Figure 1Flow chart of Hallym Aging Study.
Figure 2Mini Mental State Examination score according to height quartile group among men.
Figure 3Mini Mental State Examination score according to height quartile group among women.
Table 1Characteristics of participants by cognitive function
|
|
Men
|
Women
|
Cognitive impairment (n = 43) |
Normal (n = 185) |
p-value |
Cognitive impairment (n = 146) |
Normal (n = 131) |
p-vlalue |
Age (yr) |
65-69 |
11 (25.6) |
60 (32.4) |
0.25 |
35 (24.0) |
58 (44.3) |
< 0.001 |
|
70-74 |
16 (37.2) |
79 (42.7) |
|
51 (34.9) |
41 (31.3) |
|
|
≥75 |
16 (37.2) |
46 (24.9) |
|
60 (41.1) |
32 (24.4) |
|
Education (yr) |
0 |
13 (30.2) |
5 (2.7) |
< 0.001 |
100 (68.5) |
10 (7.6) |
< 0.001 |
|
1-5 |
16 (37.2) |
38 (20.5) |
|
37 (25.3) |
62 (47.3) |
|
|
≥6 |
14 (32.6) |
142 (76.8) |
|
9 (6.2) |
59 (45.0) |
|
Smoking |
None |
5 (11.6) |
46 (24.9) |
0.04 |
131 (89.7) |
119 (90.8) |
0.89 |
|
Past |
21 (48.8) |
96 (51.9) |
|
6 (4.1) |
4 (3.1) |
|
|
Current |
17 (39.5) |
43 (23.2) |
|
9 (6.2) |
8 (6.1) |
|
Drinking |
None |
7 (16.3) |
47 (25.4) |
0.31 |
117 (81.3) |
109 (83.9) |
0.84 |
|
Past |
7 (16.3) |
36 (19.5) |
|
7 (4.9) |
6 (4.6) |
|
|
Current |
29 (67.4) |
102 (55.1) |
|
20 (13.9) |
15 (11.5) |
|
Height |
Q1 |
20 (46.5) |
45 (24.9) |
0.01 |
52 (36.1) |
23 (17.7) |
< 0.001 |
|
Q2 |
10 (23.3) |
43 (23.8) |
|
39 (27.1) |
30 (23.1) |
|
|
Q3 |
10 (23.3) |
47 (26.0) |
|
33 (22.9) |
39 (30.0) |
|
|
Q4 |
3 (7.0) |
46 (25.4) |
|
20 (13.9) |
38 (29.2) |
|
Height (cm)* |
|
159.4±6.7 |
162.9±6.5 |
0.002 |
146.8±5.8 |
149.4±5.3 |
< 0.001 |
Table 2Effect of height on decreased cognitive function according to sex
Sex |
Variable |
Low/normal |
cOR |
aOR* |
aOR†
|
Men |
Height (cm) |
|
|
|
|
|
Q4: ≥ 167.1 |
3/46 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
|
Q3: 162.1-167.0 |
10/47 |
3.26 (0.84-12.62) |
3.29 (0.84-12.82) |
2.72 (0.62-11.96) |
|
Q2: 158.1-162.0 |
10/43 |
3.57 (0.92-13.83) |
3.49 (0.89-13.63) |
2.10 (0.70-13.67) |
|
Q1: ≤158.0 |
20/45 |
6.82 (1.89-24.54) |
6.39 (1.75-23.41) |
4.20 (1.02-17.36) |
Women |
Height (cm) |
|
|
|
|
|
Q4: ≥ 152.1 |
20/38 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
|
Q3: 148.1-152.0 |
33/39 |
1.61 (0.79-3.28) |
1.37 (0.66-2.89) |
1.36 (0.53-3.50) |
|
Q2: 144.1-148.0 |
39/30 |
2.47 (1.20-5.08) |
2.25 (1.08-4.72) |
1.24 (0.48-3.23) |
|
Q1: ≤144.0 |
52/23 |
4.29 (2.07-8.92) |
3.34 (1.55-7.20) |
1.65 (0.62-4.40) |