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Original Articles
The association of pancreatic cancer incidence with smoking status and smoking amount in Korean men
Do Jin Nam, Chang-Mo Oh, Eunhee Ha, Min-Ho Kim, Eun Hye Yang, Hyo Choon Lee, Soon Su Shin, Woo Yeon Hwang, Ann Hee You, Jae-Hong Ryoo
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022040.   Published online April 21, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022040
  • 8,455 View
  • 429 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Our study examined the dose-response relationship between smoking amounts (pack-years) and the risk of developing pancreatic cancer in Korean men.
METHODS
Of 125,743 participants who underwent medical health checkups in 2009, 121,408 were included in the final analysis and observed for the development of pancreatic cancer. We evaluated the associations between smoking amounts and incident pancreatic cancer in 4 groups classified by pack-year amounts. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident pancreatic cancer by comparing groups 2 (<20 pack-year smokers), 3 (20-≤40 pack-year smokers), and 4 (>40 pack-year smokers) with group 1 (never smokers).
RESULTS
During 527,974.5 person-years of follow-up, 245 incident cases of pancreatic cancer developed between 2009 and 2013. The multivariate-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for incident pancreatic cancer in groups 2, 3, and 4 were 1.05 (0.76 to 1.45), 1.28 (0.91 to 1.80), and 1.57 (1.00 to 2.46), respectively (p for trend=0.025). The HR (95% CI) of former smokers showed a dose-response relationship in the unadjusted model, but did not show a statistically significant association in the multivariate-adjusted model. The HR (95% CI) of current smokers showed a dose-response relationship in both the unadjusted (p for trend=0.020) and multivariate-adjusted models (p for trend=0.050).
CONCLUSIONS
The risk of developing pancreatic cancer was higher in current smokers status than in former smokers among Korean men, indicating that smoking cessation may have a protective effect.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구에서는 대한민국 남성을 대상으로 흡연양 및 흡연상태에 따른 췌장암 발병을 분석하였다. 흡연양이 많을수록, 현재 흡연상태일수록 췌장암 발병이 높았고, 금연한 경우 췌장암의 발병이 낮은 것을 확인할 수 있었다.
Key Message
As a result of analyzing the incidence of pancreatic cancer according to the amount of smoking and smoking status among Korean men, it was confirmed that the more smoked and the current smoking status, the higher the incidence of pancreatic cancer, and the lower the incidence of pancreatic cancer when quitting smoking.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Associations between smoking status and infertility: a cross-sectional analysis among USA women aged 18-45 years
    Sijie He, Li Wan
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Modifiable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) Risk Factors
    Natalia Michalak, Ewa Małecka-Wojciesko
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(13): 4318.     CrossRef
  • Childhood and adulthood passive and active smoking, and the ABO group as risk factors for pancreatic cancer in women
    Anne‐Laure Vedie, Nasser Laouali, Amandine Gelot, Gianluca Severi, Marie‐Christine Boutron‐Ruault, Vinciane Rebours
    United European Gastroenterology Journal.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Effect of tobacco outlet density on quit attempts in Korea: a multi-level analysis of the 2015 Korean Community Health Survey
Jaehyung Kong, Sung-il Cho
Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021048.   Published online August 3, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021048
  • 9,079 View
  • 329 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to examine whether the regional density of tobacco outlets in Korea was associated with the likelihood of attempting to quit among smokers
METHODS
This study was designed as a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional study. Data from the 2015 Korean Community Health Survey and tobacco outlet registrations in 17 metropolitan cities and provinces with 254 communities in Korea were used for the analysis. In total, 41,013 current smokers (≥19 years of age) were included. Multi-level logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate regional differences associated with smokers’ attempts to quit and to evaluate the effects of individual and regional characteristics on quit attempts.
RESULTS
Higher tobacco outlet density was associated with lower odds of attempting to quit. Smokers who resided in districts with the highest tobacco outlet density were 18% less likely to attempt quitting (odds ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.70 to 0.98) than smokers who resided in the regions with the lowest tobacco outlet density (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.030).
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that quit attempts were related to community-level factors, such as tobacco outlet density, as well as other individual factors. These findings support the implementation of national policies restricting the number of tobacco outlets within communities or zones and limiting tobacco marketing in tobacco outlets.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 2015년 지역사회건강조사에 응답한 19세 이상 현재 흡연자 41,013명을 대상으로 금연 시도와 관련된 개인 수준의 요인과 지역 수준의 요인을 파악하기 위하여 다수준 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 개인 수준의 요인뿐만 아니라 거주하는 지역의 담배소매점 밀집도가 흡연자의 금연 시도와 유의한 관계가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 흡연조장환경 개선을 위한 담배 공급 감소 노력의 일환으로 지역사회 수준의 담배소매점 관리 정책이 필요하다.
