Epidemiology and Health

Original Articles

Obesity parameters in relation to lung function levels in a large Chinese rural adult population: Xiang Zeng, Dongling Liu, Zhen An, Huijun Li, Jie Song, Weidong Wu; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021047. Published online August 3, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021047

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The association between obesity parameters and lung function indicators in the general Chinese rural adult population remains unclear.

METHODS

In total, 8,284 Chinese adults aged 20 years to 80 years old from Xinxiang were recruited. Obesity-related parameters, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waistto-height ratio (WHtR), body fat percentage (BFP), basal metabolism, and visceral fat index, and lung function parameters such as forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in first second were measured.

RESULTS

The total prevalence of obesity defined by BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR, and BFP was 23.2%, 58.2%, 66.7%, 69.2%, and 56.5%, respectively. Spearman correlation analyses showed significant correlations between all obesity-related parameters and lung function. Linear regression analyses further demonstrated that BMI, WHtR, BFP, and general obesity defined using those indicators were negatively associated with lung function, while WC, WHR, and central obesity defined accordingly were positively associated with lung function. The relationship between general obesity and lung function was more evident in women than in men, while the link between central obesity and lung function was more obvious in men than in women.

CONCLUSIONS

Obesity is closely related to lung function in the general Chinese adult population. Weight control and loss are important strategies to improve lung function and respiratory health.

Summary

Key Message
This cross-sectional sduty clarify the relationship between several obesity parameters and lung function indicators on rural adult population in central China using big data and stratified analyses. Specifically, the obesity group has a lower level of lung function than the non-obesity group, and there is an opposite effect of general obesity and central obesity on lung function.

Citations

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Prevalence and Correlators of Diabetes Distress in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Yu-Yun Zhang, Wei Li, Yu Sheng, Qun Wang, Fang Zhao, Ying Wei
Patient Preference and Adherence.2024; Volume 18: 111. CrossRef
Air pollution associated acute respiratory inflammation and modification by GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms: a panel study of healthy undergraduates
Xiang Zeng, Ge Tian, Jingfang Zhu, Fuyun Yang, Rui Zhang, Huijun Li, Zhen An, Juan Li, Jie Song, Jing Jiang, Dongling Liu, Weidong Wu
Environmental Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Mediating Role of Body Mass Index in the Association Between Age at First Childbirth and Lung Function Among Chinese Postmenopausal Women
Gaili Wang, Huizi Tian, Kai Kang, Shixian Feng, Weihao Shao, Xiaorui Chen, Caifang Zheng, Bowen Zhang, Pei Pei, Weidong Zhang
Clinical Epidemiology.2023; Volume 15: 289. CrossRef
Pulmonary Function in Patients with Solitary Spinal Metastases: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Fang Jia, Jingyu Zhang, Yongcheng Hu, Ping Li
International Journal of General Medicine.2023; Volume 16: 1061. CrossRef
BMI, sex and outcomes in hospitalised patients in western Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic
Martin Lindgren, Triantafyllia Toska, Christian Alex, Christina E. Lundberg, Ottmar Cronie, Annika Rosengren, Martin Adiels, Helen Sjöland
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Relationship Between BMI and Lung Function in Populations with Different Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on the Enjoying Breathing Program in China
Xingyao Tang, Jieping Lei, Wei Li, Yaodie Peng, Chen Wang, Ke Huang, Ting Yang
International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.2022; Volume 17: 2677. CrossRef
The Chinese version of the revised Diabetes Distress Scale for adults with type 2 diabetes: Translation and validation study
Yu-Yun Zhang, Wei Li, Yu Sheng
International Journal of Nursing Sciences.2022; 9(2): 243. CrossRef
Sex Differences in Spirometric Measures and its Association with Basal Metabolic Rate in Obese and Healthy Normal Weight Middle-Aged Subjects
Afreen Begum H. Itagi, G. Y. Yunus, Ambrish Kalaskar, Pasang Tshering Dukpa, Dhruba Hari Chandi
Indian Journal of Respiratory Care.2022; 11(1): 14. CrossRef
Association of basal metabolic rate with respiratory function among middle-aged obese and nonobese subjects
AfreenBegum H Itagi, Ambrish Kalaskar, PasangTshering Dukpa, DhrubaHari Chandi, GY Yunus
MGM Journal of Medical Sciences.2021; 8(4): 330. CrossRef

Preventable causes of cancer in Texas by race/ethnicity: tobacco smoking: Franciska J. Gudenkauf, Aaron P. Thrift; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021046. Published online July 13, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021046

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Abstract Summary PDF: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Tobacco smoking is classified as carcinogenic to humans (International Agency for Research on Cancer Group 1). We aimed to estimate the percentage and number of incident cancer cases diagnosed in Texas in 2015 that were attributable to tobacco smoking, and we examined differences in the proportions of smoking-attributable cancers between the major racial/ethnic subgroups of the population.
METHODS
We calculated population-attributable fractions for cancers attributable to tobacco smoking using prevalence data from the Texas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and relative risks associated with smoking status from pooled analyses of cohort studies or meta-analyses. Cancer incidence data were collected from the Texas Cancer Registry.
RESULTS
We estimated that 19,000 excess cancer cases or 18.4% of all cancers diagnosed in 2015 in Texans aged ≥ 25 years were caused by tobacco smoking. Males had a higher overall proportion of cancers attributable to tobacco smoking than females (male, 23.3%, 11,993 excess cases; female, 13.5%, 7,006 cases). Approximately 20% of cancer cases in non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks were attributable to tobacco smoking compared to 12.8% among Hispanics.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite ongoing public health campaigns combatting tobacco use, this preventable behavior still contributes significantly to cancer incidence in Texas. Racial/ethnic differences in smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable cancer incidence should be considered when designing cancer prevention programs.; Summary

Key Message
Tobacco smoking remains a major contributor to cancer burden in the United States, particularly among men, non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic Blacks due to historically higher smoking rates.

