, serial interval, and generation time of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Xiangyanyu Xu, Yanpeng Wu, Allisandra G. Kummer, Yuchen Zhao, Zexin Hu, Yan Wang, Hengcong Liu, Marco Ajelli, Hongjie Yu
BMC Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Incubation Period of COVID-19 Caused by Unique SARS-CoV-2 Strains
Yu Wu, Liangyu Kang, Zirui Guo, Jue Liu, Min Liu, Wannian Liang
JAMA Network Open.2022; 5(8): e2228008. CrossRef
Relative infectiousness of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected persons compared with symptomatic individuals: a rapid scoping review
David McEvoy, Conor McAloon, Aine Collins, Kevin Hunt, Francis Butler, Andrew Byrne, Miriam Casey-Bryars, Ann Barber, John Griffin, Elizabeth Ann Lane, Patrick Wall, Simon John More
BMJ Open.2021; 11(5): e042354. CrossRef
Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Pratha Sah, Meagan C. Fitzpatrick, Charlotte F. Zimmer, Elaheh Abdollahi, Lyndon Juden-Kelly, Seyed M. Moghadas, Burton H. Singer, Alison P. Galvani
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Zachary J. Madewell, Yang Yang, Ira M. Longini, M. Elizabeth Halloran, Natalie E. Dean
JAMA Network Open.2020; 3(12): e2031756. CrossRef

Original Articles

Temporal trend and spatial distribution of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Iranian children during 2006-2014: a mixed ecological study: Sajjad Rahimi Pordanjani, Amir Kavousi, Babak Mirbagheri, Abbas Shahsavani, Koorosh Etemad; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020057. Published online July 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020057

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Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The present study investigated the spatiotemporal epidemiological status of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common childhood cancer, in Iran.

METHODS

Using an exploratory mixed design, this ecological study examined 3,769 under-15 children with ALL recorded in the National Cancer Registry of Iran during 2006-2014. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, the Getis-Ord general G (GOGG) index, optimized hot spot analysis, and Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) at a significance level of 0.05.

RESULTS

The average annual incidence of the disease was 2.25 per 100,000 under-15 children, and the cumulative incidence rate (CIR) was 21.31 per 100,000 under-15 children. Patients’ mean age was 5.90 years (standard deviation, 3.68), and the peak incidence was observed among 2-year to 5-year-olds. No significant difference was found in mean age between boys and girls (p=0.261). The incidence of ALL was more common during spring and summer than in other seasons. The GOGG index was 0.039 and significant (p<0.001). Hot spots were identified in south, central, and eastern Iran and cold spots in the north and west of Iran. The PCC between the CIR and latitude was negative (r=-0.507; p=0.003) but that between the CIR and longitude was positive (r=0.347; p=0.055).

CONCLUSIONS

The incidence of ALL in Iranian children was lower than that observed in developed countries, but showed an increasing trend. It can be argued that the incidence of ALL is due to synergistic interactions between environmental, infectious, geographical, and genetic risk factors.

