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Association between plant-based diets and the risk of coronary heart disease predicted using the Framingham Risk Score in Korean men: data from the HEXA cohort study
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Khongorzul Ganbat, Bayarmaa Nasan Ulzii, Sangah Shin
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Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024035. Published online February 28, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024035
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the potential correlation between 4 plant-based diet indices and the predicted risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Korean men using the Framingham Risk Score.
METHODS The study included 12,356 men participants (aged ≥40 years) from the Health Examinees Study. Dietary intake was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Four plant-based diet indices were measured, including the overall plant-based diet index, the healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI), the unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI), and the pro-vegetarian diet index. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the predicted 10-year risk of CHD.
RESULTS The study found that individuals in the highest hPDI quintile had a 19% lower risk score for CHD based on the Framingham Risk Score (model 3: HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.93; p for trend=0.010). In stratified analyses, the highest pro-vegetarian diet index was associated with a lower risk score for CHD in physically active individuals (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.93; p for interaction=0.020). Conversely, the highest uPDI was associated with the highest risk score for CHD in those with a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 and a waist circumference ≥90 cm.
CONCLUSIONS This prospective cohort study highlights the positive role of adhering to a high hPDI diet in the prevention of CHD in Korean men. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the association between various plant-based diet indices and the risk of CHD in Asian populations with different dietary habits.
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Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 한국 남성의 관상 동맥 심장 질환(CHD) 위험을 줄이는데 있어서 식이 패턴, 특히 건강한 식물성 식이 지수의 역할이 중요함을 강조한다. 높은 hPDI지수를 가진 사람이 CHD 위험이 유의미하게 19% 감소하는 것은 건강한 식물성 기반 식단 선택이 심혈관 건강에 미칠 수 있는 잠재된 영향력을 강조한다.
Key Message
The study highlights the important role of dietary patterns, especially healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI), in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) among Korean men. A significant 19% reduction in CHD risk associated with the highest hPDI underscores the potential impact of dietary choices on cardiovascular health.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Associations between plant-based diets and cardiovascular disease, frailty, and cognitive dysfunction in middle and old age: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Shipeng Zhang, Yanjie Jiang, Hanyu Wang, Qiqi Liu, Xingyi He, Moshen Pan, Yuecan Chen, Jiahui Xiong, Ze Chen, Pin Liu, Honglu Huang, Xiaocui Wang, Lu Wang, Junwen Tan, Caishan Fang, Qinwei Fu, Xinrong Li, Qinxiu Zhang, Yan Lu, Xueying Li
Food & Function.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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