COVID-19: Systematic Review

A closer look at the high burden of psychiatric disorders among healthcare workers in Egypt during the COVID-19 pandemic: Amr Ehab El-Qushayri, Abdullah Dahy, Abdullah Reda, Mariam Abdelmageed Mahmoud, Sarah Abdel Mageed, Ahmed Mostafa Ahmed Kamel, Sherief Ghozy; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021045. Published online July 13, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021045

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to examine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among Egyptian healthcare workers (HCWs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

METHODS

Six databases were searched for relevant papers. The quality of the selected articles was measured using the National Institute of Health quality assessment tool. We used a fixed-effects model when there was no heterogeneity and a random-effects model when there was heterogeneity.

RESULTS

After screening 197 records, 10 studies were ultimately included. Anxiety was the most commonly reported psychiatric disorder among HCWs, with a prevalence of 71.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 49.4 to 86.9), followed by stress (66.6%; 95% CI, 47.6 to 81.3), depression (65.5%; 95% CI, 46.9 to 80.3), and insomnia (57.9%; 95% CI, 45.9 to 69.0). As measured using the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, the most common level of severity was moderate for depression (22.5%; 95% CI, 19.8 to 25.5) and stress (14.5%; 95% CI, 8.8 to 22.9), while high-severity anxiety was more common than other levels of severity (28.2%; 95% CI, 3.8 to 79.6).

CONCLUSIONS

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative effect on Egyptian HCWs’ psychological well-being. More psychological support and preventive measures should be implemented to prevent the further development of psychiatric illness among physicians and other HCWs.

Summary

Key Message
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative effect on Egyptian HCWs’ psychological well-being with a high burden of anxiety, stress, depression and insomnia. More psychological support and preventive measures should be implemented to prevent the further development of psychiatric illness among physicians and other HCWs.

Citations

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Anxiety and stress among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Aragaw Asfaw Hasen, Abubeker Alebachew Seid, Ahmed Adem Mohammed
BMJ Open.2023; 13(2): e070367. CrossRef
COVID-19 and common mental health symptoms in the early phase of the pandemic: An umbrella review of the evidence
Anke B. Witteveen, Susanne Y. Young, Pim Cuijpers, José Luis Ayuso-Mateos, Corrado Barbui, Federico Bertolini, Maria Cabello, Camilla Cadorin, Naomi Downes, Daniele Franzoi, Michael Gasior, Brandon Gray, Maria Melchior, Mark van Ommeren, Christina Palantz
PLOS Medicine.2023; 20(4): e1004206. CrossRef
Effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on burnout and self-compassion among critical care nurses caring for patients with COVID-19: a quasi-experimental study
Sahar Younes Othman, Nagia I. Hassan, Alaa Mostafa Mohamed
BMC Nursing.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
COVID‐19 outcomes in paediatric cancer: A large scale pooled meta‐analysis of 984 cancer patients
Amr Ehab El‐Qushayri, Amira Yasmine Benmelouka, Abdullah Dahy, Mohammad Rashidul Hashan
Reviews in Medical Virology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Jiyao Chen, Stephen X Zhang, Allen Yin, Jaime A Yáñez
Journal of Global Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Scientific evidence on mental health in key regions under the COVID-19 pandemic – meta-analytical evidence from Africa, Asia, China, Eastern Europe, Latin America, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Spain
Stephen X. Zhang, Jiyao Chen
European Journal of Psychotraumatology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Exploring the associations between cardiovascular health measured with the CANHEART model and early cognitive impairment in a middle-aged population in Korea: Ye Jin Jeon, Ji Heon Lee, Hyeon Chang Kim, Sun Jae Jung; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021044. Published online July 13, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021044

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Both cardiovascular health (CVH) and inflammation are associated with cognition, and inflammation is also associated with CVH. However, limited information has been reported on these factors in the Korean population. The objective of our study was to investigate the influence of inflammation on the association between CVH and cognition using a cross-sectional design.

METHODS

Data were obtained from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center baseline study. Participants who completed fasting serum analysis, questionnaires, and cognitive function tests were included in the analysis, whereas those with a history of autoimmune disease were excluded. The CVH in Ambulatory Care Research Team health index metrics, including smoking, physical activity, healthy diet, obesity, history of hypertension, and diabetes, were used to assess CVH. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Estimation for Dementia Screening. Inflammatory status was assessed based on a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) test.

RESULTS

Among 2,622 total participants (mean age, 57.2 years; 1,792 women), 13%, 58%, and 29% had poor, intermediate, and ideal CVH, respectively. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that CVH was significantly associated with cognitive function only in women. A stratified analysis showed that cognitive impairment due to CVH was not associated with hs-CRP levels. When the same analyses were conducted for each CVH component, the only component affecting the association was hypertension history in men.

CONCLUSIONS

CVH is not significantly associated with cognitive decline in the middle-aged Korean population. Inflammation did not play a significant modifying role in this relationship.

Summary

Korean summary
• 본 연구는 심뇌혈관 및 대상질환원인연구센터(Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, CMERC) 코호트의 기반조사 데이터를 활용하여, 심혈관계건강과 인지기능 사이의 연관성을 한국 도시거주 중년인구에서 확인하고, 염증 지표인 고감도C반응단백 (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, hs-CRP) 수준에 따른 차이를 탐색하였다. • 남성과 여성 모두에서 CANHEART health index가 낮은 집단에서 인지기능이 평균적으로 더 낮았으나, 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. • 염증 수준에 따른 심혈관계건강과 인지기능 사이의 연관성은 해당 연구에서는 확인할 수 없었다.