Summary

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Epidemiology of childhood acute leukemias in marginalized populations of the central-south region of Mexico: results from a population-based registry
Janet Flores-Lujano, Aldo Allende-López, David Aldebarán Duarte-Rodríguez, Erika Alarcón-Ruiz, Lizbeth López-Carrillo, Teresa Shamah-Levy, Mariano E. Cebrián, Ma. del Rocío Baños-Lara, Diana Casique-Aguirre, Jesús Elizarrarás-Rivas, Javier Antonio López-A
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Spatio-temporal Analysis of COVID-19: A Global Study
Sajjad Rahimi Pordanjani, Maryam Mohammadian, Somayeh Derakhshan, Fatemeh Hadavandsiri, Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari, Mohammad Hossein Panahi
Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health Studies.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Persistently high incidence rates of childhood acute leukemias from 2010 to 2017 in Mexico City: A population study from the MIGICCL
Janet Flores-Lujano, David Aldebarán Duarte-Rodríguez, Elva Jiménez-Hernández, Jorge Alfonso Martín-Trejo, Aldo Allende-López, José Gabriel Peñaloza-González, María Luisa Pérez-Saldivar, Aurora Medina-Sanson, José Refugio Torres-Nava, Karina Anastacia Sol
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Epidemiological characteristics and temporal-spatial analysis of overseas imported dengue fever cases in outbreak provinces of China, 2005–2019
Xinchang Lun, Yiguan Wang, Chunchun Zhao, Haixia Wu, Caiying Zhu, Delong Ma, Mingfang Xu, Jun Wang, Qiyong Liu, Lei Xu, Fengxia Meng
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Temporal Trend and Spatial Distribution of Drug Poisoning in Semnan Province: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study
Masoudeh Babakhanian, Khadijeh Mamashli, Faezeh Ansariniya, Somayeh Rezaie, Hamed Azadi, Masumeh Ghazanfarpour, Sajjad Rahimi Pordanjani
Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health Studies.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Crude incidence, age-specific incidence, and standardized incidence rates of leukemia in children under 14 years of age in Iran: an updated meta-analysis
Ayda Hasanpour Dehkordi, Hasan Askarpour, Farshid Karami Pordanjani, Mohammad Rafiee, Sajjad Rahimi Pordanjani
Przeglad Epidemiologiczny.2022; 75(4): 546. CrossRef

Relationship between smoking status and muscle strength in the United States older adults: R. Constance Wiener, Patricia A. Findley, Chan Shen, Nilanjana Dwibedi, Usha Sambamoorthi; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020055. Published online July 28, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020055

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Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Muscle strength in older adults is associated with greater physical ability. Identifying interventions to maintain muscle strength can therefore improve quality of life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether current or former smoking status is associated with a decrease in muscle strength in older adults.

METHODS

Data from the Health and Retirement Study from 2012-2014 were analyzed with regard to maximum dominant hand grip strength, maximum overall hand grip strength, and smoking status (current, former, or never). Unadjusted linear regression was conducted. Other factors known to be related to strength were included in the adjusted linear regression analyses.

RESULTS

For maximum grip strength, the regression coefficient was 4.91 for current smoking (standard error [SE], 0.58; p<0.001), 3.58 for former smoking (SE, 0.43; p<0.001), and 28.12 for never smoking (SE, 0.34). Fully adjusted linear regression on the relationship between dominant hand grip strength and smoking did not yield a significant result. The factors significantly associated with dominant hand grip strength were male sex, younger age, a race/ethnicity of non-Hispanic White or non-Hispanic Black, higher income, morbidity of ≤1 condition, no pain, and moderate or vigorous exercise more than once a week.

CONCLUSIONS

Muscle strength in older adults was not associated with smoking status in the adjusted analysis.

Summary

Citations

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Association between smoking status and handgrip strength in Korean male adults: based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2019
Eunbyul Cho, Hi Sun Soh, Jae-Ryun Lee, Jieun Yun, Woo Kyung Bae, Hyejin Lee
Frontiers in Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Handgrip strength, dynapenia, and related factors in postmenopausal women
Pascual García-Alfaro, Sandra García, Ignacio Rodríguez, Faustino R. Pérez-López
Menopause.2022; 29(1): 16. CrossRef
Lower body muscle strength, dynapenic obesity and risk of type 2 diabetes –longitudinal results on the chair-stand test from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)
Bernd Kowall
BMC Geriatrics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Relationship between Smoking History and Diaphragm Thickness and Muscle Strength in Young Men
Nan-Soo Kim, Young-Su Park
Archives of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy.2020; 16(2): 65. CrossRef

Impact of simulated cigarette excise tax increase on its consumption in Iran: Behzad Raei, Sara Emamgholipour, Amirhossein Takian, Mehdi Yaseri, Ghahreman Abdoli; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020054. Published online July 23, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020054

9,814 View
160 Download
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Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To assess the impact of a simulated tax-induced cigarette price increase on its consumption by different expenditure clusters in Iran.

METHODS

Employing consecutive cross sections for cigarette consumption, a two-part model was applied for different expenditure groups.

