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High frequency of colonization by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacilli in hemodialysis patients and their household contacts in Colombia: dissemination between the community and the hospital
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Daniela Montoya-Urrego, Sara Tellez-Carrasquilla, Johanna M. Vanegas, Judy Natalia Jiménez Quiceno
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Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022069. Published online August 27, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022069
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Abstract
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing colonization by beta-lactam-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (BR-GNB) represents a risk for infections and bacterial resistance spread, both in hospitals and the community. Hemodialysis patients and their household contacts regularly transit between these environments. This study investigated the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of BR-GNB colonization in hemodialysis patients and their household contacts, as well as the genetic relationship between their isolates.
METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on hemodialysis patients at a hospital-associated dialysis center in Medellín, Colombia and their household contacts. Clinical and epidemiological information was collected. Colonization was assessed from stool or rectal swab samples. Bacterial identification and susceptibility were determined using chromogenic media and Vitek-2. Molecular characterization included beta-lactamase detection by polymerase chain reaction, multiple-locus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and identification of Escherichia coli phylogroups by the Clermont protocol.
RESULTS This study included 36 hemodialysis patients and 90 household contacts. Colonization by BR-GNB occurred in 58.3% of patients and 22.2% of household contacts. The main beta-lactamase detected was CTX-M group-1 (40.5%). In 3 of the 9 homes that had more than 1 colonized individual, a genetic relationship was found. MLST showed a high diversity in E. coli isolates, and the most frequent phylogroups were B1 and B2.
CONCLUSIONS These results show a high frequency of colonization and the presence of potentially pathogenic BR-GBN both in hospitals and the community. This highlights the importance of populations who move between those 2 environments, and the need to prevent the spread of bacterial resistance outside hospitals.
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Summary
Key Message
Colonization by beta-lactam-resistant Gram-negative bacilli has increased in hospitals and communities. Populations that constantly move between these 2 environments, such as hemodialysis patients and their household contacts, can transport these bacteria and turn their homes into potential reservoirs. In this work, a high frequency of colonization was found in patients and household contacts, as well as a high diversity of E. coli isolates, suggesting different sources of acquisition. However, there could be an exchange of potentially pathogenic resistant bacteria in homes. This highlights the importance of including these populations in epidemiological surveillance and interventions to prevent bacterial resistance spread.
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Citations
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