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Inequitable distribution of excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea, 2020
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Jin-Hwan Kim, Saerom Kim, Eunhye Park, Chang-yup Kim
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Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022081. Published online September 26, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022081
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study analyzed inequities in excess mortality according to region and socioeconomic position to explain the distribution of excess mortality in Korea in 2020.
METHODS We acquired weekly all-cause mortality data from January 2015 to December 2020 from (1) the National Health Insurance Database and (2) Vital Statistics. Excess mortality for 2020 was calculated by comparing the weekly observed and expected deaths from the same period (2015-2019) using quasi-Poisson regression.
RESULTS An inequitable distribution of excess mortality was identified. The estimated excess mortality in Korea was -29,112 (95% confidence interval, -29,832 to -28,391), corresponding to -55 per 100,000, and the ratio of observed deaths to expected deaths was 0.91. Negative excess mortality was observed except for females in the 0-14 age group. Male Medical Aid beneficiaries showed positive excess mortality, while non-disabled and disabled groups showed similar negative values. When the standardized mortality ratio was calculated for the top 10 causes of death, deaths from Alzheimer’s disease and septicemia increased, whereas those from diabetes mellitus and cerebrovascular disease decreased. The decrease in mortality was primarily concentrated in older adults, while the mortality of young females increased due to increased intentional self-harm.
CONCLUSIONS This study adds essential evidence regarding the overall performance of Korea. The observed inequalities according to various socioeconomic variables indicate that the results of strict measures to control coronavirus disease 2019 were not distributed equitably. Efforts should be made to properly evaluate the current and future problems related to the pandemic.
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Summary
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Universal health coverage saves more lives among severely ill COVID-19 patients: A difference-in-differences analysis of individual patient data in South Korea
Daseul Moon, Jeangeun Jeon, Jieun Park, Min-Hyeok Choi, Myoung-Hee Kim, Hongjo Choi
Health Research Policy and Systems.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Excess Deaths in Korea During the COVID-19 Pandemic: 2020-2022
So-Jin Im, Ji-Yeon Shin, Duk-Hee Lee
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2024; 57(5): 480. CrossRef - Did the socioeconomic inequalities in avoidable and unavoidable mortality worsen during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea?
Rora Oh, Myoung-Hee Kim, Juyeon Lee, Rangkyoung Ha, Jungwook Kim
Epidemiology and Health.2023; 45: e2023072. CrossRef
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