Key Message
In the Korean middle-aged population, poor cardiovascular health (CVH) assessed by CANHEART health index was associated with low cognitive function, but not statistically significant. Further investigation is suggested to develop CVH index specified in Korean populations and to estimate the association between CVH and cognitive function in larger population.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Cardiovascular disease risk models and dementia or cognitive decline: a systematic review
Ruirui Jia, Qing Wang, Hengyi Huang, Yanli Yang, Yuet Foon Chung, Tao Liang
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Stressful life events and serum triglyceride levels: the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center cohort in Korea: Naharin Sultana Anni, Sun Jae Jung, Jee-Seon Shim, Yong Woo Jeon, Ga Bin Lee, Hyeon Chang Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021042. Published online June 9, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021042

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Elevated serum triglyceride levels are a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. A number of studies have demonstrated a positive association between psychological stress and serum triglyceride levels. However, there is limited evidence regarding the impact of stressful life events (SLEs) on serum triglyceride levels in the healthy population. Therefore, we evaluated the independent association between SLEs and serum triglyceride levels in a middle-aged Korean population.

METHODS

We analyzed a sample of 2,963 people (aged 30-64 years; 36% men) using baseline data from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC) cohort study. The Korean version of the Life Experience Survey questionnaire was used to measure the presence and positive/negative impact of SLEs. Hypertriglyceridemia was defined as a fasting serum triglyceride level of ≥ 150 mg/dL.

RESULTS

Of the 2,963 participants, 33.1% reported at least 1 SLE over the past 6 months and 24.8% had hypertriglyceridemia. Even after adjusting for potential confounders, the serum triglyceride level was significantly associated with the total number of SLEs in men (3.333 mg/dL per event; p= 0.001), but not in women (0.451 mg/dL per event, p= 0.338). Hypertriglyceridemia was also associated with having 4 or more SLEs with positive effects (odds ratio [OR], 2.57; 95% CI, 1.02 to 6.46) and 4 or more SLEs with negative effects (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.16 to 3.41) in men.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest that SLEs may increase the risk of hypertriglyceridemia in middle-aged men.

Summary

Korean summary
30-64세 중년 남성에서 스트레스성 생활 사건(stressful life events)를 많이 경험한 경우 혈청 중성지방 농도가 높은 경향이 관찰되었다. 스트레스성 질환의 적절한 관리가 이상지질혈증같은 만성대사질환 예방에 도움이 될 수 있음을 시사하는 결과이다.

Key Message
Stressful life events can be linked to hypertriglyceridemia among middle-aged men. This suggests that proper management of stressful events can help prevention of metabolic disorders such as abnormal blood lipids.

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Metabolite Biomarkers of Prolonged and Intensified Pain and Distress in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Radio- or Chemoradiotherapy by Means of NMR-Based Metabolomics—A Preliminary Study
Łukasz Boguszewicz, Alicja Heyda, Mateusz Ciszek, Agata Bieleń, Agnieszka Skorupa, Jolanta Mrochem-Kwarciak, Krzysztof Składowski, Maria Sokół
Metabolites.2024; 14(1): 60. CrossRef
Take chicks as an example: Rummeliibacillus stabekisii CY2 enhances immunity and regulates intestinal microbiota by degrading LPS to promote organism growth and development
Weizhe Chen, Liyu Du, Changyu Cai, Lingzhu Huang, Qikai Zheng, Junjie Chen, Linhao Wang, Xiangbin Zhang, Xiang Fang, Li Wang, Qingping Zhong, Wujie Zhong, Jie Wang, Zhenlin Liao
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Sex Differences in the Atherogenic Risk Index in Healthy Mexican Population and Its Relationship with Anthropometric and Psychological Factors
Aniel Jessica Leticia Brambila-Tapia, Ingrid Patricia Dávalos-Rodríguez, Carlos Adán Méndez-García, Frida Isadora Bárcenas-Robles, Itzae Adonai Gutiérrez-Hurtado
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Dragoş Boicu
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Camron Edrissi, Chase Rathfoot, Krista Knisely, Carolyn Breauna Sanders, Richard Goodwin, Samuel I. Nathaniel, Thomas Nathaniel
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Patterns and predictors of smoking relapse among inpatient smoking intervention participants: a 1-year follow-up study in Korea: Seung Eun Lee, Chul-Woung Kim, Hyo-Bin Im, Myungwha Jang; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021043. Published online June 9, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021043

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Abstract Summary PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to identify relapse patterns in smokers who participated in an inpatient treatment program and to investigate factors related to relapse.

METHODS

The participants comprised 463 smokers who participated in an inpatient treatment operated by the Daejeon Tobacco Control Center from 2015 to 2018. Participants received high-intensity smoking cessation intervention for 5 consecutive days, including pharmacotherapy and behavioral support, and continued with follow-up for 1 year to determine whether they maintained smoking cessation after discharge from inpatient treatment. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard models were used in the analysis.

RESULTS

Participants’ relapse rate within 1 year was 72.8%, and 59.8% of participants smoked again within 6 months after participation. A higher number of counseling sessions was significantly associated with a lower risk of relapse (hazard ratio [HR], 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17 to 0.32 for ≥9 vs. ≤5 counseling sessions). Conversely, higher relapse rates were significantly associated with the use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) (HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.43 to 2.55 for use vs. no use), and higher levels of baseline expired carbon monoxide (CO) (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.21 to 2.06 for expired CO concentrations of 10-19 ppm vs. expired CO concentrations <10 ppm).

CONCLUSIONS

High-intensity smoking cessation interventions in hospital settings can be effective for smoking cessation in smokers with high nicotine dependence. In addition, the results suggest that for quitters to maintain long-term abstinence, they should receive regular follow-up counseling for 1 year after completing a high-intensity smoking cessation intervention.