Key Message
This study aimed to investigate whether the environment related to tobacco retailers impacts adult smokers’ attempts to quit smoking, for the first time in South Korea, using nationwide data on tobacco retailers and current smokers. Smokers who resided in districts with the highest tobacco outlet density were 18% less likely to attempt quitting (odds ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.98) than smokers who resided in the regions with the lowest tobacco outlet density. These findings support the implementation of national policies restricting the number of tobacco outlets within communities or zones and limiting tobacco marketing in tobacco outlets.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Association between area deprivation index and concerns to COVID-19: A multi-level analysis of individual and area factors
    Doo Woong Lee, Jieun Jang, Jaeyong Shin
    SSM - Population Health.2024; 25: 101580.     CrossRef
  • Use of geographically weighted regression models to inform retail endgame strategies in South Korea: application to cigarette and ENDS prevalence
    Heewon Kang, Eunsil Cheon, Jaeyoung Ha, Sung-il Cho
    Tobacco Control.2023; : tc-2023-058117.     CrossRef
Patterns and predictors of smoking relapse among inpatient smoking intervention participants: a 1-year follow-up study in Korea
Seung Eun Lee, Chul-Woung Kim, Hyo-Bin Im, Myungwha Jang
Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021043.   Published online June 9, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021043
  • 10,579 View
  • 414 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 12 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to identify relapse patterns in smokers who participated in an inpatient treatment program and to investigate factors related to relapse.
METHODS
The participants comprised 463 smokers who participated in an inpatient treatment operated by the Daejeon Tobacco Control Center from 2015 to 2018. Participants received high-intensity smoking cessation intervention for 5 consecutive days, including pharmacotherapy and behavioral support, and continued with follow-up for 1 year to determine whether they maintained smoking cessation after discharge from inpatient treatment. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard models were used in the analysis.
RESULTS
Participants’ relapse rate within 1 year was 72.8%, and 59.8% of participants smoked again within 6 months after participation. A higher number of counseling sessions was significantly associated with a lower risk of relapse (hazard ratio [HR], 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17 to 0.32 for ≥9 vs. ≤5 counseling sessions). Conversely, higher relapse rates were significantly associated with the use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) (HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.43 to 2.55 for use vs. no use), and higher levels of baseline expired carbon monoxide (CO) (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.21 to 2.06 for expired CO concentrations of 10-19 ppm vs. expired CO concentrations <10 ppm).
CONCLUSIONS
High-intensity smoking cessation interventions in hospital settings can be effective for smoking cessation in smokers with high nicotine dependence. In addition, the results suggest that for quitters to maintain long-term abstinence, they should receive regular follow-up counseling for 1 year after completing a high-intensity smoking cessation intervention.
Summary
Korean summary
• 한국은 국가금연정책의 일환으로 중증고도흡연자를 위해 고강도의 입원형 금연 중재 프로그램을 운영하고 있다. • 고강도 금연 중재를 받은 후 첫 6개월은 재흡연이 가장 빈번히 일어나는 시기였다. • 장기 금연을 유지하기 위해서는 고강도 금연 중재 후에도 1년간 지속적인 추후 상담이 이루어져야 한다.