RESULTS

A 75% price increase in cigarettes noticeably— as is common in some countries with strong tobacco control policies—reduces current consumption in all five social classes, causing nearly 8% of current male smokers to quit or not to start.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings of the current study suggest that Iranian policy makers go through to implement tobacco taxation policies to control smoking prevalence, which in turn might lead to a reduction in national healthcare expenditures as well as enhance the global community’s capacity to meet Sustainable Development Goals.

Summary

Citations

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The effect of price on cigarette consumption, distribution, and sale in Tehran: a qualitative study
Younes Panahi Golestan, Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan, Ziyad Ben Taleb, Kenneth D. Ward, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Raed Bahelah, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Abdurrahman Charkazi, Nasir Dehghan, Shirin Shahbazi Sighaldeh
BMC Public Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Modification of the effect of ambient air temperature on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality by air pollution in Ahvaz, Iran: Sohrab Iranpour, Soheila Khodakarim, Abbas Shahsavani, Ardeshir Khosravi, Koorosh Etemad; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020053. Published online July 18, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020053

10,333 View
221 Download
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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the modification of temperature effects on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality by air pollutants (particulate matter less than 2.5 and 10 µm in diameter [respectively], ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide).

METHODS

Poisson additive models with a penalized distributed lag non-linear model were used to assess the association of air temperature with the daily number of deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Ahvaz, Iran from March 21, 2014 to March 20, 2018, controlling for day of the week, holidays, relative humidity, wind speed, air pollutants, and seasonal and long-term trends. Subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the effect modification for sex and age group. To assess the modification of air pollutants on temperature effects, the level of each pollutant was categorized as either greater than the median value or less than/equal to the median value.

RESULTS

We found no significant associations between temperature and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. In the subgroup analyses, however, high temperatures were significantly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality among those 75 years old and older, with the strongest effect observed on day 0 relative to exposure. The results revealed a lack of interactive effects between temperature and air pollutants on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality.

CONCLUSIONS

A weak but significant association was found between high temperature and cardiovascular mortality, but only in elderly people. Air pollution did not significantly modify the effect of ambient temperature on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality.

Summary

Citations

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Associations between ambient temperature and suicide: а systematic review
Andrej М. Grjibovski, Ivan М. Kobelev, Natalia N. Kukalevskaya, Yulia A. Popova, Alexander V. Baranov
Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology).2023; 30(6): 399. CrossRef
Combined effects of air pollution and extreme heat events among ESKD patients within the Northeastern United States
Richard V. Remigio, Hao He, Jochen G. Raimann, Peter Kotanko, Frank W. Maddux, Amy Rebecca Sapkota, Xin-Zhong Liang, Robin Puett, Xin He, Amir Sapkota
Science of The Total Environment.2022; 812: 152481. CrossRef

Gender difference in socioeconomic factors affecting suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts among community-dwelling elderly: based on the Korea Community Health Survey: Jin-Young Jeong; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020052. Published online July 13, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020052

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to explore socioeconomic factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts among the local community’s resident elderly.

METHODS

The subjects included 129,277 participants aged 65 years or above of the Korea Community Health Survey conducted in 2013 and 2017. Based on the questions for suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts, the subjects were divided into a no suicidal ideation group (n=111,344), a suicidal ideation group (n=17,487), and a suicidal attempt group (n=446). All analyses were stratified by gender, and a complex sample logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze associated factors. SAS version 9.4 was used for all analyses with a significance level of 0.05.

RESULTS

Common factors associated with suicidal ideation in both genders included marital status, frequency of contact with friends, social activity, and average monthly household income. Economic activity was demonstrated as relevant only to the elderly men subjects. According to the analysis, factors associated with suicidal attempts were the recipients of the National Basic Living Security Act for the elderly men compared to age, frequency of contact with family, frequency of contact with friends, and average monthly household income for the elderly women.