Summary

Korean summary
• 한국은 국가금연정책의 일환으로 중증고도흡연자를 위해 고강도의 입원형 금연 중재 프로그램을 운영하고 있다. • 고강도 금연 중재를 받은 후 첫 6개월은 재흡연이 가장 빈번히 일어나는 시기였다. • 장기 금연을 유지하기 위해서는 고강도 금연 중재 후에도 1년간 지속적인 추후 상담이 이루어져야 한다.

Key Message
• South Korea operates a high-intensity inpatient treatment program for heavy smokers. • Relapse typically occurred in the first 6 months after completing the intervention. • Continuous 1 year follow-up counseling is important for long-term abstinence.

Citations

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Residential Treatment Exclusively for Tobacco Use Disorder: A Narrative Review
Symen Kornelis Spoelstra, Robert C. van de Graaf, Arie Dijkstra
Journal of Addiction Medicine.2024; 18(1): 33. CrossRef
Experiences with smoking habits and the need for cessation among habitual smokers in Japan: a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews
Kae Shiratani, Junko Shimasawa, Mayumi Mizutani
BMC Primary Care.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Neurobiology of Stress-Induced Nicotine Relapse
Xinyu Wang, Yun Chen, Jing Dong, Jing Ge, Xiaoliu Liu, Jianfeng Liu
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(3): 1482. CrossRef
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Mohamed Ghaith Al-Kuwari, Abdulhmeed Ahmad Al-Khenji, Wadha Ahmad Al-Baker, Mohamed Osman Bala
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Modeling the relationship between malaria prevalence and insecticide-treated bed net coverage in Nigeria using a Bayesian spatial generalized linear mixed model with a Leroux prior: Oluyemi A. Okunlola, Oyetunde T. Oyeyemi, Adewale F. Lukman; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021041. Published online June 4, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021041

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate malaria transmission in relation to insecticide-treated net (ITN) coverage in Nigeria.

METHODS

We used an exploratory analysis approach to evaluate variation in malaria transmission in relation to ITN distribution in 1,325 Demographic and Health Survey clusters in Nigeria. A Bayesian spatial generalized linear mixed model with a Leroux conditional autoregressive prior for the random effects was used to model the spatial and contextual variation in malaria prevalence and ITN distribution after adjusting for environmental variables.

RESULTS

Spatial smoothed maps showed the nationwide distribution of malaria and ITN. The distribution of ITN varied significantly across the 6 geopolitical zones (p<0.05). The North-East had the least ITN distribution (0.196±0.071), while ITN distribution was highest in the South-South (0.309±0.075). ITN coverage was also higher in rural areas (0.281±0.074) than in urban areas (0.240±0.096, p<0.05). The Bayesian hierarchical regression results showed a non-significant negative relationship between malaria prevalence and ITN coverage, but a significant spatial structured random effect and unstructured random effect. The correlates of malaria transmission included rainfall, maximum temperature, and proximity to water.

CONCLUSIONS

Reduction in malaria transmission was not significantly related to ITN coverage, although much could be achieved in attempts to curtail malaria transmission through enhanced ITN coverage. A multifaceted and integrated approach to malaria control is strongly advocated.

Summary

Key Message
Scaling up equity in ITN distribution and coverage, awareness and knowledge on ITN utilization are important integrated approaches to mitigate malaria transmission in Nigeria.

Citations

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Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema, Susannah Ahern, Arul Earnest
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(13): 6277. CrossRef
Malaria transmission in Africa: Its relationship with yellow fever and measles
Oluyemi A. Okunlola, Oyetunde T. Oyeyemi, Luzia Helena Carvalho
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Bayesian spatio-temporal modelling and mapping of malaria and anaemia among children between 0 and 59 months in Nigeria
Jecinta U. Ibeji, Henry Mwambi, Abdul-Karim Iddrisu
Malaria Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic in the post-vaccination period in Korea: a rapid assessment: Kyung-Duk Min, Sangwoo Tak; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021040. Published online May 27, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021040

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a tremendous impact on public health and socioeconomic conditions globally. Although non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as social distancing effectively reduced the incidence of COVID-19, especially in Korea, demand for vaccination has increased to minimize the social costs of NPIs. This study estimated the potential benefits of COVID-19 vaccination in Korea.

METHODS

A mathematical model with vaccinated–susceptible–latent–infectious–recovered compartments was used to simulate the COVID-19 epidemic. The compartments were stratified into age groups of 0-19 years, 20-59 years, and 60 years or older. Based on the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency national vaccination plan for the second quarter of 2021, announced on March 15, we developed vaccination scenarios (with 150,000 dose/d and 100% compliance as the main scenario). Comparing scenarios without vaccination or with higher/lower vaccination rates and compliance, we estimated the numbers of COVID-19 cases that will be prevented by vaccination.

RESULTS

The results projected 203,135 cases within a year after April 2021 without vaccination, which would be reduced to 71,248 (64.9% decrease) by vaccination. Supposing a vaccination rate of 150,000 dose/d and 100% compliance, social distancing interventions for those aged 20 or more can be retracted after January 1, 2022.

CONCLUSIONS

We expect COVID-19 vaccination to be effective in Korea. Health authorities should minimize delays in vaccination and vaccine avoidance to maximize the effectiveness of vaccination and end social distancing early.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구에서 국내 백신 접종 시작이후의 코로나19 유행 추이를 수학적 모형을 통하여 예측하였다. 연구 결과, 백신 접종이 전혀 진행되지 않을 경우, 2021년 4월부터 1년간 203,135 건의 확진 사례가 보고될 것으로 예측되었으나, 하루 15만 도즈의 접종이 진행될 경우 같은 기간의 확진자 수를 64.9% 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 나타났으며, 20세 이상을 대상으로한 사회적 거리두기 정책은 2022년 1월에 중지될 수 있을 것으로 예상되었다.

