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Guts of healthy humans, livestock, and pets harbor critical-priority and high-risk Escherichia coli clones
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Idris Nasir Abdullahi, Islem Trabelsi
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Epidemiol Health. 2025;47:e2025013. Published online March 22, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025013
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
In May 2024, the World Health Organization classified carbapenem (CARB)- and third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) resistance (R) in <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> as a critical priority, whereas colistin (COL) is a “last resort” antibiotic for their treatment. This meta-analysis evaluated the pooled prevalence, high-risk lineages, genetic relatedness, and mechanisms of CARB<sup>R</sup>, COL<sup>R</sup>, and 3GC<sup>R</sup> in <italic>E. coli</italic> from healthy humans and animals.
METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) criteria on all eligible studies that reported the analysis of <italic>E. coli</italic>, and antimicrobial susceptibility to CARB, COL and 3GC in <italic>E. coli</italic> from gut samples of clinically healthy humans, livestock, and pets from June 2014 to June 2024. Random-effect models and conserved signature indels phylogeny 1.4 were used to determine pooled prevalence rates (PPs) and the relatedness of publicly available <italic>E. coli</italic> genomes, respectively.
RESULTS Of the 5,034 identified articles, 64 studies were deemed eligible. The overall PPs of 3GC<sup>R</sup>, CARB<sup>R</sup>, and COL<sup>R</sup> <italic>E. coli</italic> were 22.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.5 to 28.3), 2.2% (95% CI, 1.0 to 4.7), and 15.5% (95% CI, 10.8 to 21.8), respectively. The PPs of 3GC<sup>R</sup>-, COL<sup>R</sup>- and CARB<sup>R</sup> <italic>E. coli</italic> significantly varied by hosts, continent, and year of studies (p<0.05). Diverse <italic>E. coli</italic> lineages were found, including 13 high-risk <italic>E. coli</italic> sequence types (STs), within which ST10 predominated. Phylogenomic analyses produced 4 clusters of related CARB<sup>R</sup>- and COL<sup>R</sup> <italic>E. coli</italic> strains (<25 single nucleotide polymorphism): ST940-<italic>bla</italic><sub>OXA-181</sub> from humans in Lebanon, ST617-<italic>mcr</italic>-1 from pigs in China, ST46-<italic>mcr</italic>-1 from poultry in Tanzania, and ST1720-<italic>mcr</italic>-1 from goats in France.
CONCLUSIONS COL<sup>R</sup> and 3GC<sup>R</sup> are more frequent than CARB<sup>R</sup> in gut <italic>E. coli</italic>. These 10-year epidemiological data highlight the persistence and transmission of critical priority and high-risk <italic>E. coli</italic> strains in healthy humans and animals, raising significant One Health concerns.
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Distribution pattern and prevalence of West Nile virus infection in Nigeria from 1950 to 2020: a systematic review
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Idris Nasir Abdullahi, Anthony Uchenna Emeribe, Peter Elisha Ghamba, Pius Omoruyi Omosigho, Zakariyya Muhammad Bello, Bamidele Soji Oderinde, Samuel Ayobami Fasogbon, Lawal Olayemi, Isa Muhammad Daneji, Muhammad Hamis Musa, Justin Onyebuchi Nwofe, Nkechi Blessing Onukegbe, Chukwudi Crescent Okume, Sanusi Musa, Abubakar Muhammad Gwarzo, Odunayo Oyetola Rahmat Ajagbe
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Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020071. Published online November 26, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020071
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10
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Abstract
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
West Nile virus (WNV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne viral infection. This study investigated the pooled prevalence pattern and risk factors of WNV infection among humans and animals in Nigeria.
METHODS A systematic review was conducted of eligible studies published in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science from January 1, 1950 to August 30, 2020. Peer-reviewed cross-sectional studies describing WNV infections in humans and animals were systematically reviewed. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q statistic.