Key Message
• South Korea operates a high-intensity inpatient treatment program for heavy smokers. • Relapse typically occurred in the first 6 months after completing the intervention. • Continuous 1 year follow-up counseling is important for long-term abstinence.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Residential Treatment Exclusively for Tobacco Use Disorder: A Narrative Review
    Symen Kornelis Spoelstra, Robert C. van de Graaf, Arie Dijkstra
    Journal of Addiction Medicine.2024; 18(1): 33.     CrossRef
  • Experiences with smoking habits and the need for cessation among habitual smokers in Japan: a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews
    Kae Shiratani, Junko Shimasawa, Mayumi Mizutani
    BMC Primary Care.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Neurobiology of Stress-Induced Nicotine Relapse
    Xinyu Wang, Yun Chen, Jing Dong, Jing Ge, Xiaoliu Liu, Jianfeng Liu
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(3): 1482.     CrossRef
  • Tobacco control in Qatar from 2002 to 2022: 20 years of progress and challenges
    Mohamed Ghaith Al-Kuwari, Abdulhmeed Ahmad Al-Khenji, Wadha Ahmad Al-Baker, Mohamed Osman Bala
    Journal of Public Health Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Impact of Military Tobacco Control Policy: A Systematic Review
    Muhamad Arham Bin Hashim, Khairul Fikri Bin Sebri, Muhammad Faiz Bin Mohd Hanim, Diyana Shereen Binti Anwar, Nawwal Alwani Binti Mohd Radzi, Ahmad Farhan Bin Ahmad Fuad, Budi Aslinie Binti Md Sabri
    Military Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Applicability of machine learning algorithm to predict the therapeutic intervention success in Brazilian smokers
    Miyoko Massago, Mamoru Massago, Pedro Henrique Iora, Sanderland José Tavares Gurgel, Celso Ivam Conegero, Idalina Diair Regla Carolino, Maria Muzanila Mushi, Giane Aparecida Chaves Forato, João Vitor Perez de Souza, Thiago Augusto Hernandes Rocha, Samile
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(3): e0295970.     CrossRef
  • How a 5-Day Stay in the Tobacco-Free Environment of the Stoptober House Supports Individuals to Quit Smoking: A Mixed Methods Pilot Study
    Floor A. Van den Brand, Thomas Martinelli, Charlotte I. de Haan-Bouma, Gert-Jan Meerkerk, Bjorn Winkens, Gera E. Nagelhout
    European Addiction Research.2024; 30(2): 103.     CrossRef
  • Development of a Risk Score to Predict Short-term Smoking Relapse Following an Inpatient Smoking Cessation Intervention
    Hwang Sik Shin, Yoon Hyung Park, Sung Soo Lee, Yong Jin Cho, Jun Tack Kwon, Youngs Chang, Mee-Ri Lee, Young Hwangbo
    Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Attitudes and influencing factors associated with smoking cessation: An online cross-sectional survey in China
    Jian-Hua Wang, Yu-Feng Yang, Shi-Lei Zhao, Hai-Tao Liu, Lei Xiao, Li Sun, Xi Wu, Dong-Chao Yuan, Li-Yao Ma, Bao-Zhao Ju, Jian-Ping Liu
    Tobacco Induced Diseases.2023; 21(June): 1.     CrossRef
  • The smoking and vaping model, A user-friendly model for examining the country-specific impact of nicotine VAPING product use: application to Germany
    Luz María Sánchez-Romero, Alex C. Liber, Yameng Li, Zhe Yuan, Jamie Tam, Nargiz Travis, Jihyoun Jeon, Mona Issabakhsh, Rafael Meza, David T. Levy
    BMC Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors Related to Smoking Relapse Within Six-Months of Smoking Cessation Among Inpatients
    Ji Eun Bae, Chul-Woung Kim, Seung Eun Lee, Myungwha Jang
    Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2023; 34: 307.     CrossRef
  • Factors associated with long-term smoking relapse in those who succeeded in smoking cessation using regional smoking cessation programs
    Seung Hun Lee, Yu Hyeon Yi, Young In Lee, Hyo Young Lee, Kyoung-Min Lim
    Medicine.2022; 101(31): e29595.     CrossRef
The Relationship between Tobacco Price Rises and Willingness to Quit Smoking among University Students.
Wook jin Lee, Seung jun Lee, Jae rang Lee, Jung myung Lee, Joo hyoung Lee, Eun choel Park, hoo yeon Lee
Korean J Epidemiol. 2003;25(2):76-83.
  • 6,940 View
  • 13 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The smoking rate of adult male is 68.2% in Korea and that of adolescent and women has risen recently. Ministry of Health and Welfare plans to raise the price of cigarettes by 1,000 Won per pack this year in hopes of securing funds to aid the underprivileged and discourage excessive smoking. In this study, we tried to find the relationship between tobacco price increase and willingness to quit smoking among university students, and the factors associated with willingness to quit smoking.
METHOD
The data were collected by questionnaire survey from 225 university students living in Seoul. The questionnaire contained items on age, sex, smoking history, economical status and the intention to quit smoking when the tobacco price be raised.
RESULT
The proportion of smokers who has the intention to quit smoking if the price of tobacco be raised by 3,000 Won was 46.2%. The factors associated with willingness to quit smoking were age of initiating smoking, opinion for price of cigarette, self efficacy scores, current plans to quit smoking, and viewpoint of changes in the rate of smokers.
CONCLUSION
The results showed that tobacco price rises will increase willingness to quit smoking among university students.
Summary
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