Key Message
A mathematical model with vaccinated–susceptible–latent–infectious–recovered compartments was used to simulate the COVID-19 epidemic in Korea. The results projected 203,135 cases within a year after April 2021 without vaccination, which would be reduced to 71,248 (64.9% decrease) by vaccination (150,000 doses per day and 100% compliance). Supposing a vaccination rate of 150,000 doses per day and 100% compliance, social distancing intervention for those aged 20 or more can be retracted after January 1, 2022.

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Oscar Espinosa, Laura Mora, Cristian Sanabria, Antonio Ramos, Duván Rincón, Valeria Bejarano, Jhonathan Rodríguez, Nicolás Barrera, Carlos Álvarez-Moreno, Jorge Cortés, Carlos Saavedra, Adriana Robayo, Oscar H. Franco
Systematic Reviews.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Systematic Review

Prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes in sub-Saharan Africa according to HIV status: a 20-year systematic review: Jude Ogechukwu Okoye, Chukwudi Amaechi Ofodile, Oluwaseun Kelechi Adeleke, Okechi Obioma; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021039. Published online May 25, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021039

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This review assessed the rate of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among women living in sub-Saharan Africa. It also determined the prevalence of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive (HIV+) and seronegative (HIV-) women in sub-Saharan Africa, pre-2010 and post-2010.

METHODS

In this systematic review, Google Scholar, PubMed Central, and Embase were searched to identify cohort and case-control studies that investigated the relationship between HIV and HPV infection. The database searches yielded 17 studies published between 1999 and 2018.

RESULTS

In the general population, the prevalence of any HPV/multiple HPV infections was higher among HIV+ (53.6/22.6%) than among HIV- women (26.5/7.3%) with odds ratios of 3.22 and 3.71, respectively (95% confidence interval, 3.00 to 3.42 and 2.39 to 5.75, p< 0.001). The prevalent HPV genotypes among HIV+ and HIV- women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer (ICC) were HPV-16/18 and HPV-45. The prevalence of HPV-16, HPV-18, and HPV-45 was lower in 1999-2010 (3.8, 1.7, and 0.8%, respectively) than in 2011-2018 (19.1, 6.0, and 3.6%, respectively). Among women diagnosed with ICC, HIV+ women had a higher prevalence of HPV-56, HPV-31, and HPV-51 (7.3, 5.3, and 3.3%, respectively) than HIV- women (1.3, 2.2, and 0.4%, p< 0.001, p= 0.050, and p= 0.013, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of HPV infection, multiple HPV infections, and non-vaccine HPV types were higher among HIV+ women than among HIV- women in sub-Saharan Africa. Although HIV infection influences the distribution of HPV types, this study suggests that cervical cancer incidence in sub-Saharan Africa is primarily driven by the prevalence of vaccine hrHPVs, especially HPV-16 and HPV-18.

Summary

Key Message
Despite increasing awareness of Human papillomavirus (HPV) among women and availability of HPV vaccines, mounting evidence shows that the age-standardized incidence rate of cervical cancer is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa. This review revealed the influences of some viruses on the trends of the disease between 1999-2010 and 2011-2018.

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Cancers.2024; 16(2): 243. CrossRef
Fighting cervical cancer in Africa: Taking a closer look at human papillomavirus 35
Sophia U. Okeke
African Journal of Laboratory Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
HIV status and knowledge of cervical cancer among women in Ghana
Nancy Innocentia Ebu Enyan, Sebastian Ken-Amoah, Derek Anamaale Tuoyire, Kafui Patrick Akakpo, Elizabeth Agyare, Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah
BMC Women's Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The role of multiple high‐risk human papillomavirus infection on the persistence recurrence of high‐grade cervical lesions after standard treatment: A systematic review and a meta‐analysis
Chiara Cassani, Mattia Dominoni, Marianna Francesca Pasquali, Barbara Gardella, Arsenio Spinillo
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of human papillomavirus‐based cervical cancer screening strategies in Tanzania among women with and without HIV
Crispin Kahesa, Louise T. Thomsen, Ditte S. Linde, Bariki Mchome, Johnson Katanga, Patricia Swai, Rachel Manongi, Myassa Kjaerem, Thomas Iftner, Marianne Waldstrøm, Julius Mwaiselage, Vibeke Rasch, Susanne K. Kjær
International Journal of Cancer.2023; 152(4): 686. CrossRef
Human papillomavirus testing using existing nucleic acid testing platforms to screen women for cervical cancer: implementation studies from five sub-Saharan African countries
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Marian Kaoma, Oladapo Olayemi, Mwila Hilton Mwaba, Kapembwa Sikwewa
BMC Women's Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
High-risk human papillomavirus genotype distribution among women living with and at risk for HIV in Africa
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Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi, Eyinade Adeduntan Egbedina, Jimoh Amzat, Kafayat Aminu, Lawrence Achilles Nnyanzi
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Samuel Ensor, Imogen Mechie, Rebecca Ryan, Aamirah Mussa, Bame Bame, Lefhela Tamuthiba, Neo Moshashane, Chelsea Morroni
Frontiers in Global Women's Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Virology Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
HPV prevalence among young adult women living with and without HIV in Botswana for future HPV vaccine impact monitoring
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Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Philip E. Castle, Mark H. Einstein, Vikrant V. Sahasrabuddhe
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians.2021; 71(6): 505. CrossRef
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Health Statistics

A comparison of breast cancer survival across different age groups: a multicentric database study in Penang, Malaysia: King Fang Tan, Farzaana Adam, Hasmah Hussin, Noor Mastura Mohd Mujar; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021038. Published online May 25, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021038

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Abstract

This study compared breast cancer survival and the prognostic factors across different age groups of women in Penang, Malaysia. Data on 2,166 women with breast cancer who had been diagnosed between 2010 and 2014 were extracted from the Penang Breast Cancer Registry and stratified into 3 age groups: young (< 40 years old), middle-aged (40-59 years old), and elderly (≥ 60 years). The overall and relative survival rates were calculated using the life table method, median survival time was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and comparisons between groups were conducted using the log-rank test. Prognostic factors were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model. The 5-year overall and breast cancer-specific survival rates for women with breast cancer in Penang were 72.9% and 75.2%, with a mean survival time of 92.5 months and 95.1 months, respectively. The 5-year breast cancer-specific survival rates for young, middle-aged, and elderly women were 74.9%, 77.8%, and 71.4%, respectively, with a mean survival time of 95.7 months, 97.5 months, and 91.2 months. There was a significant difference in breast cancer survival between age groups, with elderly women showing the lowest survival rate, followed by young and middle-aged women. Disease stage was the most prominent prognostic factor for all age groups. Survival rates and prognostic factors differed according to age group. Treatment planning for breast cancer patients should be age-specific to promote better cancer care and survival.

