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Cancer risk based on alcohol consumption levels: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
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Seunghee Jun, Hyunjin Park, Ui-Jeong Kim, Eun Jeong Choi, Hye Ah Lee, Bomi Park, Soon Young Lee, Sun Ha Jee, Hyesook Park
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Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023092. Published online October 16, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023092
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Abstract
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alcohol consumption is a well-established risk factor for cancer. Despite extensive research into the relationship between alcohol consumption and cancer risk, the effect of light alcohol consumption on cancer risk remains a topic of debate. To contribute to this discourse, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS Our systematic review aimed to investigate the associations between different levels of alcohol consumption and the risk of several cancer types. We focused on analyzing prospective associations using data from 139 cohort studies. Among them, 106 studies were included in the meta-analysis after a quantitative synthesis.
RESULTS Our analysis did not find a significant association between light alcohol consumption and all-cause cancer risk (relative risk, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.99 to 1.04), but we observed a dose-response relationship. Light alcohol consumption was significantly associated with higher risks of esophageal, colorectal, and breast cancers. Light to moderate drinking was associated with elevated risks of esophageal, colorectal, laryngeal, and breast cancers. Heavy drinking was also found to contribute to the risk of stomach, liver, pancreas, and prostate cancers, thereby increasing the risk of almost all types of cancer. Additionally, females generally had lower cancer risks compared to males.
CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight that cancer risks extend beyond heavy alcohol consumption to include light alcohol consumption as well. These findings suggest that there is no safe level of alcohol consumption associated with cancer risk. Our results underscore the importance of public health interventions addressing alcohol consumption to mitigate cancer risks.
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Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 코호트 연구를 기반으로 하여 음주의 수준에 따른 암 위험 연관성에 대해 체계적 문헌고찰(139편)과 메타분석(106편)을 수행하였다. 연구 결과, 음주와 암 위험 사이에 용량-반응 관계가 나타났으며, 소량의 음주는 암 유형에 따라 차이가 있었으나, 식도암, 대장암, 전립선암(남성), 유방암(여성)에서 암 위험과의 연관성이 있음을 발견했다. 따라서, 암 위험 측면에서 음주에 안전한 수준이 없음을 시사하며, 음주와 관련된 잠재적 피해를 완화하기 위해서는 음주 지침 강화와 같은 공중보건개입이 필요하다.
Key Message
The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between different levels of alcohol consumption and the risk of various cancer types through a systematic review and meta-analysis, providing insights into the ongoing debate about alcohol consumption and cancer causality. The findings support a dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption levels and cancer risk and the light alcohol consumption was associated with risks of esophageal, colorectal, prostate (male), and breast (female) cancer. These results emphasize the absence of a safe threshold for alcohol consumption in terms of cancer risk.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Exploring genetic associations of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis with extraintestinal cancers in European and East Asian populations
Chengdong Yu, Jiawei Xu, Siyi Xu, Lei Tang, Qinyuan Han, Xiaoqiang Zeng, Yanxiao Huang, Tenghua Yu, Zhengkui Sun Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - The Impact of Tobacco Smoking and Alcohol Consumption on the Development of Gastric Cancers
Waku Hatta, Tomoyuki Koike, Naoki Asano, Yutaka Hatayama, Yohei Ogata, Masahiro Saito, Xiaoyi Jin, Kaname Uno, Akira Imatani, Atsushi Masamune International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(14): 7854. CrossRef - Genetic Heterogeneity Across Dimensions of Alcohol Use Behaviors
Jeanne E. Savage, Peter B. Barr, Tanya Phung, Younga H. Lee, Yingzhe Zhang, Vivia V. McCutcheon, Tian Ge, Jordan W. Smoller, Lea K. Davis, Jacquelyn Meyers, Bernice Porjesz, Danielle Posthuma, Travis T. Mallard, Sandra Sanchez-Roige American Journal of Psychiatry.2024; 181(11): 1006. CrossRef - To Drink or Not to Drink? Investigating Alcohol’s Impact on Prostate Cancer Risk
Aris Kaltsas, Michael Chrisofos, Evangelos N. Symeonidis, Athanasios Zachariou, Marios Stavropoulos, Zisis Kratiras, Ilias Giannakodimos, Asterios Symeonidis, Fotios Dimitriadis, Nikolaos Sofikitis Cancers.2024; 16(20): 3453. CrossRef - Factors associated with acquiring exercise habits through health guidance for metabolic syndrome among middle-aged Japanese workers: A machine learning approach
Jiawei Wan, Kyohsuke Wakaba, Takeshi Onoue, Kazuyo Tsushita, Yoshio Nakata Preventive Medicine Reports.2024; 48: 102915. CrossRef - Development of an algorithm for identifying paraneoplastic ischemic stroke in association with lung, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer
Rebecca Kassubek, Marc-Andre G. R. Winter, Jens Dreyhaupt, Mona Laible, Jan Kassubek, Albert C. Ludolph, Jan Lewerenz Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Alimentación y cáncer
Carlos A. González Svatetz FMC - Formación Médica Continuada en Atención Primaria.2024; 31(8): 403. CrossRef - Alcohol consumption and its association with cancer, cardiovascular, liver and brain diseases: a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies
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Changes in eating behaviors according to household income in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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Hye Ah Lee, Ho Jung Lee, Bomi Park, Yoonhee Shin, Hyunjin Park, Hyesook Park
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Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022102. Published online November 9, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022102
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7,048
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141
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2
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4
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Abstract
Summary
PDFSupplementary Material
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess social inequalities in changes in dietary behaviors among adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we compared changes in dietary behavior indicators by household income.
