-
A cholera outbreak in Alborz Province, Iran: a matched case-control study
-
Ghobad Moradi, Mohammad Aziz Rasouli, Parvin Mohammadi, Elham Elahi, Hojatollah Barati
-
Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016018. Published online May 14, 2016
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016018
-
-
21,366
View
-
260
Download
-
7
Web of Science
-
10
Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF
-
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A total of 229 confirmed cholera cases were reported in Alborz Province during an outbreak that lasted from June 2011 to August 2011. This study aimed to identify potential sources of transmission in order to determine suitable interventions in similar outbreaks. In other words, the lessons learned from this retrospective study can be utilized to manage future similar outbreaks.
METHODS An age-matched and sex-matched case-control study was conducted during the outbreak. For each case, two control subjects were selected from the neighborhood. A case of cholera was defined as a bacteriologically confirmed case with signs and symptoms of cholera. This study was conducted from June 14, 2011 through August 23, 2011. The data were analyzed by calculating odds ratios (ORs) using the logistic regression method.
RESULTS In this outbreak, 229 confirmed cholera cases were diagnosed. The following risk factors were found to be associated with cholera: consumption of unrefrigerated leftover food (OR, 3.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.72 to 5.41), consumption of vegetables and fruits in the previous three days (OR, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.95 to 3.89), and a history of traveling in the previous five days (OR, 5.31; 95% CI, 2.21 to 9.72).
CONCLUSIONS Consumption of vegetables and fruits has remained an unresolved risk factor in cholera outbreaks in Iran in recent years. In order to reduce the risk of cholera, sanitary standards for fruits and vegetables should be observed at all points from production to consumption, the population should be educated regarding hygienic food storage during outbreaks, and sanitary standards should be maintained when traveling during cholera outbreaks.
-
Summary
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Cholera outbreak at a city hotel in Kenya, 2017: a retrospective cohort study
Philip Ngere, Elvis Oyugi, Alexis Niyomwungere, Scolastica Wabwire, Adi Dahabo, Daniel Langat, Raphael Muli, Maurice Owiny Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Cholera outbreak investigation report in Mille woreda, Afar region, Ethiopia, 2019
Hana Mekonen, Kefyalew Amene, Dr Samrawit Bisrat, Tesfahun Abye MOJ Women s Health.2022; 11(2): 63. CrossRef - Risk Factors of Cholera Transmission in Al Hudaydah, Yemen: Case-Control Study
Abdulqawi Mohammed Qaserah, Mohammed Abdullah Al Amad, Abdulwahed Abduljabbar Al Serouri, Yousef Saleh Khader JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2021; 7(7): e27627. CrossRef - Prevention and control of cholera with household and community water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions: A scoping review of current international guidelines
Lauren D’Mello-Guyett, Karin Gallandat, Rafael Van den Bergh, Dawn Taylor, Gregory Bulit, Dominique Legros, Peter Maes, Francesco Checchi, Oliver Cumming, Andrew S. Azman PLOS ONE.2020; 15(1): e0226549. CrossRef - Risk factors associated with the recent cholera outbreak in Yemen: a case-control study
Fekri Dureab, Albrecht Jahn, Johannes Krisam, Asma Dureab, Omer Zain, Sameh Al-Awlaqi, Olaf Müller Epidemiology and Health.2019; 41: e2019015. CrossRef - Individual and household exposures associated with cholera transmission in case–control studies: a systematic review
Matthew D. Phelps, Lone Simonsen, Peter K. M. Jensen Tropical Medicine & International Health.2019; 24(10): 1151. CrossRef - Cholera case management in Harare City, 2018: are we doing the right things right?
Govha Emmanuel, Paul Musarurwa, Christine Gabaza, Taurai Masango, Shambira Gerald, Gombe Tafara Notion, Juru Tsitsi Patience, Tshimanga Mufuta
Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health
.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - H2S is a key antisecretory molecule against cholera toxin-induced diarrhoea in mice: Evidence for non-involvement of the AC/cAMP/PKA pathway and AMPK
Francisca B.M. Sousa, Luan K.M. Souza, Nayara A. Sousa, Thiago S.L. Araújo, Simone de Araújo, Dvison M. Pacífico, Irismara S. Silva, Renan O. Silva, Lucas A.D. Nicolau, Fabiana M. Souza, Marcelo C. Filgueiras, Jefferson S. Oliveira, Marcellus H.L.P. Souza Nitric Oxide.2018; 76: 152. CrossRef - Individual and Household Risk Factors for Symptomatic Cholera Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Aaron Richterman, Duarxy Rodcnel Sainvilien, Lauren Eberly, Louise C Ivers The Journal of Infectious Diseases.2018; 218(suppl_3): S154. CrossRef - Comparison of two control groups for estimation of oral cholera vaccine effectiveness using a case-control study design
Molly F. Franke, J. Gregory Jerome, Wilfredo R. Matias, Ralph Ternier, Isabelle J. Hilaire, Jason B. Harris, Louise C. Ivers Vaccine.2017; 35(43): 5819. CrossRef
|