Summary

Key Message
The relationship between breast cancer survival and age at diagnosis has been explored, but information between survival at different age groups remains unclear, in addition to conflicting study results. This multicentre study was conducted to compare breast cancer survival across different age groups in an Asian setting.

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Duc Tran Quang, Thanh Luong Thi, Khanh Nguyen Di, Chi Vu Thi Quynh, Huyen Nguyen Thi Hoa, Quang Phan Ngoc
Current Problems in Cancer.2024; 48: 101062. CrossRef
Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of male breast cancer in China
Han Lei, Baojie Hua, Yingying Mao, Wei Cui, Caiping Mao, Shaoxue Yang, Jiayu Li
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Five-year survival prognosis of young, middle-aged, and elderly adult female invasive breast cancer patients by clinical and lifestyle characteristics
Yu-Tung Teng, Yong Alison Wang, Yaa-Hui Dong, Jason J. Liu
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Cancer–related symptoms among young and middle–aged women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer: Application of latent class analysis and network analysis
Tingting Cai, Tingting Zhou, Qingmei Huang, Fulei Wu, Feixia Ni, Changrong Yuan
European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2023; 63: 102287. CrossRef
myBeST—A Web-Based Survival Prognostic Tool for Women with Breast Cancer in Malaysia: Development Process and Preliminary Validation Study
Mohd Nasrullah Nik Ab Kadir, Suhaily Mohd Hairon, Najib Majdi Yaacob, Siti Norbayah Yusof, Kamarul Imran Musa, Maya Mazuwin Yahya, Seoparjoo Azmel Mohd Isa, Muhammad Hafizuddin Mamat Azlan, Imi Sairi Ab Hadi
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Bryan Valcarcel, J. Smith Torres-Roman, Daniel Enriquez-Vera, Gabriel De-la-Cruz-Ku
Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology.2023; 12(5): 625. CrossRef
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Tongchao Jiang, Haishuang Sun, Na Li, Tongcui Jiang
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2023; 149(15): 13511. CrossRef
The prognostic impact of body mass index on female breast cancer patients in underdeveloped regions of northern China differs by menopause status and tumor molecular subtype
Lijun Ma, Ailan Liu, Jinnan Gao, Haoliang Zhao
Open Life Sciences.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A Metabolic Gene Signature to Predict Breast Cancer Prognosis
Jun Lu, Pinbo Liu, Ran Zhang
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of Predictive Models for Survival among Women with Breast Cancer in Malaysia
Mohd Nasrullah Nik Ab Kadir, Najib Majdi Yaacob, Siti Norbayah Yusof, Imi Sairi Ab Hadi, Kamarul Imran Musa, Seoparjoo Azmel Mohd Isa, Balqis Bahtiar, Farzaana Adam, Maya Mazuwin Yahya, Suhaily Mohd Hairon
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(22): 15335. CrossRef

Original Article

Epidemiological distribution of primary central nervous system tumors in the Western Province of Saudi Arabia: a local registry from neuroscience-affiliated centers: Maher Kurdi, Nadeem Shafique Butt, Saleh Baeesa, Badrah Alghamdi, Yazid Maghrabi, Anas Bardeesi, Rothaina Saeedi, Ahmed I. Lary; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021037. Published online May 23, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021037

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are a major and growing global healthcare challenge. Western Saudi Arabia has an inconsistent data registry; therefore, the epidemiology of CNS tumors is unclear across the country. This study is aimed to assemble the epidemiological matrix of CNS tumors in the Western Province of Saudi Arabia.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was performed using clinical data obtained from 3 neuroscience centers in Western Saudi Arabia in the period 2014-2019. The sample size included 663 adult and pediatric cases from the local and expatriate populations diagnosed with CNS tumors. The distributions of age, sex, clinical presentation, tumor location, type of surgery, histological subtype, genetic characteristics, and recurrence rate were explored.

RESULTS

The analysis included 500 adult cases and 163 pediatric cases up to 18 years of age with a male-to-female ratio of 1.16. The mean age at diagnosis was 38.0±22.6 years. The supratentorium was the most common location (n=515, 77.7%). Most patients presented with headache (n=298, 44.9%), followed by a focal neurological deficit (19.9%). The most common primary CNS tumor was glioblastoma (n=234, 35.3%), followed by meningioma (n=100, 15.1%). The recurrence rate after surgery was estimated to be 40.9% among all CNS tumors.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first tumor registry of Western Province of Saudi Arabia that describes the distribution of primary CNS tumors and highlights their epidemiological matrix. Several incidence trends in terms of histological type, age group, sex, location, and recurrence were determined, and some genetic characteristics were recognized.

Summary

Key Message
Incidence, prevalence and the recurrence of CNS tumors vary according to histological type, age at diagnosis, sex, and available treatments. Further research should be performed to identify potential risk factors for CNS tumors in Saudi Arabia. Genome technology provides an opportunity to relate incidence rates with risk factors.