METHODS Using cross-sectional data from the 2019 and 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the prevalence of dietary behaviors in adolescents (12-18 years old) was estimated and changes in dietary behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic were evaluated. We assessed changes in dietary behaviors with a household income (as a measure of socioeconomic status, SES) disparity.
RESULTS During the COVID-19 pandemic, the average consumption of vegetables decreased and food insecurity worsened. Adolescents were more likely to skip breakfast than before COVID-19 (33.1 and 37.4%). Soft drink consumption also increased in 2020 from 2019 (7.6 and 14.8%), especially among boys. Average sugar intake and sodium intake showed a tendency to decrease only in girls, but there was no significant difference according to SES level. Skipping breakfast was particularly evident in the low-SES group, and the difference according to household income level (high vs. low) was greater during COVID-19 than before. The prevalence of soft drink consumption increased significantly in the low-SES group, but the rate of increase did not differ by SES level.
CONCLUSIONS We found that the social disparity in skipping breakfast was further aggravated during the COVID-19 pandemic. To reach a better understanding of the dietary behaviors of adolescents, continuous monitoring is necessary.
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Summary
Korean summary
국민건강영양조사 자료를 활용하여, COVID-19 팬데믹 전후 청소년의 식생활 변화 및 가구소득 수준에 따른 차이를 평가하였다. 대체로, 평균 채소 섭취량은 감소하고 탄산음료 소비는 증가한 것으로 나타났으며, 아침식사 결식율도 약간 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 게다가, 가구소득 수준에 따라 평가하였을 때, 아침식사 결식율 증가는 가구소득이 높은 군에 비해 가구소득 수준이 낮은 군에서 두드러진 것으로 나타났다. COVID-19 팬데믹이 장기화됨에 따라, 청소년의 식생활 변화에 대해서는 지속적인 모니터링이 필요하다.
Key Message
Using data from the 2019 and 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, changes in dietary behaviors of adolescents (12-18 years old) during the COVID-19 pandemic were evaluated. During the COVID-19 pandemic, average consumption of vegetables decreased and consumption of soft drinks increased in 2020 from 2019 (7.6% and 14.8%). In addition, the social disparity in skipping breakfast among adolescents was further aggravated. To reach a better understanding of the dietary behaviors of adolescents, continuous monitoring is necessary.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Dietary Changes of Youth during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Nicolas Woods, Jamie A Seabrook, Holly Schaafsma, Shauna Burke, Trish Tucker, Jason Gilliland The Journal of Nutrition.2024; 154(4): 1376. CrossRef - Perceived Familial Financial Insecurity and Obesity Among Korean Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Fumie Kaneko, Eunji Kim, Hokyou Lee, Kokoro Shirai, Ryo Kawasaki, Hyeon Chang Kim Journal of Epidemiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Intake of energy and macronutrients according to household income among elementary, middle, and high school students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Chae-Eun Jeong, Heejin Lee, Jung Eun Lee Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(3): 234. CrossRef - Analysis of health behavior, mental health, and nutritional status among Korean adolescents before and after COVID-19 outbreak: based on the 2019–2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Misun Lee, Sarang Jeong, Chong-Su Kim, Yoon Jung Yang Journal of Nutrition and Health.2023; 56(6): 667. CrossRef
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