RESULTS Eighteen out of 432 available search output were eligible and included for this study. Of which 13 and 5 were WNV studies on humans and animals, respectively. Although 61.5% of the human studies had a low risk of bias, they all had high heterogeneity. The South West geopolitical zone of Nigeria had the highest pooled prevalence of anti-WNV immunoglobulin M (IgM; 7.8% in humans). The pooled seroprevalence of anti-WNV IgM and immunoglobulin G (IgG) was 7.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.9 to 8.3) and 76.5% (95% CI, 74.0 to 78.8), respectively. The WNV RNA prevalence was 1.9% (95% CI, 1.4 to 2.9), while 14.3% (95% CI, 12.9 to 15.8) had WNV-neutralizing antibodies. In animals, the pooled seroprevalence of anti-WNV IgM and IgG was 90.3% (95% CI, 84.3 to 94.6) and 3.5% (95% CI, 1.9 to 5.8), respectively, while 20.0% (95% CI, 12.9 to 21.4) had WNV-neutralizing antibodies. Age (odds ratio [OR], 3.73; 95% CI, 1.87 to 7.45; p<0.001) and level of education (no formal education: OR, 4.31; 95% CI, 1.08 to 17.2; p<0.05; primary: OR, 7.29; 95% CI, 1.80 to 29.6; p<0.01) were significant risk factors for WNV IgM seropositivity in humans.
CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study highlight the endemicity of WNV in animals and humans in Nigeria and underscore the need for the One Health prevention and control approach.
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Summary
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Seroprevalence of West Nile Fever and Associated Risk Factors in Livestock of Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia
Jemberu Alemu Megenas, Mengistu Legesse Dadi, Tesfu Kassa Mekonnen, James W. Larrick, Gezahegne Mamo Kassa
Veterinary Sciences.2025; 12(2): 141. CrossRef - Epidemiology of arboviruses in humans and livestock in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Alemu Gedefie, Habtu Debash, Altaseb Beyene Kassaw, Gossa Mankelkl, Yeshi Metaferia, Melaku Ashagrie Belete, Sisay Desale, Saleamlak Sebsibe, Mihret Tilahun, Bruktawit Eshetu, Agumas Shibabaw, Yeshimebet Kassa, Hussen Ebrahim, Zewudu Mulatie, Ermiyas Alem
BMC Infectious Diseases.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Seropositivity of West Nile virus among acute febrile patients in Ilorin, Nigeria
Mutiat Busayo Odebisi-Omokanye, Muhammed Mustapha Suleiman, Mariam Kehinde Sulaiman, Sidiq Abubakar Atolagbe
Problems of Virology.2024; 69(4): 320. CrossRef - Toward evidence-informed policymaking in Nigeria? A systematic review of agricultural evidence syntheses
Toyib Aremu
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Comparison of West Nile Virus Disease in Humans and Horses: Exploiting Similarities for Enhancing Syndromic Surveillance
Erika R. Schwarz, Maureen T. Long
Viruses.2023; 15(6): 1230. CrossRef - Seroprevalence of IgG Antibodies Directed against Dengue, Chikungunya and West Nile Viruses and Associated Risk Factors in Madagascar, 2011 to 2013
Anaïs Broban, Marie-Marie Olive, Michael Luciano Tantely, Anne-Claire Dorsemans, Fanjasoa Rakotomanana, Jean-Pierre Ravalohery, Christophe Rogier, Jean-Michel Heraud, Soa Fy Andriamandimby
Viruses.2023; 15(8): 1707. CrossRef - Non-traumatic coma in young children in Benin: are viral and bacterial infections gaining ground on cerebral malaria?
Josselin Brisset, Karl Angendu Baki, Laurence Watier, Elisée Kinkpé, Justine Bailly, Linda Ayédadjou, Maroufou Jules Alao, Ida Dossou-Dagba, Gwladys I. Bertin, Michel Cot, Farid Boumédiène, Daniel Ajzenberg, Agnès Aubouy, Sandrine Houzé, Jean-François Fau
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - A Scoping Review of West Nile Virus Seroprevalence Studies among African Equids
Olaolu T. Olufemi, Marta Barba, Janet M. Daly
Pathogens.2021; 10(7): 899. CrossRef
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