Citations

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Nuclear Factor-Kappa B in Gliomas as a Predictive Factor for Tumor Recurrence – A Clinicopathological Study
Basant H. Sayed, Samia M. Gabal, Ahmed M. Abdalaziz, Dalia Abd El-Kareem
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences.2023; 11(A): 221. CrossRef
Epidemiological Trends in Childhood Cancer in Saudi Arabia
Nazim Faisal Hamid, Fayez Muawwadh Albalawi, Abdulrahman Abdullah Aloufi, Rawapy Ali Hamas, Nasser Awadh H Alanazi, Tariq Hulayyil Alanazi
Clinical Cancer Investigation Journal.2022; 11(5): 42. CrossRef

COVID-19: Systematic Review

Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 amongst HIV patients: a systematic literature review: Thomas Massarvva; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021036. Published online May 17, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021036

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The global pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in the city of Wuhan, China around December 2019. Since then, the virus has caused severe morbidity and mortality worldwide and has put pressure on the global medical system. Still, there are limited data regarding the clinical impact of COVID-19 on people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The primary aim of this study was, therefore, to systematically review up-to-date studies reporting the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 amongst HIV patients.

METHODS

A thorough literature search was carried out using MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library Databases in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines.

RESULTS

A total of 22 studies were identified. Amongst 730 HIV/COVID-19-coinfected patients, 79.4% were males, the median age was 51.5 years, and the number of reported patients receiving antiretroviral drugs was 708 (97.2%). Most coinfected patients had mild to moderate symptoms, including cough (37.7%), fever (37.5%), and dyspnoea (24.7%). Among pre-existing comorbidities, hypertension (26.3%) was the most prevalent in HIV/COVID-19 coinfected patients, and 87% of coinfected patients recovered.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the existing data in this systematic literature review, HIV patients with pre-existing comorbidities, obesity, and older age should be considered as a high-risk group for COVID-19. Furthermore, coinfected patients appear to have marginally comparable clinical outcomes with the general population. The study’s findings highlight the need for further investigation to elucidate the impact of COVID-19 infection on HIV patients.

Summary

Key Message
In this systematic literature review, various aspects of COVID-19 outcomes amongst HIV patients are identified and quantified, including the proportion of different symptoms, severity, pre-existing comorbidities, recovery, death, and the most commonly prescribed antiretroviral drugs in HIV patients with COVID-19 coinfection.

Citations

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Double Trouble Co-Infections: Understanding the Correlation Between COVID-19 and HIV Viruses
Sassi Ashraf Ali Abbasi, Tarika Noor, Maneeth Mylavarapu, Monika Sahotra, Hunmble A Bashir, Rakshita Ramesh Bhat, Urmi Jindal, Uzma Amin, Anushree V, Humza F Siddiqui
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

COVID-19: Original Article

The anatomy of COVID-19 comorbidity networks among hospitalized Korean patients: Eun Kyong Shin, Hyo Young Choi, Neil Hayes; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021035. Published online May 7, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021035

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We aimed to examine how comorbidities were associated with outcomes (illness severity or death) among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

METHODS

Data were provided by the National Medical Center of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. These data included the clinical and epidemiological information of all patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who were discharged on or before April 30, 2020 in Korea. We conducted comorbidity network and multinomial logistic regression analyses to identify risk factors associated with COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. The outcome variable was the clinical severity score (CSS), categorized as mild (oxygen treatment not needed), severe (oxygen treatment needed), or death.

RESULTS

In total, 5,771 patients were included. In the fully adjusted model, chronic kidney disease (CKD) (odds ratio [OR], 2.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19 to 5.61) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR, 3.19; 95% CI, 1.35 to 7.52) were significantly associated with disease severity. CKD (OR, 5.35; 95% CI, 2.00 to 14.31), heart failure (HF) (OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.22 to 8.15), malignancy (OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.59 to 7.17), dementia (OR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.45 to 4.72), and diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.46 to 3.49) were associated with an increased risk of death. Asthma and hypertension showed statistically insignificant associations with an increased risk of death.

CONCLUSIONS

Underlying diseases contribute differently to the severity of COVID-19. To efficiently allocate limited medical resources, underlying comorbidities should be closely monitored, particularly CKD, COPD, and HF.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 2019 년 코로나 바이러스 질환 (COVID-19)으로 입원 한 환자의 합병증이 결과 (질병 중증도 또는 사망)와 어떤 관련이 있는지를 동반 질환 네트워크 및 다항 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 통해 분석하였다. 기저 질환은 COVID-19의 중증도 및 사망에 차별적으로 영향을 미친다. 제한된 의료 자원을 효율적으로 활용하기 위해서 환자의 기저 동반 질환 중, 특히 만성 신장 질환 (CKD), 만성 폐쇄성 폐 질환 (COPD), 심부전 (HF)을 더욱 면밀히 모니터링해야 한다.

Key Message
We examined how comorbidities were associated with outcomes (illness severity or death) among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), implementing comorbidity network and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Underlying diseases contribute differently to the severity of COVID-19. To efficiently allocate limited medical resources, underlying comorbidities should be closely monitored, particularly chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and heart failure (HF).

Citations

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SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 illness course and outcome in people with pre-existing neurodegenerative disorders: systematic review with frequentist and Bayesian meta-analyses
Muhannad Smadi, Melina Kaburis, Youval Schnapper, Gabriel Reina, Patricio Molero, Marc L. Molendijk
The British Journal of Psychiatry.2023; 223(2): 348. CrossRef
Asthma and COPD as co-morbidities in patients hospitalised with Covid-19 disease: a global systematic review and meta-analysis
James Patrick Finnerty, A. B. M. Arad Hussain, Aravind Ponnuswamy, Hafiz Gulzeb Kamil, Ammar Abdelaziz
BMC Pulmonary Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Original Articles

The epidemiology of amoebiasis in Thi-Qar Province, Iraq (2015-2020): differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar using nested and real-time polymerase chain reaction: Mohammed Hassan Flaih, Ruaa Majid Khazaal, Manar Karem Kadhim, Khwam Reissan Hussein, Falah Abd Bashir Alhamadani; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021034. Published online May 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021034

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to evaluate the present status of amoebiasis in Thi-Qar Province in southern Iraq, and to determine the presence of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar with nested and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

METHODS

Epidemiological data were obtained from the public health department of the Thi-Qar Health Office (2015-2020). Eighty stool samples were also randomly collected from patients ≤12 year of age with diarrhea at 2 hospitals between the beginning of February 2020 and the end of October 2020. These samples were selected after microscopy to identify the 18S rRNA gene in Entamoeba DNA.