CONCLUSIONS

The study revealed that socioeconomic factors leading to suicidal ideation were similar in the elderly of both genders, while a difference was demonstrated for factors associated with suicidal attempts between the elderly of both genders. It is expected that the results of this study may be used as the basis for screening the local community’s elderly with a high suicidal risk, and in the development of suicide prevention services.

Summary

Korean summary
2013년과 2017년 지역사회건강조사에 참여한 129,277명의 노인을 대상으로 자살시도에 관련된 사회-경제적 요인을 탐색하였다. 분석결과, 남성 노인의 자살시도 관련요인은 국민기초생활수급자, 여성 노인의 자살시도 관련요인은 연령, 가족접촉빈도, 친구접촉빈도, 그리고 월평균가구소득으로 나타났다. 본 결과가 지역사회 거주 노인의 자살 고위험군 선별 및 자살 예방서비스 개발에 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

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A systematic review of psychosocial protective factors against suicide and suicidality among older adults
Myung Ki, Sylvie Lapierre, Boeun Gim, Minji Hwang, Minku Kang, Luc Dargis, Myoungjee Jung, Emily Jiali Koh, Brian Mishara
International Psychogeriatrics.2024; : 1. CrossRef
Body mass index, subjective body shape, and suicidal ideation among community-dwelling Korean adults
Chae Eun Yong, Young Bum Kim, Jiyoung Lyu
Archives of Public Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Estimation of the number of working population at high-risk of COVID-19 infection in Korea: Juyeon Lee, Myounghee Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020051. Published online July 9, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020051

14,934 View
414 Download
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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We aimed to identify occupational groups at high-risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Korea, to estimate the number of such workers, and to examine the prevalence of protective resources by employment status.

METHODS

Based on the sixth Standard Occupational Classification codes, 2015 census data were linked with data from the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey, which measured how frequently workers directly come into contact with people other than fellow employees in the workplace.

RESULTS

A total of 30 occupational groups, including 7 occupations from the healthcare and welfare sectors and 23 from other sectors, were classified as high-risk occupational groups involving frequent contact with people other than fellow employees in the workplace (more than half of the working hours). Approximately 1.4 million (women, 79.1%) and 10.7 million workers (46.3%) are employed in high-risk occupations. Occupations with a larger proportion of women are more likely to be at a high-risk of infection and are paid less. For wage-earners in high-risk occupations, protective resources to deal with COVID-19 (e.g., trade unions and health and safety committees) are less prevalent among temporary or daily workers than among those with permanent employment.

CONCLUSIONS

Given the large number of Koreans employed in high-risk occupations and inequalities within the working population, the workplace needs to be the key locus for governmental actions to control COVID-19, and special consideration for vulnerable workers is warranted.

Summary

Korean summary
코로나바이러스감염증-19 (코로나19) 유행 상황에서 감염 고위험 직업군 종사자는 보건의료복지 업종에서 총 140만 명, 그 외 업종에서 총 1,073만 명으로 추정된다. 고위험 사업장에 대해 정부가 안전보건 관리·감독·규제 및 지원 체계를 수립하고, 방역대책의 중심에 노동자의 안전과 건강 보호를 두는 관점의 전환이 필요하다. 우선 당장 역학조사 과정에서 직업관련 요소를 자세히 확인하고, 직업관련 감염에 대한 모니터링과 그에 걸맞는 대책을 마련해야 한다.

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Daniel Côté, Ellen MacEachen, Ai-Thuy Huynh, Amelia León, Marie Laberge, Samantha Meyer, Shannon Majowicz, Joyceline Amoako, Yamin Jahangir, Jessica Dubé
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Jiyeon Oh, Soeun Kim, Myeongcheol Lee, Sang Youl Rhee, Min Seo Kim, Ju-Young Shin, Hyunjung Lim, Seung Won Lee, Masoud Rahmati, Sunyoung Kim, Dong Keon Yon
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Yasemin ASLAN, Ekrem SEVİM, Sinem GÜLER
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S.M. Turnbull, M. Hobbs, L. Gray, E.P. Harvey, W.M.L. Scarrold, D.R.J. O'Neale
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