RESULTS

Of the 341,554 cases of intestinal parasitic infections, 38,004 (11.1%) individuals were recorded as having amoebiasis, which accounted for the highest proportion of infections in 2015 (26.1%) and the lowest in 2020 (8.1%). Amoebiasis was distributed among all age groups, with the age group of 5-14 years accounting for the highest proportion (27.3%). In molecular testing, 42 (52.5%) out of 80 samples were positive for the 18S rRNA gene (888 bp). Using nested PCR, E. histolytica (439 bp) was detected in 25 (31.3%) samples and E. dispar (174 bp) in 14 (17.5%), while using real-time PCR, E. histolytica and E. dispar were detected in 28 (35.0%) and 15 (18.8%) samples, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Epidemiological data confirmed that amoebiasis is endemic in this province, and is not limited to certain months. Our study confirms the applicability of molecular identification to detect pathogenic and non-pathogenic Entamoeba to prescribe the appropriate drug.

Summary

Key Message
Our study conducted an epidemiologic evaluation of amoebiasis (2015-2020). Amoebiasis is considered a health burden and uncontrolled disease, is endemic in Thi-Qar Province, and is not related with certain months. This study suggests that molecular diagnosis is necessary before the treatment. Both Nested and RT PCR assays are beneficial to diagnose Entamoeba spp.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Molecular Detection of a Pathogenic Entamoeba among Symptomatic Children in Eastern Kurdistan of Iraq
Sham Jamil Abdullah, Shahnaz Abdulkader Ali
Polish Journal of Microbiology.2024; 73(1): 99. CrossRef
Global burden and trends of the Entamoeba infection-associated diseases from 1990 to 2019: An observational trend study
Xiaofang Fu, Yonghong Zhong, Liyan Chen, Minjie Ge, Min Yu, Yibo Sun, Linfeng Shen
Acta Tropica.2023; 240: 106866. CrossRef

Health inequalities of 57,541 prisoners in Korea: a comparison with the general population: Seohyun Yoon, Young-Su Ju, Jaehong Yoon, Ji-Hwan Kim, Bokyoung Choi, Seung-Sup Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021033. Published online May 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021033

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to examine health disparities between prisoners and the general population in Korea.

METHODS

We sought to estimate the prevalence of 17 physical and mental diseases using the nationwide medication prescription dataset among the total population of prisoners (n=57,541) in Korea. Age- and sex- standardized prevalence ratios (SPRs) were estimated to compare the disease prevalence between the prisoners and the general population. The disease prevalence for the general population was calculated from the prescription dataset for a representative of the Korean population (n=926,246) from the 2013 Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. Furthermore, the prevalence of these diseases was compared between prisoners and a low-income segment of the general population (n=159,781).

RESULTS

Compared to the general population, prisoners had higher prevalence of almost all physical and mental diseases, including hyperlipidemia (SPR, 20.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 19.43 to 20.94), pulmonary tuberculosis (SPR, 9.58; 95% CI, 7.91 to 11.50), diabetes (SPR, 6.13; 95% CI, 5.96 to 6.31), cancer (SPR, 2.36; 95% CI, 2.07 to 2.68), and depression (SPR, 46.73; 95% CI, 44.14 to 49.43). When compared with the low-income population segment, higher prevalence were still found among prisoners for most diseases, including pulmonary tuberculosis (SPR, 6.39; 95% CI, 5.27 to 7.67) and depression (SPR, 34.71; 95% CI, 32.79 to 36.72).

CONCLUSIONS

We found that prisoners were more likely to be unhealthy than the general population, even in comparison with a low-income segment of the general population in Korea.

Summary

Korean summary
이 연구는 대한민국 재소자 전수(전국 총 52개 정부운영 교정시설 재소자 57,541명)를 대상으로 법무부 전체 구금시설 의료실태 현황조사 자료를 이용해 신체적∙정신적 건강상태를 파악하고자 하였다. 그 결과를 성∙연령별 표준화율을 적용해 일반인구집단의 국민건강보험공단 표본 코호트 자료와 비교했을 때 재소자들은 고지혈증, 폐결핵, 우울증 등 대부분의 질병에서 일반인구집단보다 더 높은 유병률을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 저소득 일반인구집단과의 비교에서도 유사하게 나타났다.

Key Message
This study aimed to assess mental and physical health conditions among the total population of 57,541 prisoners in all 52 government correctional facilities. And we sought to estimate age- and sex- standardized prevalence ratios to compare the disease prevalence between the prisoners and the general population. Prisoners were more likely to have most of physical and mental diseases (including hyperlipidemia, pulmonary tuberculosis, and depression) than the general population in Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among participants of the national LTBI screening program in South Korea – A problem of low coverage rate with current LTBI strategy
Hyung Woo Kim, Jinsoo Min, Joon Young Choi, Ah Young Shin, Jun-Pyo Myong, Yunhee Lee, Hyeon Woo Yim, Hyunsuk Jeong, Sanghyuk Bae, Hoyong Choi, Hyekyung In, Ahyoung Park, Miri Jang, Hyeon-Kyoung Koo, Sung-Soon Lee, Jae Seuk Park, Ju Sang Kim
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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